Ni ibihe bintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije bigomba kwitabwaho mu gihe cyo kubungabunga iminyururu izunguruka?

Ni ibihe bintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije bigomba kwitabwaho mu gihe cyo kubungabunga iminyururu izunguruka?
Iminyururu y'imizingo igira uruhare runini mu bikorwa bitandukanye by'inganda. Kuyibungabunga ntibifitanye isano gusa n'imikorere isanzwe y'ibikoresho, ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku musaruro n'ubuzima bw'ibikoresho. Ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije ni ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga iminyururu y'imizingo, kuko imiterere itandukanye y'ibidukikije ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere n'ubuzima bw'iminyururu y'imizingo. Iyi nkuru izavuga ku buryo burambuye ku bintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije bigomba kwitabwaho mu kubungabunga iminyururu y'imizingo, kandi itange inama zijyanye no kuyibungabunga.

1. Ubushyuhe
(I) Ibidukikije bishyuha cyane
Mu gihe hari ubushyuhe bwinshi, imiterere y'ibikoresho by'umunyururu w'uruhererekane rw'ibizingo ishobora guhinduka, bigatuma imbaraga n'ubukomere by'umunyururu bigabanuka. Ubushyuhe bwinshi buzihutisha kandi kwangirika no kwangirika kw'amavuta yo kwisiga, bigabanye ingaruka zo kwisiga, kandi byongera kwangirika kw'umunyururu. Kubwibyo, iyo ukoresha iminyururu y'ibizingo mu bushyuhe bwinshi, hagomba gutoranywa ibikoresho n'amavuta arwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi amavuta agomba gusuzumwa buri gihe kugira ngo urebe ko umunyururu wuzuye amavuta. Byongeye kandi, ushobora gutekereza gushyiraho igikoresho gikonjesha, nk'umufana cyangwa sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi, kugira ngo ugabanye ubushyuhe bw'imikorere.

(II) Ibidukikije bifite ubushyuhe buke
Ubushyuhe buke buzatuma ibikoresho by'umunyururu w'urukiramende bicika intege kandi byongera ibyago byo kuvunika k'umunyururu. Muri icyo gihe, ubushyuhe buke buzatuma amavuta yo kwisiga akomera, bigira ingaruka ku kuntu ahinduka bityo bigatuma amavuta agabanuka. Mu bushyuhe buke, ibikoresho n'amavuta yo kwisiga bifite ubushyuhe buke bigomba gutoranywa, kandi umunyururu ugomba gushyuha neza mbere yo gutangira kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika mu gihe cyo gutangira.

2. Ubushuhe
(I) Ibidukikije bifite ubushuhe
Ahantu hatose ni ikibazo gikomeye mu kubungabunga umugozi w'imizingo. Ubushuhe bushobora gutera ingese n'ubushyuhe bw'umugozi, bigagabanya imbaraga zawo zo kunanirwa. Byongeye kandi, ahantu hatose hazihutisha emulsification no kwangirika kw'amavuta, bigagabanya imbaraga zayo zo gusiga. Kubwibyo, mu gihe ukoresha imigozi y'imizingo ahantu hatose, ibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwiza n'amavuta adashobora kuvogerwa n'amazi bigomba gutoranywa, kandi ingese y'umugozi igomba kugenzurwa buri gihe, kandi gukuraho ingese no kongera gusiga amavuta bigomba gukorwa ku gihe.

(II) Ahantu humutse
Nubwo ahantu humutse hadakunze gutera ingese, ubwumye bwinshi bushobora gutuma amavuta ashira vuba, bigatuma urunigi rwuma kandi rugashira nabi. Mu hantu humutse, hagomba gutoranywa amavuta afite ubushobozi bwo guhumeka neza, kandi inshuro zo gushyushya zigomba kongerwa kugira ngo urunigi ruhore rufite ubushobozi bwo gushyushya neza.

3. Umukungugu
(I) Ibidukikije by'umukungugu
Umukungugu ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi mu kubungabunga umunyururu w'ibizingo. Umukungugu uzinjira mu cyuho cy'umunyururu, wongere uburibwe bw'imbere kandi wihutishe kwangirika. Byongeye kandi, umukungugu uzivanga n'amavuta yo kwisiga kugira ngo ukore ibintu bitera uburibwe, birusheho kongera kwangirika k'umunyururu. Mu bidukikije birimo ivumbi, ugomba guhitamo umunyururu w'ibizingo ufite ubushobozi bwo gufunga neza, kandi ugasukura buri gihe umukungugu uri ku buso bw'umunyururu kugira ngo umunyururu ugumane isuku. Muri icyo gihe, ugomba guhitamo amavuta yo kwisiga afite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwangirika neza, kandi wongere inshuro zo gusukura no kwisiga.

(II) Ingamba zo gusukura
Kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka z'umukungugu ku minyururu izunguruka, ingamba zikurikira zo gusukura zishobora gufatwa:

Gusukura buri gihe: Koresha igitambaro cyoroshye cyangwa uburoso kugira ngo ukureho ivumbi n'amavuta ku buso bw'umunyururu.
Imbunda yo mu mazi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi: Niba ibintu bikwemereye, ushobora gukoresha imbunda yo mu mazi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo usukure umugozi, ariko witondere kudakoresha umuvuduko mwinshi w'amazi kugira ngo wirinde kwangiza umugozi.
Umwambaro urinda: Gushyiramo umupfundikizo urinda bishobora gukumira ivumbi kwinjira mu munyururu no kugabanya kwangirika.
IV. Ibidukikije by'imiti
(I) Ibidukikije byangiza
Mu nganda zimwe na zimwe, iminyururu ishobora guhura n’ibintu bihumanya nka aside, alkali, umunyu, nibindi. Ibi binyabutabire byihutisha kwangirika k’umunyururu kandi bigabanye imbaraga n’ubuzima bwawo. Kubwibyo, mu gihe ukoresha iminyururu ishonga mu bintu bihumanya, hagomba gutoranywa ibikoresho birwanya kwangirika nk’icyuma kidashonga cyangwa alloys zidasanzwe, kandi hagakoreshwa amavuta arwanya kwangirika. Muri icyo gihe, kwangirika k’umunyururu bigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe, kandi gukuraho kwangirika no kongera gusigwa bigomba gukorwa ku gihe.

(ii) Imashini yongera batiri n'umuti wo gufunga nikeli
Ahantu hamwe na hamwe hakorerwa imiti yihariye, nko kongeramo batiri n'umuti wo gushyiramo nikeli, bizatera ingese ikomeye ku minyururu y'imizingo. Muri ibi bidukikije, iminyururu y'imizingo yakozwe mu buryo bwihariye irwanya imiti igomba gutoranywa, kandi hagafatwa ingamba zo kuyirinda, nko gukoresha ibipfundikizo birinda cyangwa ibikoresho byo kwitandukanya kugira ngo hirindwe ko iminyururu yahura n'imiti.

V. Umutwaro n'ihindagurika
(i) Umutwaro
Umutwaro w'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko ugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere yawo no ku buzima bwawo. Umutwaro mwinshi uzatuma umunyururu urekura cyane kandi ugasaza, bigagabanya ubushobozi bwo kohereza. Kubwibyo, menya neza ko umunyururu w'umuzunguruko ukora mu rugero rw'umutwaro kugira ngo wirinde ko umutwaro uremereye ukorwa igihe kirekire. Genzura umuvuduko w'umunyururu buri gihe kugira ngo urebe ko ukora neza.

(ii) Gutigita
Gutigita byongera umunaniro w'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko kandi bigatera gucika vuba k'umunyururu. Mu hantu hameze nk'aho hari gutigita cyane, hagomba gutoranywa umunyururu w'umuzunguruko ufite ubudahangarwa bwinshi, kandi hagakoreshwa ibikoresho birwanya impanuka nka za springi cyangwa rabber pads kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'umunyururu. Muri icyo gihe, gutigita k'umunyururu bigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe, kandi imiyoboro ifite ubudahangarwa bukomeye igomba gusimbuzwa igihe.

VI. Kubungabunga no kugenzura
(I) Igenzura rya buri munsi
Igenzura ry'isura: Mbere yo gutangira imashini buri munsi, genzura uko umugozi w'icyuma umeze kugira ngo wemeze ko nta bimenyetso by'ibyangiritse, kwangirika cyangwa ingese bigaragara. Muri icyo gihe, genzura uko umugozi w'icyuma uhagaze kugira ngo urebe neza ko udafashe cyane ku buryo byakongera kwangirika cyangwa ngo ube urekuye cyane ku buryo umunyururu urekura.
Uko amavuta ashyirwa: Reba aho amavuta ashyirwa kugira ngo urebe neza ko amavuta ahagije kandi asukuye. Siga amavuta akwiye ku mugozi buri gihe kugira ngo ugabanye gucika intege no gutakaza. Witondere guhitamo amavuta ajyanye n'imiterere y'akazi kandi wirinde kuvanga ubwoko butandukanye.
Ijwi ryo gukoresha: Nyuma yo gutangiza ibikoresho, tega amatwi witonze ijwi ryo gukoresha umugozi w'icyuma. Ijwi ridasanzwe rikunze kuba ikimenyetso cy'ikosa, nk'ibibazo byo gufunga umugozi n'agace k'icyuma, kwangirika kw'udupira, n'ibindi, bigomba kugenzurwa ku gihe.
(II) Gutunganya buri gihe
Guhindura umuvuduko w'umunyururu: Dukurikije amabwiriza y'ibikoresho cyangwa igitabo cy'amabwiriza yo kubungabunga, hindura umuvuduko w'umunyururu buri gihe kugira ngo ukomeze gukora neza. Gufata umuvuduko ukabije cyangwa urekuye cyane bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza y'umunyururu no ku buzima bw'umunyururu.
Gusukura no gukuraho ingese: Sukura buri gihe ivumbi, amavuta n'ingese biri ku buso bw'umunyururu kugira ngo wirinde kugira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo gusiga no kwangirika. Ku bice byangiritse cyane, hagomba gukurwaho ingese ku gihe kandi hagakoreshwa imiti igabanya ingese.
Igenzura n'isimburana ry'ibice by'ingufu: Ibice by'ingufu ni ibice bishobora kwangirika mu minyururu izunguruka kandi bigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe. Iyo bigaragaye ko ibice by'ingufu bidahinduka, birimo urusaku cyangwa bishyushye cyane, bigomba gusimburwa ku gihe kugira ngo hirindwe ko byangiza byinshi.
(III) Gukumira amakosa
Umutwaro uhagije: Irinde gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi igihe kirekire kandi urebe neza ko umuyoboro w'ibyuma ukora mu rugero rw'umutwaro ugenwe kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika no kwangirika bitari ngombwa.
Gukurikirana ubushyuhe: Kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'imikorere y'umunyururu w'urukiramende kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'imikorere no kwangirika kw'ibice byayo guterwa no gushyuha cyane. Niba bibaye ngombwa, ongeramo ibikoresho bikonjesha cyangwa uhindure ubushyuhe bw'aho ukorera.
Amahugurwa y'umwuga: Gutanga amahugurwa y'umwuga ku bakoresha n'abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga kugira ngo bongere ubumenyi bwabo ku ihame ry'imikorere, amakosa asanzwe n'ubushobozi bwo gucunga byihutirwa iminyururu izunguruka.
(IV) Gusana amakosa
Gusuzuma: Iyo habayeho amakosa akomeye, abatekinisiye b’inzobere bagomba gutumirwa gusuzuma no gukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho byo gupima no kumenya vuba impamvu y’ikosa.
Kubungabunga: Dukurikije ibisubizo by’isuzuma, hategurwa gahunda y’ubuvuzi kandi isobanutse yo kubungabunga, kandi ibice by’umwimerere cyangwa ibindi bisimbura byiza bikoreshwa mu gusimbuza no gusana kugira ngo habeho ireme ry’ubuvuzi.
Inyandiko: Shyiraho dosiye yuzuye y'inyandiko z'ubuziranenge, wandike igihe, ibikubiye muri iyo nyandiko, ibice bisimbura n'ingaruka z'ubuziranenge bwa buri dosiye mu buryo burambuye kugira ngo utange icyerekezo cy'ubuziranenge bukurikira.
VII. Kubika no kubika
(I) Ahantu ho kubika ibintu
Iminyururu y'imizingo igomba gushyirwa ahantu humutse kandi hatari ivumbi iyo bibitswe. Irinde gushyira umunyururu ahantu hashobora kwangirika, ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ahantu hashobora kwangirika kugira ngo hirindwe ingese n'ingufu.

(II) Kubika nyuma yo gusenya
Nyuma yo gukuraho umugozi w'umuzingo, ugomba kubanza gusukurwa, hanyuma ukinjizwa mu mavuta yo kwisiga kugira ngo icyuho cy'umugozi w'umuzingo nacyo cyinjiremo neza. Hanyuma, funga n'urupapuro rw'amavuta kugira ngo hirindwe ingese.

Umwanzuro
Kubungabunga iminyururu izunguruka bisaba gusuzuma neza ibintu byinshi bidukikije, birimo ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, ivumbi, ibidukikije bya shimi, umutwaro n'ihindagurika. Mu guhitamo ibikoresho n'amavuta bikwiye, gukora igenzura no kubungabunga buri gihe, no gufata ingamba zikwiye zo kurinda, igihe cy'imikorere y'iminyururu izunguruka gishobora kongerwa cyane, kandi imikorere myiza n'ubwizigirwa bw'ibikoresho bishobora kunozwa. Kubungabunga neza ntibishobora kugabanya gusa kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho no kudakora neza, ahubwo binagabanya ikiguzi cyo kubikora no kwemeza ko inzira yo kubitunganya igenda neza.