Ni izihe ngamba zihariye z'iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa?

Ni izihe ngamba zihariye z'iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa?

1. Incamake y'ikoreshwa ry'iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa
1.1 Imiterere y'ibikoresho by'iminyururu y'icyuma kitagira umugese
Iminyururu y'icyuma gikozwe mu byuma bitagira umugese isanzwe ikorwa mu bikoresho by'icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwiza, nk'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya 304, icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya 316L, nibindi. Ibi bikoresho bifite imiterere ikurikira:

Ubudahangarwa n'ingese: Ibyuma 304 bitagira umugese birimo chromium na nikeli nyinshi, bigatuma birwanya ogisijeni na ingese mu bidukikije byinshi. Ibyuma 316L bitagira umugese byongera molybdenum (Mo) kugira ngo birusheho kunoza ubudahangarwa n'ingese no kurwanya imyobo, cyane cyane bikwiranye n'ahantu hakonje, aside na alkaline bikunze gukoreshwa mu gutunganya ibiribwa.

Ingufu nyinshi: Nyuma yo kuvurwa byihariye, imbaraga zo gukurura no gutanga umusaruro w'iminyururu y'icyuma kidafunze ziba nyinshi, kandi zishobora kwihanganira imitwaro minini. Urugero, imbaraga zo gukurura z'umunyururu w'icyuma kidafunze wa 304 zishobora kugera kuri 515 MPa, zishobora kuzuza ibisabwa n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibiribwa kugira ngo bishobore gutwara imizigo y'umunyururu.

Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubuke: Iminyururu y'icyuma kidakoresha ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi, nko gukoresha ubushyuhe bwa 304 icyuma kidakoresha ikoreshwa hagati ya -20°C na 400°C, ikwiriye ibikoresho byo guteka mu bushyuhe bwinshi n'ibikoresho byo gukonjesha mu bushyuhe buke mu gutunganya ibiribwa.

Isuku n'uburozi: Ibikoresho by'icyuma kidasesagura ntabwo ari uburozi kandi nta mpumuro, byujuje ibisabwa mu isuku y'inganda zitunganya ibiribwa, kandi ntibizahumanya ibiribwa.

Ni nziza kandi irakomeye: Ubuso buraryoshye kandi ntabwo byoroshye kwangirika. Bushobora gukomeza kugaragara neza nyuma yo gukoreshwa igihe kirekire kandi bumara igihe kirekire

2. Gukoresha amasano yo kohereza
2.1 Gutwara ibikoresho fatizo
Iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga igira uruhare runini mu guhuza ibikoresho fatizo mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho fatizo byo gutunganya ibiribwa, birimo ibinyampeke, inyama, imbuto, imboga, nibindi. Gutwara ibyo bikoresho fatizo bigomba kuzuza ibisabwa kugira ngo bibe isuku, imikorere myiza n'ituze.

Gutwara ibinyampeke: Mu bigo bitunganya ibinyampeke, iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umushongi ikoreshwa mu gutwara ibinyampeke nk'ingano n'ibigori. Urugero, uruganda runini rukora ifu rukoresha uburyo bwo gutwara ibinyampeke by'ibyuma bitagira umushongi mu gutwara ingano ziva mu bubiko zijya aho zitunganyirizwa, zifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 50 ku isaha, ibyo bikaba binongera umusaruro mwiza. Kuba iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umushongi irwanya ingese n'imbaraga nyinshi bituma ikomeza gukora neza mu gihe kirekire kandi ntizangiza ingese cyangwa ngo zangirike bitewe n'ubushuhe cyangwa umwanda mu binyampeke.
Gutwara inyama: Mu bigo bitunganya inyama, iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese ikoreshwa mu gutwara amatungo nk'ingurube n'inka. Mu ibagiro, iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese itwara amatungo kuva ku murongo w'ibagiro ijya aho baca, kandi imiterere y'isuku n'uburozi bw'umunyururu igenzura ko inyama zitanduye mu gihe cyose cyo gutwara. Byongeye kandi, kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubuke bw'iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese bituma ikora neza mu bushyuhe buke bw'ibagiro.
Gutwara imbuto n'imboga: Mu bigo bitunganya imbuto n'imboga, imiyoboro y'ibyuma bitagira umugese ikoreshwa mu gutwara imbuto n'imboga. Urugero, uruganda rukora mu gucukura imbuto rukoresha uburyo bwo gutwara imbuto mu buryo butagira umugese kuva aho zicanirwa kugeza aho zicanirwa, bufite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 30 ku isaha. Kuba imiyoboro y'ibyuma bitagira umugese idashobora kugwa bituma ishobora kurwanya aside mu mbuto n'imboga, mu gihe imiterere yazo isuku kandi idafite uburozi ishyigikira umutekano w'ibiribwa.

2.2 Gutwara ibicuruzwa birangiye neza
Iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese nayo ikoreshwa cyane mu ishami rishinzwe gutwara ibiryo mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa. Gutwara ibiryo bitagira umugese bigomba kwemeza ko isuku n'ubwiza bw'ibiribwa bitabangamiwe mu gihe cyo kubitunganya.

Gutwara ibiryo bitetse mu buryo buciriritse: Mu bigo bitunganya ibiribwa bitetse mu buryo buciriritse, iminyururu y'ibyuma bitangiza ikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu bitangiza ibiciro nk'imigati na keke. Urugero, imigati minini ikoresha uburyo bwo gutwara imigati mu buryo buciriritse kugira ngo ijyane imigati iva aho itetse igera, ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 20 ku isaha. Kuba umunyururu w'ibyuma bitangiza ibiciro bikabije bituma ikora neza mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ibikoresho bitetse mu buryo bukabije, kandi imiterere yayo isuku kandi idafite uburozi ishyigikira umutekano w'ibiryo mu gihe cyo kubitwara.
Gutwara inyama zikozwe mu buryo buciriritse: Mu bigo bitunganya inyama, iminyururu y'icyuma kitagira umushongi ikoreshwa mu gutwara inyama zikozwe mu buryo buciriritse nka sosiso na jambon. Mu iduka ritunganya sosiso, umunyururu w'icyuma kitagira umushongi utwara sosiso kuva ku murongo wuzuza kugeza aho inywera itabi. Kuba umunyururu urwanya ingese n'imbaraga nyinshi by'umunyururu bituma ukomeza gukora neza mu gihe kirekire. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y'isuku n'uburozi bw'umunyururu w'icyuma kitagira umushongi ishyigikira umutekano w'inyama mu gihe cyo kuzitwara.
Gutwara ibinyobwa bikozwe mu buryo buciriritse: Mu bigo bitunganya ibinyobwa, imiyoboro y'ibyuma bitagira umushongi ikoreshwa mu gutwara ibinyobwa bitagira umushongi. Urugero, uruganda rw'ibinyobwa rukoresha uburyo bwo gutwara ibinyobwa bitagira umushongi mu gutwara ibinyobwa bitagira umushongi bivuye mu iduka bikora ibinyobwa bivanwa mu iduka bikora ibinyobwa, bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni zigera ku 10 ku isaha. Kuba imiyoboro y'ibyuma bitagira umushongi idashobora kugwa bituma ishobora kurwanya aside mu binyobwa, mu gihe imiterere yabyo isuku kandi idafite uburozi ishyigikira umutekano w'ibinyobwa mu gihe cyo kubitwara.

3. Gushyira mu bikorwa mu kuzuza
3.1 Ibyuzuza ibiryo by'amazi
Iminyururu y'icyuma kidasembuye igira uruhare runini mu kuzuza ibiryo mu mazi, kandi ibyiza byabyo bishimangira imikorere myiza, isuku n'ituze by'uburyo bwo kuzuza.

Kuzuza inzoga: Mu gikorwa cyo gukora inzoga, iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ikoreshwa mu gutwara amacupa cyangwa amacupa y'ibirahure. Urugero, uruganda runini rukora inzoga rukoresha uburyo bwo gutwara amacupa y'icyuma kidashonga kugira ngo rutware amacupa ava aho asukura ajya aho asukura hanyuma akayashyira aho afungira. Imikorere myiza y'umunyururu w'icyuma kidashonga ituma amacupa ajyanwa kandi akazuzura neza, urwego rw'amazi yo kuzuza ruhamye, intera iri hagati yo kuzuza no gufunga, ndetse n'umusemburo wa ogisijeni mu gacupa ugabanuka. Ibice byose bihuye n'amacupa bikozwe mu cyuma kidashonga cyujuje ibiryo kugira ngo harebwe ubwiza bw'umupfundikizo.
Kuzuza ibinyobwa: Mu buryo bwo kuzuza ibinyobwa, iminyururu y'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikoreshwa mu gutwara amacupa y'ibinyobwa. Urugero, uruganda rw'ibinyobwa rukoresha uburyo bwo gutwara iminyururu y'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma ...

Kuzuza amavuta yo kuribwa: Mu gihe cyo kuzuza amavuta yo kuribwa, iminyururu y'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma ...

3.2 Ibyuzuza ibiryo bikomeye
Iminyururu y'icyuma kidafunze nayo ikoreshwa cyane mu guhuza ibiryo bikomeye, kandi ibyiza byabyo byemeza imikorere myiza, isuku n'ituze ry'uburyo bwo kuzuza.

Kuzuza sosiso: Mu gihe cyo gutunganya sosiso, iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ikoreshwa mu gutwara sosiso. Urugero, uruganda rutunganya sosiso rukoresha uburyo bwo gutwara sosiso mu gutwara sosiso kuva ku murongo w'ibyuzuza kugeza aho zicanirwa. Kuba urwanya ingese n'imbaraga nyinshi z'umunyururu w'icyuma kidashonga bituma ikomeza gukora neza mu gihe kirekire, mu gihe imiterere yayo isuku n'uburozi bitanga umutekano mu isukuye w'sosiso mu gihe cyo kuzuza. Byongeye kandi, kuba umunyururu w'icyuma kidashonga udashobora gusukurwa bifasha gukora neza mu gihe cyo kunywa sosiso.
Kuzuza bombo: Mu gihe cyo gutunganya bombo, iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ikoreshwa mu gutwara bombo. Urugero, uruganda rwa bombo rukoresha uburyo bwo gutwara bombo bukoresha icyuma kidashonga kugira ngo rujyane bombo mu ruganda rukora kuzuza bombo kugeza aho zipakirwa. Imiterere y'isuku n'uburozi bw'urunigi rw'icyuma kidashonga ishyigikira umutekano w'bombo mu gihe cyo kuzuza bombo, mu gihe kurwanya ingese biyifasha kurwanya aside iri muri bombo. Byongeye kandi, imiterere ikomeye y'urunigi rw'icyuma kidashonga ifasha kwihanganira uburemere bw'bombo, bigatuma inzira yo gutwara bombo ihora ihamye kandi yizewe.
Kuzuza imbuto: Mu gihe cyo gutunganya imbuto, iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ikoreshwa mu gutwara imbuto. Urugero, uruganda rutunganya imbuto rukoresha uburyo bwo gutwara imbuto z'icyuma kidashonga kugira ngo rujyane imbuto ziva aho zishyirwa zijya aho zipakirwa. Imiterere y'isuku n'uburozi bw'iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ishyigikira umutekano w'imbuto mu gihe cyo kuzishyira mu ruganda, mu gihe kurwanya ingese yazo bizifasha kurwanya aside iri mu mbuto. Byongeye kandi, imiterere ikomeye y'iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ifasha kwihanganira uburemere bw'imbuto, bigatuma inzira yo kuzishyira mu ruganda ihora ihamye kandi yizewe.

4. Gukoresha mu guteka
4.1 Guteka umugati
Iminyururu y'icyuma kidasembuye igira uruhare runini mu guteka umugati, kandi ibyiza byayo bishimangira imikorere myiza, isuku n'ituze by'uburyo bwo guteka.

Ikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo gutekesha: Mu bikoresho byo gutekesha imigati, iminyururu y'icyuma gikozwe mu ifu ikunze gukoreshwa mu gutekesha imigati. Urugero, imigati minini ikoresha uburyo bwo kohereza imigati mu ifu ikozwe mu ifu kugira ngo ijyane imigati iva aho itekesha, ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 20 ku isaha. Kuba iminyururu y'icyuma gikozwe mu ifu ikozwe mu ifu ituma ikora neza mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ibikoresho byo gutekesha, kandi akenshi ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa 250°C, bigatuma imigati itekesha neza mu gihe cyo gutekesha.
Isuku n'umutekano w'ibiribwa: Imiterere y'isuku n'uburozi bw'iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese ihuye n'amahame y'isuku y'inganda zitunganya ibiribwa kandi ntabwo izatera umwanda ku mugati. Ubuso bwawo bworoshye bworoshye gusukura, bishobora gukumira bagiteri gukura no kwemeza isuku n'umutekano w'umugati mu gihe cyo guteka.

Kunoza imikorere myiza: Imbaraga nyinshi n'urusaku ruto by'iminyururu y'ibyuma bidakoresha ibyuma bitagira umugese bituma ikomeza gukora neza mu gihe kirekire, bigabanya igihe cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho n'umuvuduko wo gutsindwa. Ibi ntibinoza imikorere myiza y'umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa byo guteka imigati gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere y'ibigo.

4.2 Guteka inyama
Iminyururu y'icyuma kidasembuye nayo ikoreshwa cyane mu guteka inyama, kandi ibyiza byayo bishimangira imikorere myiza, isuku n'ituze ry'uburyo bwo guteka inyama.

Ikoreshwa mu gutunganya sosiso: Mu gutunganya sosiso, iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ikoreshwa mu gutwara sosiso. Urugero, uruganda rutunganya sosiso rukoresha sisitemu yo gutwara sosiso mu gutwara sosiso kuva ku murongo wuzuza kugeza aho zicanirwa. Kuba iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga irakomera kandi ikagira imbaraga nyinshi bituma iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ikomeza gukora neza mu gihe kirekire, mu gihe imiterere yayo isuku kandi idafite uburozi ishyigikira isuku n'umutekano wa sosiso mu gihe cyo guteka. Byongeye kandi, kuba iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga irakomera cyane bituma ikora neza mu gihe cyo guteka sosiso, kandi akenshi ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuri 200°C.

Ikoreshwa mu gutunganya inyama: Mu bigo bitunganya inyama, iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu nka jambon na barbecue. Urugero, uruganda rutunganya inyama rukoresha sisitemu yo gutwara inyama idashonga ikoresheje icyuma ki ...

Isuku n'umutekano w'ibiribwa: Imiterere y'isuku n'uburozi by'uruhererekane rw'ibyuma bitagira uburozi byujuje ibisabwa mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa kandi ntibihumanya inyama. Ubuso bwarwo bworoshye bworoshye gusukura, bishobora gukumira gukura kwa bagiteri no kwemeza umutekano w'ibikomoka ku nyama mu gihe cyo guteka. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese bw'uruhererekane rw'ibyuma bitagira uburozi butuma rushobora kurwanya ibintu bikomoka ku nyama, bigakomeza gutuma ibiryo birushaho kugira umutekano.

5. Gushyira mu mwanya wo gukonjesha
5.1 Umusaruro w'ibiribwa bikonjeshejwe
Iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese igira uruhare runini mu gukora ibiryo bikonjeshejwe, kandi ibyiza byabyo bishimangira imikorere myiza, isuku n'ituze y'ibikorwa byo kubitunganya.

Gukoreshwa mu tunori zikonjesha vuba: Mu tunori zikonjesha vuba, iminyururu y'icyuma kitagira umushongi ikoreshwa mu gutwara ibiryo, nk'amadumbe, utubumbe tw'umuceri twinshi, amafi yo mu nyanja, imbuto n'imboga. Urugero, uruganda runini rw'ibiribwa bikonjesha vuba rukoresha sisitemu yo gutwara ibiryo mu buryo bw'icyuma kitagira umushongi mu gutwara ibiryo bivuye mu iduka ribitunganya bijya mu tunori zikonjesha vuba, bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 30 ku isaha. Kuba umunyururu w'icyuma kitagira umushongi udashobora gushyuha cyane bituma ukomeza gukomera no gukomera mu bushyuhe buri hasi cyane nta gucika intege. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y'isuku n'uburozi bw'umunyururu w'icyuma kitagira umushongi yujuje amahame y'isuku y'inganda zitunganya ibiryo kandi ntabwo izatera umwanda ku biryo.

Isuku n'umutekano w'ibiribwa: Ubuso bw'urunigi rw'icyuma kitagira umugese buraryoshye kandi bworoshye gusukura, bishobora gukumira mikorobe no kwemeza umutekano w'ibiryo mu gihe cyo gukonjesha. Ubudahangarwa bwayo butuma ishobora kurwanya ibintu bikomoka kuri aside mu biribwa, bigakomeza gutuma ibiryo birushaho kugira umutekano.

Kunoza imikorere myiza y'umusaruro: Imbaraga nyinshi n'urusaku ruto rw'umunyururu w'icyuma kitagira umugese bituma ukomeza gukora neza mu gihe kirekire, bigabanya igihe cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho n'umuvuduko wo gutsindwa. Ibi ntibinoza gusa imikorere y'umusaruro w'ibiribwa bikonje, ahubwo binagabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere y'ibigo.

5.2 Ubwikorezi buri muri firigo
Iminyururu y'icyuma kidakoresha ifu nayo ikoreshwa cyane mu gutwara ibintu muri firigo, kandi ibyiza byayo bitanga umusaruro mwiza, isuku n'ituze mu gutwara ibintu.

Gukoreshwa mu byumba bikonjeshejwe: Mu byumba bikonjeshejwe, iminyururu y'icyuma kitagira umugese ikoreshwa mu gusana no gutwara ibiryo. Urugero, ikigo kinini gishinzwe gutwara ibintu mu byuma bikonjeshwa gikoresha uburyo bwo gusana iminyururu y'icyuma kitagira umugese kugira ngo gishyire ibiryo mu byumba bikonjeshejwe kugira ngo gikomeze mu gihe cyo kubitwara. Kuba iminyururu y'icyuma kitagira umugese idashobora kugwa mu bushyuhe buke bituma ikomeza gukomera no gukomera mu bushyuhe buke bw'ibyumba bikonjeshejwe. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y'isuku n'uburozi bw'iminyururu y'icyuma kitagira umugese yujuje amahame y'isuku y'inganda zitunganya ibiryo kandi ntabwo izatera umwanda ku biryo.

Isuku n'umutekano w'ibiribwa: Ubuso bw'iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ni bworoshye kandi bworoshye gusukura, bishobora gukumira gukura kwa bagiteri no kwemeza umutekano w'ibiryo mu gihe cyo kubitwara. Ubudahangarwa bwayo bwa ruswa buyifasha kurwanya ibintu bihumanya mu biribwa, bigakomeza gutuma ibiryo birushaho kugira umutekano.

Kunoza imikorere myiza y'ubwikorezi: Imbaraga nyinshi n'urusaku ruto by'iminyururu y'ibyuma bidakoresha ibyuma bitagira umugese bituma ikomeza gukora neza mu gihe kirekire, bigabanya igihe cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho n'umuvuduko wo gutsindwa. Ibi ntibinoza gusa imikorere y'ubwikorezi buri muri firigo, ahubwo binagabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere y'ibigo.

6. Ibisabwa mu isuku n'isukura
6.1 Gusukura ubuso
Iyo iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ikoreshwa mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa, gusukura ubuso ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho umutekano n'isukura ku biribwa. Mu gihe cyo gutunganya ibiribwa, ubuso bw'umunyururu bukunze kugaragaramo amavuta, ivumbi, ibisigazwa by'ibiribwa n'ibindi bihumanya. Iyo ibi bihumanya bidasukuwe ku gihe, bishobora kororoka bagiteri bigatera kwandura ibiryo.

Uburyo bwo gusukura: Ubusanzwe amazi ashyushye arimo isabune akoreshwa mu gusukura. Ubu buryo ni bwiza kandi bushobora gukuraho imyanda myinshi ku buso bw'umunyururu. Ku birahure bigoye gusukura, ushobora gukoresha uburoso bworoshye kugira ngo ukosore buhoro buhoro, ariko wirinde gukoresha uburoso bukomeye kugira ngo wirinde gushwanyaguza buso bw'umunyururu. Mu gihe cyo gusukura, ugomba kandi kwitondera icyuho kiri hagati y'imiyoboro y'umunyururu. Ibi bice bikunze kwirundanyaho umwanda kandi bishobora gusukurwa n'uburoso bw'amenyo bushaje.

Inshuro zo gusukura: Bitewe n'aho ibiribwa bikorerwa n'inshuro urunigi rukoreshwa, muri rusange ni byiza gukora isuku yuzuye buri munsi cyangwa nyuma ya buri gikorwa. Mu hantu hakonje cyangwa handuye cyane, isuku igomba kongerwa uko bikwiye.

Uburyo bwo kumisha: Nyuma yo gusukura, igomba kozwa n'amazi meza hanyuma igahanagurwa n'icyuma cyumisha umusatsi cyangwa igitambaro gisukuye cya ipamba. Kugumana ubuso bw'urunigi bwumutse ni ingenzi mu gukumira ingese n'ikwirakwira rya bagiteri.
Igenzura rihoraho: Mu gihe cyo gusukura, ni ngombwa kandi kugenzura buri gihe niba urunigi rwangiritse cyangwa rwangiritse. Iyo urunigi rumaze kwangirika, kwangirika gukomeye n'ibindi bibazo bigaragaye, rugomba gusimburwa ku gihe kugira ngo harebwe umutekano n'ubuziranenge bw'uburyo bwo gutunganya ibiribwa.

6.2 Ubudahangarwa bw'inkongi
Ubudahangarwa bw'iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zituma ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa. Mu gihe cyo gutunganya ibiribwa, iminyururu ikunze guhura n'ahantu hatandukanye hafite aside, alkaline cyangwa ubushuhe, ibyo bigatuma iminyururu irushaho kudahangarwa n'ubushuhe.

Guhitamo ibikoresho: Iminyururu y'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa 304 cyangwa 316L. Icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa 304 gifite igice kinini cya chromium na nikeli, bigatuma kirwanya ogisijeni na ingese mu duce twinshi. Muri urwo rwego, icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa 316L cyongeramo molybdenum (Mo), irushaho kunoza uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese no kurwanya imyobo, kandi ikwiriye cyane cyane ahantu hakonje, aside na alkaline bikunze gukoreshwa mu gutunganya ibiribwa.

Imikorere nyayo y'ikoreshwa: Mu ikoreshwa nyaryo ry'ibiryo, iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umushongi igaragaza ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika. Urugero, mu matsinda yo gutunganya inyama, aho iminyururu iba mu kirere gishyushye kandi gifite umunyu igihe kirekire, iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umushongi ya Litiro 316 ishobora kurwanya kwangirika neza kandi ikagira ubuzima bw'imyaka myinshi. Mu matsinda yo kuzuza ibinyobwa, aho iminyururu ihura n'ibintu bikomoka kuri aside mu binyobwa, iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umushongi ya Litiro 304 nayo ishobora kuguma ihamye kandi ntizagira ingaruka ku mutekano w'ibiribwa bitewe n'kwangirika.
Ingamba zo kubungabunga: Nubwo iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, hari ingamba zimwe na zimwe zo kubungabunga ziracyakenewe mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha. Kura ingese n'umwanda buri gihe ku buso bw'umunyururu, haba mu buryo bwa shimi cyangwa mu buryo bufatika. Urugero, koresha isuku ivanze n'aside nka vinegere yera cyangwa umutobe w'indimu kugira ngo uyishyire ku ngese, uyireke ihagarare umwanya muto, hanyuma uyisukure n'amazi meza; cyangwa ukoreshe impapuro z'umucanga, uburoso bw'insinga n'ibindi bikoresho byo gukaraba. Byongeye kandi, kugumana ubuso bw'umunyururu bwumutse nabyo ni ingamba y'ingenzi yo kwirinda ingese

Ingaruka ku mutekano w'ibiribwa: Ubudahangarwa bw'iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ntibwongera gusa igihe cyo gukora, ahubwo icy'ingenzi kurushaho, ni ukwizeza umutekano w'ibiribwa. Mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, umunyururu ntuzatanga ingese cyangwa ibindi bintu byangiza bitewe n'ingese, bityo ukirinda kwanduza ibiribwa. Ibi ni ingenzi ku nganda zitunganya ibiribwa, kuko umutekano n'isuku y'ibiribwa ari byo by'ingenzi ku kigo.

7. Kubungabunga no kwita ku minyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese

7.1 Igenzura rihoraho
Igenzura rihoraho ni ingenzi mu kwemeza ko imiyoboro y'ibyuma bitagira umugese ikora neza kandi mu mutekano mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa. Binyuze mu igenzura rihoraho, ibibazo bishobora kubaho kuri iyo miyoboro bishobora kuboneka mu gihe, gucika intege bishobora kwirindwa, igihe cyo kuyikoresha gishobora kongerwa, kandi imikorere isanzwe y'ibikoresho bitunganya ibiribwa ishobora kwemezwa.

Inshuro zo kugenzura: Dukurikije inshuro ibikoresho bitunganya ibiribwa bikoreshwa n'aho bikorera, ni byiza gukora igenzura ryimbitse buri cyumweru cyangwa buri byumweru bibiri. Mu hantu harangwa n'ubushuhe bwinshi, umwanda mwinshi cyangwa ahantu hakoreshwa cyane, igenzura rigomba kongerwa uko bikwiye.
Ibikubiye mu igenzura:
Imiterere y'umunyururu: Reba niba hari ingese, ubusaza, imikurire, ububobere n'ibindi bibazo ku buso bw'umunyururu. Ingese zishobora gutuma imbaraga z'umunyururu zigabanuka, ubusaza bushobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo umunyururu ukwirakwira neza, imikurire n'ububobere bishobora gutuma umunyururu ucika cyangwa ucika, bityo bigatera ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe y'ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibiribwa.

Uburemere bw'umunyururu: Uburemere bw'umunyururu bugomba kuba buringaniye. Uburemere bukabije buzongera uburemere bw'umunyururu, bigatuma umunyururu n'umunyururu birushaho kwangirika; kurekura cyane bishobora gutuma umunyururu usimbuka amenyo cyangwa ukagwa. Muri rusange, uburemere bw'umunyururu bugomba kugenzurwa hagati ya 1% na 2% by'intera yo hagati ya sprocket. Umunyururu ushobora guhindurwa kugira ngo urebe ko umunyururu uremereye neza.
Ibice bihuza umunyururu: Reba niba imigozi ihuza umunyururu, ibyuma bihuza umunyururu n'ibindi bice birekuye, byarashaje cyangwa byarangiritse. Kurekura kw'ibice bihuza umunyururu bishobora gutera guhindagura kudasanzwe cyangwa kugwa k'umunyururu mu gihe cy'imikorere, bigatera ingaruka ku ituze n'umutekano w'ibikoresho bitunganya ibiribwa.
Imiterere y'amenyo: Reba niba amenyo y'amenyo yangiritse, yangiritse cyangwa yangiritse. Gushira kw'amenyo bizagira ingaruka ku buryo umugozi ugenda neza no ku buryo bunoze, ndetse bishobora no gutuma umugozi usimbuka amenyo cyangwa ukavunika. Iyo umugozi ugaragaye ko wangiritse cyane, ugomba gusimbuzwa igihe kugira ngo umugozi ugende neza.
Uburyo bwo kugenzura: Mu gihe cyo kugenzura, ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe by’inyongera nka za grenade magnifying, calipers, na feeler gauges birashobora gukoreshwa. Ikirahuri gikura gishobora gufasha kureba imiyoboro mito no kwangirika ku buso bw'umunyururu; caliper ishobora gupima ubunini bw'umunyururu, ubunini bw'isahani y'umunyururu n'ibindi bipimo kugira ngo imenye niba umunyururu wambaye birenze urugero; feeler gauge ishobora gupima icyuho kiri hagati y'umunyururu n'agace k'umunyururu kugira ngo imenye neza ko umunyururu ugenda neza. Byongeye kandi, imiterere n'ubukana bw'umunyururu bishobora kubanza kugenzurwa hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry'amaso no gukoraho n'intoki.

Kwandika no gusesengura: Nyuma ya buri igenzura, ibisubizo by'igenzura bigomba kwandikwa mu buryo burambuye, harimo imiterere, ubukana, urwego rw'ubusaze, ibibazo byabonetse n'ibipimo byo kuvura umugozi. Mu gusesengura inyandiko z'igenzura, imiterere y'imikoreshereze n'amategeko agenga ubusaze bw'umugozi bishobora gusobanurwa neza, bigatanga ishingiro ryo gushyiraho gahunda ikwiye yo kubungabunga no gusimbuza. Urugero, iyo bigaragaye ko umugozi ukunze kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika ku gice runaka, impamvu ishobora gusesengurwa, nko kuba ifitanye isano n'uburyo ibikoresho bikoreshwa, aho umugozi ushyirwa cyangwa aho ukorera, kugira ngo hafatwe ingamba zijyanye no kunoza.

7.2 Gusiga amavuta no kwirinda ingese
Gusiga amavuta no gukumira ingese ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga. Bishobora kugabanya neza kwangirika k'umunyururu, bikongera igihe cyo gukora k'umunyururu, bikarinda umunyururu kwangirika, kandi bigafasha ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibiribwa gukora neza no kurinda umutekano w'ibiribwa.

Akamaro ko gusiga amavuta: Mu gihe cy'imikorere y'umunyururu w'icyuma kitagira umugese, gusiga amavuta bizaterana hagati y'iminyururu no hagati y'umunyururu n'agace k'umugozi. Gusiga amavuta bishobora kugabanya ingano y'umunyururu no kugabanya kwangirika k'umunyururu. Byongeye kandi, gusiga amavuta bishobora no gukuraho ubushyuhe buterwa n'umunyururu mu gihe cy'imikorere, bikarinda umunyururu kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa, kubera ko umunyururu ukunze guhura n'ibiribwa, ni ngombwa guhitamo amavuta yujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo amavuta yanduze ibiribwa.

Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta:

Gusiga amavuta n'intoki: Ku bikoresho bito cyangwa bike byo gutunganya ibiribwa, amavuta n'intoki ashobora gukoreshwa. Koresha amavuta cyangwa amavuta yo kwisiga mu rwego rwo hejuru kugira ngo ushyire amavuta ku migozi, imigozi, amasahani y'imigozi n'ibindi bice by'umugozi. Mu gihe cyo kuyashyiramo, menya neza ko amavuta akwirakwizwa neza kugira ngo wirinde amavuta adakora neza. Ibyiza byo gusiga amavuta n'intoki ni uko byoroshye kuyakoresha kandi bihendutse, ariko bigomba gukorwa buri gihe, kandi ingaruka zo gusiga amavuta zigira ingaruka cyane ku muntu ukora.

Sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta yikora: Ku bikoresho binini cyangwa bigezweho byo gutunganya ibiribwa, ni byiza gukoresha sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta yikora. Sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta yikora ishobora gutera amavuta ku mugozi mu buryo bwihuse kandi bungana hakurikijwe imiterere y'imikorere y'ibikoresho n'ibikenewe mu gusiga amavuta. Akamaro k'ubu buryo bwo gusiga amavuta ni uko ingaruka zo gusiga amavuta zihoraho kandi zihuye, bishobora kugabanya kwangirika k'umugozi no kunoza imikorere n'ubwizigirwa bw'ibikoresho. Ariko, ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho no kubungabunga sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta yikora ni kinini, kandi imikorere y'isitemu yo gusiga amavuta igomba kugenzurwa buri gihe kugira ngo hamenyekane ko amavuta atangwa neza kandi asurwa neza.

Guhitamo amavuta akoreshwa mu gutunganya ibiribwa: Mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa, ni ngombwa guhitamo amavuta akoreshwa mu kwisiga. Amavuta agomba kubahiriza amahame y’isuku y’ibiribwa, ntagire uburozi, nta mpumuro, kandi ntagire umwanda ku biribwa. Amavuta akoreshwa mu kwisiga akoreshwa mu biribwa asanzwe arimo amavuta akoreshwa mu kwisiga, amavuta, n’amavuta akomeye. Amavuta akoreshwa mu kwisiga afite ubushobozi bwo kwinjira no kwinjira neza, kandi ashobora kwinjira vuba mu bice byose by’umunyururu kugira ngo agabanye kwangirika no kwangirika; amavuta afite ubushobozi bwo gufata no gufunga neza, kandi ashobora gukora agahu gakingira ku buso bw’umunyururu kugira ngo wirinde ko umunyururu wangirika bitewe no gukora ku bidukikije byo hanze; amavuta akomeye nka graphite na molybdenum disulfide ashobora gukoreshwa ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwinshi, umutwaro mwinshi cyangwa hatarimo amavuta, ariko ingaruka zayo zo kwisiga ni mbi cyane kandi akenshi zigomba gukoreshwa hamwe n’andi mavuta. Mu guhitamo amavuta, hagomba kandi kwitabwaho byimbitse ibintu nk’umuvuduko wo gukora, ubushyuhe, n’umutwaro w’umunyururu. Urugero, mu bidukikije hari ubushyuhe bwinshi, amavuta afite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi agomba gutoranywa; Mu bikoresho bikoresha umutwaro mwinshi, amavuta yo kwisiga afite ubushobozi bwo gutwara umutwaro mwinshi agomba gutoranywa

Ingamba zo gukumira ingese:

Gutunganya ubuso: Mu gihe cyo gukora iminyururu, ubuso bw'umunyururu bukunze gutogoshwa neza kugira ngo bunoze imiterere y'umunyururu kandi bugabanye ubukana bw'ubuso bw'umunyururu. Ubuso bworoshye bushobora kugabanya aho umunyururu uhurira n'ibidukikije byo hanze kandi bukagabanya ibyago byo kwangirika k'umunyururu. Byongeye kandi, ubuso bw'umunyururu bushobora no gushyirwaho, nko gupfuka chrome, gupfuka nickel, nibindi, kugira ngo hakorwe firime irinda umunyururu kwangirika. Gupfuka plaque ntibishobora gusa kunoza ubushobozi bw'umunyururu bwo kurwanya kwangirika, ahubwo binanongerera ubwiza bw'umunyururu

Isuku ihoraho: Gusukura ubuso bw'umunyururu ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kugira ngo wirinde ingese. Mu gihe cyo gutunganya ibiribwa, ubuso bw'umunyururu bushobora kwanduzwa n'ibintu nk'amavuta, umukungugu n'ibisigazwa by'ibiribwa. Iyo ibyo bintu bidasukuwe ku gihe, bishobora kororoka bagiteri bigatuma umunyururu ugwa. Kubwibyo, umunyururu ugomba gusukurwa buri gihe n'amazi ashyushye arimo isabune cyangwa isabune yo mu rwego rwo hejuru kugira ngo ukureho imyanda ku buso bw'umunyururu. Nyuma yo gusukura, ugomba kozwa n'amazi meza hanyuma ugahanagurwa n'icyuma cyumisha umusatsi cyangwa igitambaro gisukuye cya kotoni. Gukumisha ubuso bw'umunyururu ni ingenzi mu kwirinda ingese.

Kubika neza: Iyo umugozi udakoreshwa, ugomba kubikwa ahantu humutse, hafite umwuka uhumeka, kandi hatangiza. Irinde ko umugozi uhura n'ubushuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa gazi zangiza, ibyo bikazatera kwangirika k'umugozi. Niba umugozi ukeneye kubikwa igihe kirekire, ushobora gushyira amavuta yo kurwanya ingese ku buso bw'umugozi hanyuma ukawupfunyikaho icyuma cya pulasitiki kugira ngo wirinde ko umugozi wangiza ingese bitewe no guhura n'ikirere cyo hanze.

Ingamba zo kwirinda kubungabungwa:
Irinde gukoresha amavuta akoreshwa mu kwisiga adakwiye: Mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa, birabujijwe cyane gukoresha amavuta akoreshwa mu kwisiga adakoreshwa mu kwisiga. Amavuta akoreshwa mu kwisiga ashobora kuba arimo ibintu byangiza ibiribwa, byangiza ibiribwa kandi bigagira ingaruka ku mutekano w'ibiribwa. Ndetse no mu duce tudakoreshwa mu kwisiga, amavuta akoreshwa mu kwisiga agomba kwirindwa uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo hirindwe ko amavuta anyura cyangwa ngo ajye mu duce dukoreshwa mu kwisiga.
Simbuza iminyururu yashaje ku gihe: Iyo umunyururu washaje cyane, urugero nk'igihe umuvuduko w'umunyururu warenze 3% by'uburebure bw'umwimerere, cyangwa iyo ibyuma by'umunyururu, udupira n'ibindi bice by'umunyururu bigaragara ko byashaje, byangiritse cyangwa byangiritse, umunyururu ugomba gusimburwa ku gihe. Gukomeza gukoresha iminyururu yashaje cyane ntibizagira ingaruka gusa ku mikorere myiza no ku buryo bunoze bw'ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibiribwa, ahubwo bishobora no gutuma umunyururu ucika kandi bigatera impanuka mu mutekano.
Abakora mu gusana: Gusana iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga bigomba gukorwa n'abatekinisiye b'inzobere. Bamaze guhugurwa by'inzobere, bazi imiterere, imikorere n'ibisabwa mu gusana iminyururu, bashobora gusuzuma neza imiterere y'umunyururu, no gufata ingamba zikwiye zo kuwusana. Iyo abatari abanyamwuga bakora isuku, bashobora kwangiza umunyururu cyangwa ibikoresho bitewe n'imikorere idahwitse, cyangwa ndetse bagateza impanuka mu mutekano.