Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'iminyururu ihari?

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'iminyururu ihari?

Nk'ibice by'ingenzi byo kohereza no gutwara imizigo hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga,iminyururubimaze igihe kinini bikoreshwa mu nzego zitandukanye, harimo n'umusaruro w'inganda, ubwikorezi, n'ubuzima bwa buri munsi. Ibisabwa kugira ngo iminyururu ikomere, ikora neza, kandi idakomereka ku bushyuhe biratandukanye cyane mu bihe bitandukanye, bigatuma habaho ubwoko bwinshi bw'iminyururu. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma ku buryo burambuye ubwoko bw'iminyururu isanzwe hashingiwe ku miterere n'imiterere yayo, isesengura imiterere yayo y'ingenzi n'uturere dukoreshwa, itanga ubuyobozi bwuzuye bwo guhitamo abaguzi b'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga, injeniyeri, n'abakora mu nganda.

1. Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe imikorere yo kohereza: "Ihuriro ry'amashanyarazi" ry'ihererekanya ry'inganda

Iminyururu yo kohereza ingufu ni ingenzi mu kohereza ingufu muri sisitemu za mekanike. Igera ku ihererekanya ry'imbaraga n'ingendo binyuze mu minyururu n'udupira, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho nk'ibikoresho by'imashini, imodoka, n'imashini z'ubuhinzi. Hashingiwe ku miterere yazo n'ikoreshwa ryazo, zishobora kugabanywamo ibice bikurikira:

1. Umunyururu w'urukiramende
Umuyoboro w'ibizingo (roller chain) ni wo muyoboro ukoreshwa cyane mu nganda. Imiterere yawo igizwe n'ibice by'imbere n'inyuma by'ibizingo, imigozi, imigozi, n'imigozi. Kuba hari imigozi bihindura uburyo umugozi uri hagati y'umuyoboro n'umugozi uva ku guhindagurika kw'imigozi ukagera ku guhindagurika kw'imigozi, bigabanya cyane kwangirika no gutakaza ingufu.

Ibiranga by'ingenzi: Ikoranabuhanga ryo hejuru ryo kohereza ubutumwa (ubusanzwe 95%-98%), ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutwara imizigo, no kwihutisha ibintu neza. Ishobora gukora neza mu buryo buhamye mu buryo bwo kohereza ubutumwa bufite umurongo munini n'ahantu habi (nk'umukungugu n'amavuta).

Imikoreshereze: Sisitemu zo kohereza ibicuruzwa zifite umuvuduko muto kugeza ku uringaniye, zitwara imizigo myinshi nka moteri za moto, imashini zitwara imizigo, imashini zisarura ubuhinzi, n'ibikoresho byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro.

Guhitamo by'ingenzi: Hitamo inomero y'umunyururu ushingiye ku mbaraga zoherejwe, umuvuduko, n'intera yo hagati (urugero, 08A, 10A mu gipimo cya ISO; inomero nini y'umunyururu igaragaza imivuduko minini y'umunyururu n'ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gutwara imizigo).

2. Urunigi rw'ibice

Iminyururu y'ibice ifite imiterere isa n'iminyururu y'ibice, ariko idafite iminyururu; iminyururu ikora ku menyo y'ibice. Bitewe n'aho igenda irushaho kugorana, ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa buri hasi gato ugereranije n'iminyururu y'ibice, ariko itanga ikiguzi gito cyo gukora n'imiterere yoroshye. Ibiranga by'ingenzi: Igiciro gito, kubungabunga byoroshye, kandi bikwiranye no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bworoshye kandi bwihuse.
Ikoreshwa: Imashini nto zo gutwaramo ibintu, ibikoresho byo mu rugo (nk'imashini imesa), imashini zoroheje z'ubuhinzi, n'ibindi.

3. Urunigi rutuje

Umunyururu udacecetse, uzwi kandi ku izina ry'umunyururu ufite amenyo, ugizwe n'uruhererekane rw'amasahani afite amenyo ahujwe n'udupira. Amenyo y'amasahani ahuza neza n'amenyo y'udupira. Ugereranyije n'iminyururu izunguruka, iminyururu ifite amenyo itanga urusaku ruke cyane, itanga ubushobozi bwo kohereza amakuru neza, kandi ishobora kugera ku muvuduko mwinshi.
Ibiranga Ingenzi: Kohereza ubutumwa neza, urusaku ruto, gutigita gukomeye, no kohereza ubutumwa neza. Umuvuduko ntarengwa ushobora kugera ku muvuduko urenga 4000 rpm.
Ikoreshwa: Ibikoresho byo gusimbuka by'ibikoresho by'imashini bigezweho, sisitemu yo gukoresha igihe cya moteri y'imodoka, imashini zidoda imyenda, n'ibindi bikoresho bifite urusaku rwinshi n'ubuziranenge buhagije.

II. Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe imikorere yo kohereza: "Inzira yo kohereza" yo gucunga ibikoresho

Iminyururu y'imodoka ikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu igenewe by'umwihariko gukoreshwa mu gutwara ibikoresho kandi igomba kuba ishobora gutwara ibikoresho buri gihe. Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa hamwe n'imikandara y'imodoka, inzira z'imodoka, n'ibindi bikoresho. Bitewe n'imiterere y'ibikoresho n'aho bikorerwa, ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bw'ingenzi bukurikira:

1. Urunigi rw'isahani

Umunyururu w'ikibaho ugizwe n'umunyururu n'ikibaho gitwara ibintu, bihujwe n'umunyururu binyuze mu migozi cyangwa imigozi kugira ngo bikore ubuso bukomeza gutwara ibintu. Bitewe n'imiterere y'ikibaho gitwara ibintu, gishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanye, harimo ikibaho gifunganye, ikibaho gifunganye, n'ikibaho gifata ibintu ku ruhande.

Ibiranga by'ingenzi: Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bwinshi, ubuso bworoshye bwo gutwara ibintu, n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bitandukanye, harimo ibikoresho byinshi, ingano, n'ibiri mu gasanduku. Biroroshye kandi kubisukura.

Imikoreshereze: Imiyoboro ikora yikora, imiyoboro itunganya ibiribwa (nk'imiyoboro yo guteka ibisuguti), uburyo bwo gutondeka ububiko n'ibikoresho, hamwe no gucunga ibikoresho byo mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro.

2. Umunyururu w'insinga
Iminyururu y'urushundura ikozwe mu nsinga z'icyuma ziboshye, hanyuma zigahuzwa n'iminyururu kugira ngo zikore umuyoboro. Itanga umwuka mwiza wo kwinjira, yoroshye, kandi irinda kwirundanya kw'ibikoresho.

Ibiranga by'ingenzi: Ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjira neza mu mwuka, igabanya ubushyuhe, kandi ntishobora gutwara ibintu mu buryo bukabije, bigatuma ibikoresho byuma kandi bigakonjeshwa icyarimwe.

Imikoreshereze: Imiyoboro yo kumisha ibiryo (nk'imashini ikoresha noodles ihita ikoreshwa), icyuma cy'ikoranabuhanga cyo kumisha ibice, no gutwara ibintu bidafite aside mu nganda zikora imiti.

3. Umunyururu wo hejuru
Iminyururu yo hejuru ishyirwa ku nzira zo hejuru, hamwe n'imigozi cyangwa imitwaro bimanitseho. Bituma ibikoresho bitwarwa mu kirere kandi bigatwara neza, bigatuma hasi hagumaho neza.

Ibiranga by'ingenzi: Ikoreshwa ry'umwanya munini n'inzira zoroshye zo gutwaramo (zishobora guhindukira no guterura), bigatuma zikoreshwa mu gutwara ibikoresho mu ntera ndende kandi mu buryo butatu.

Imikoreshereze: Imirongo yo guteranya ibice by'imodoka (nk'iyo gusiga amarangi ku mubiri), sisitemu yo gukora imyenda, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu mu buryo butatu mu bubiko no mu bikoresho.

III. Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe ikoreshwa ryihariye: "Intwaro zihariye" ku bidukikije bikabije

Mu mikorere yihariye, iminyururu isanzwe ntabwo ihagije. Kubwibyo, iminyururu yihariye ifite imiterere yihariye nko kurwanya ingese, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, n'imbaraga nyinshi yavutse. Iyi minyururu ikubiyemo cyane cyane:

1. Umunyururu w'icyuma kitagira umwanda

Iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ikozwe mu byuma bidashonga nka 304 na 316. Itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, kurwanya ogisijeni, n'isuku, bigatuma iba nziza cyane mu bidukikije nk'ibifite ubushuhe, aside, na alkalinity.

Ibiranga by'ingenzi: Irwanya ingese cyane, irwanya ingese, n'ubuso bworoshye kandi bworoshye gusukura, ihuye n'ibisabwa n'inganda nk'ibiribwa n'imiti ku isuku.

Ibikoresho: Ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibiribwa, uburyo bwo gutwara imiti, ibikoresho by'ubuhanga mu mazi, n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi.

2. Urunigi rurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi

Iminyururu irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi ikozwe mu bikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi (nk'icyuma kidashyuha) kandi ifite amavuta ashyushye cyane. Ishobora gukora neza ahantu harenze 300°C, kandi amwe mu mamoderi yihariye ashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe burenga 800°C. Ibiranga by'ingenzi: Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, kurwanya cyane ubushyuhe, no gusiga amavuta mu buryo buhamye.
Ikoreshwa: Ahantu hakorerwa ubushyuhe bwinshi nko mu nganda zikora ibyuma (urugero: gutwara ibikoresho), ibikoresho bikorerwa mu irahuri, n'uburyo bwo gutwika ibikoresho bitwikwa.

3. Urunigi rwo guterura
Iminyururu yo guterura ni ingenzi mu bikoresho byo guterura kandi isaba imbaraga nyinshi n'ubukana. Ubusanzwe ikorwa mu cyuma gikomeye kandi irazimwa kandi igatunganywa kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza.
Ibiranga Ingenzi: Ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura, gukomera neza, kandi ifite umutekano mwinshi (ubusanzwe si munsi ya 4). Uburyo bwo kuvura ubuso nko gukara no gusiga ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi akenshi bukoreshwa mu gukumira ingese.
Imikoreshereze: Imashini zitwara imizigo, amakaramu, n'ibikoresho byo guterura bikoreshwa mu guterura no gutwara ibintu biremereye.

IV. Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe imiterere y'uruhererekane: "Itandukaniro" ry'imiterere y'ibanze

Uretse gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe imikorere, imiyoboro ishobora kandi gushyirwa mu byiciro hashingiwe ku itandukaniro ry’imiterere yayo, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere yayo n’ibintu biyireba:

1. Iminyururu y'imigozi imwe ugereranije n'imigozi myinshi

Iminyururu y'imigozi imwe igizwe n'urusobe rumwe rw'imigozi kandi yoroshye kuyitunganya, ikwiriye kohereza no gutwara imizigo iri hagati n'iyo hasi. Iminyururu y'imigozi myinshi igizwe n'imigozi myinshi y'imigozi imwe ihujwe n'udupira, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutwara imizigo buriyongera uko umubare w'imigozi ugenda (ubusanzwe uba ugarukira kuri ine kugira ngo hirindwe ko imizigo ikwirakwira mu buryo bungana).

Imikoreshereze: Iminyururu y'imigozi imwe ikoreshwa ku bikoresho bito, mu gihe iminyururu y'imigozi myinshi ikoreshwa mu kohereza imizigo myinshi mu nganda (nk'imashini nini zikora compressors).

2. Iminyururu y'ingufu ngufi ugereranije n'iminyururu y'ingufu ndende

Umugozi ni igipimo cy'ingenzi cy'umugozi, yerekeza ku ntera iri hagati y'imigozi ibiri yegeranye. Imigozi migufi (pitch ≤ 25.4mm) itanga uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa neza kandi yihuta cyane, bigatuma ikwirakwizwa neza. Imigozi miremire (pitch ≥ 50.8mm) itanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo myinshi, ikwirakwizwa neza no gutwara imizigo myinshi mu muvuduko muto.

V. Iby'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho mu guhitamo urunigi

Nyuma yo gusobanukirwa ubwoko bw'imiyoboro, guhitamo neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibikoresho bikore neza kandi bihamye. Ibande ku ngingo enye z'ingenzi zikurikira:

Ibipimo by'imikorere: Gusobanura ibipimo by'ingenzi nk'ingufu zo kohereza, umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka, umuvuduko wo kohereza, n'ubushobozi bwo gukurura kugira ngo bihuze n'ubushobozi bw'umuzigo w'urunigi n'ubushobozi bwo kohereza.

Imiterere y'ibidukikije: Hitamo iminyururu yihariye nk'icyuma kidashonga cyangwa iminyururu irinda ubushyuhe bwinshi bitewe n'uko hari ingese, ubushyuhe bwinshi, ivumbi n'ubushuhe.

Umwanya wo gushyiraho: Kumenya ubugari bw'umunyururu, umubare w'imirongo, n'uburebure ukurikije ingano y'ibikoresho byo gushyiraho n'intera yo hagati.

Ibisabwa mu kubungabunga: Tekereza uburyo bworoshye bwo kubungabunga bukenewe mu gihe cyo gukoresha. Urugero, mu nganda z'ibiribwa, iminyururu y'urukuta yoroshye gusukura cyangwa iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ni byo bikunze gukoreshwa.

Umwanzuro

Gushyira iminyururu mu byiciro ntabwo ari ibintu byuzuye; iminyururu ishobora guhurirana hakurikijwe ibyiciro bitandukanye (urugero, umunyururu w'amababi y'icyuma kidashonga ushobora gushyirwa mu byiciro byombi nk'umunyururu w'icyuma kidashonga n'umunyururu w'imodoka). Mu bikorwa bifatika, isuzumabumenyi ryuzuye rishingiye ku byo umuntu akeneye byihariye ni ngombwa.