Iminyururu y'imizingoni ingenzi mu buryo butandukanye bwa mekanike, butanga uburyo bwizewe bwo kohereza ingufu ziva ahantu hamwe zijya ahandi. Zikunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa nko mu mashini zo mu nganda, moteri z'imodoka, amagare, na sisitemu zo gutwara ibintu. Gusobanukirwa ibice by'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko ni ingenzi kugira ngo ukore neza kandi urambe. Muri iyi nkuru, tuzasuzuma ibice by'ingenzi by'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko n'imikorere yabyo, dusobanure akamaro ka buri gice ku mikorere rusange y'umunyururu.
Incamake y'umunyururu w'ibizingo
Umunyururu w'umuzunguruko ni umunyururu ugizwe n'urukurikirane rw'iminyururu y'umuzunguruko ifatanye, ubusanzwe ikozwe mu cyuma, ifatanye n'amasahani y'umuzunguruko. Aya masahani y'umuzunguruko nayo ahuzwa n'udupira, bigatuma umunyururu woroha kandi uramba. Akamaro nyamukuru k'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko ni ugutanga imbaraga za mekanike kuva ku muvuduko umwe uzenguruka ujya ku wundi, ubusanzwe mu ntera ndende. Ibi bigerwaho no gupfunyika umunyururu ku gice cy'umuzunguruko, ari cyo gikoresho gihuza n'iminyururu, bigatuma izunguruka kandi igatanga imbaraga.
Ibice bigize umunyururu w'ibizingo
2.1. Umuzingo
Imashini zizunguruka ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi cyane bigize iminyururu izunguruka. Ni igice cy'uruziga kizunguruka iyo umunyururu ufashe imashini. Imashini zizunguruka zigenewe gutanga ubuso bworoshye kugira ngo umunyururu ugende ku gice cy'iminyururu, bityo bigabanya kwangirika no kwangirika. Zifasha kandi kugumana intera ikwiye hagati y'umunyururu n'imashini, bigatuma ingufu zikwirakwira neza. Imashini zizunguruka akenshi zikozwe mu cyuma gikomeye kugira ngo zihangane n'imitwaro myinshi n'imihangayiko ibaho mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa.
2.2. Udupira
Udupira ni ibice by'umuzenguruko bifatanya imigozi n'amasahani y'iminyururu, bigakora imiterere y'umugozi. Bishobora gukururwa cyane no gukatwa, bityo bikaba bigomba gukorwa mu bikoresho bikomeye, nk'icyuma cya alloy. Udupira dushyirwa mu masahani y'imigozi n'amasahani, bigatuma habaho isano yizewe kandi irambye. Gushyira amavuta meza ku mapine ni ngombwa kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika no kwangirika, bityo wongere igihe cyo kubaho k'umugozi.
2.3. Ikibaho cyo guhuza
Amasahani y'iminyururu ni amasahani y'icyuma ahuza iminyururu n'udupira kugira ngo bikore imiterere y'umunyururu woroshye. Ubusanzwe akorwa mu byuma bishyushye kugira ngo bitange imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa bikenewe. Amasahani y'iminyururu afite kandi icyuho n'imyobo kugira ngo iminyururu n'udupira binyuremo, bigatuma umunyururu ubasha guhagarara neza ku dupira. Imiterere n'ubugari bw'amasahani y'iminyururu bigira uruhare runini mu kugena imbaraga rusange n'ubudahangarwa bw'umunyururu.
2.4. Gutera ibihuru
Mu minyururu imwe n'imwe ikoreshwa mu mirimo ikomeye, iminyururu ikoreshwa mu kugabanya kwangirika no kwangirika hagati y'iminyururu n'iminyururu ihuza. Iminyururu ni amaboko y'umuzenguruko ashyirwa ku minyururu itanga ubuso bworoshye kugira ngo iminyururu ihuza ishobore gufatana. Ubusanzwe ikorwa mu muringa cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byisiga kugira ngo bigabanye gukenera amavuta yo hanze. Iminyururu ifasha kunoza kuramba no gukora neza k'umunyururu binyuze mu kugabanya kwangirika ku bice by'ingenzi.
2.5. Sprocket
Nubwo mu by’ukuri atari igice cy’umunyururu w’umuzunguruko ubwawo, iminyururu ni ingenzi mu mikorere yawo. Iminyururu ni ibikoresho bifatanye n’iminyururu y’umuzunguruko, bigatuma izunguruka kandi igatanga imbaraga. Igishushanyo cy’umunyururu n’imiterere y’amenyo bigomba guhuza n’umuvuduko w’umunyururu n’umurambararo w’umuzunguruko kugira ngo byemerwe neza kandi bikore neza. Iminyururu isanzwe ikorwa mu byuma bikomeye cyangwa ibindi bikoresho biramba kugira ngo bihangane n’imbaraga nyinshi n’ingufu zijyanye no kohereza ingufu.
Imikorere y'ibintu by'urunigi rw'imizingo
3.1. Kohereza ingufu
Akamaro k'ingenzi k'umunyururu w'ibizingo ni ugutanga ingufu ziva ku muvuduko umwe zijya ku wundi. Izi zizingo zihuza imiyoboro y'ibizingo, bigatuma umuvuduko ugenda kandi ugatanga ingendo zizenguruka ziva ku muvuduko w'ibizingo zijya ku muvuduko w'ibizingo. Udupira, ibyuma, n'ibizingo bikorana kugira ngo bigumane ubusugire n'ubushobozi bw'umuvuduko, bigatuma ubasha guhagarara neza ku mivuduko y'ibizingo no kohereza ingufu neza.
3.2. Uburyo bwo gutwara imizigo
Iminyururu y'imizingo igenewe kwihanganira imitwaro minini n'imbaraga, bigatuma gutwara imizigo biba ingenzi ku bice byayo. Udupira n'ibice bihuza bigomba kuba bishobora kwihanganira imbaraga zo gukurura no gukata nta guhindagurika cyangwa gucika intege. Udupira kandi dufasha gukwirakwiza imizigo neza mu munyururu, bigagabanya kwangirika no guhangayika. Guhitamo neza ibikoresho no gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'ibice by'imizingo ni ingenzi kugira ngo bishobore kwihanganira imitwaro iremereye.
3.3. Guhuzagurika no gusobanukirwa neza
Ubushobozi bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko ni ingenzi cyane ku bushobozi bwawo bwo gupfunyika uduce dutandukanye tw'umuzunguruko no gufata imiyoboro itandukanye. Iminyururu n'udupira bituma umunyururu ufata neza kugira ngo uhuze intera iri hagati y'imiyoboro itwara n'itwarwa. Iminyururu kandi itanga ubuso bworoshye kugira ngo umunyururu ugende ku duce duto, bityo wongere ubushobozi bw'umunyururu. Gushyira amavuta no kubungabunga neza ni ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga uburyo umunyururu ufata neza.
3.4. Gabanya kwangirika no guhindagurika kw'ibintu
Ibintu bigize iminyururu izunguruka byagenewe kugabanya kwangirika no gukururana, bigamije kwemeza ko ikora neza kandi irambye. Iminyururu n'udukingirizo bitanga ubuso bworoshye kugira ngo umunyururu ushobore gukwirakwira ku duce duto, bigabanye gukururana no kwangirika. Gusiga neza ibintu by'umunyururu ni ingenzi kugira ngo ukururukana gukomeze kugabanuka no gukumira kwangirika vuba. Byongeye kandi, guhitamo ibikoresho no gutunganya ubuso bw'ibice by'umunyururu nabyo bigira uruhare runini mu kugabanya kwangirika no kongera igihe cyo gukora cy'umunyururu.
Kubungabunga no kwita ku bintu
Kubungabunga no kubungabunga neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo umunyururu wawe urambe kandi ukore neza. Gushyira amavuta ku bintu by'umunyururu buri gihe ni ingenzi kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika no kwangirika. Ni byiza gukoresha amavuta meza ajyanye n'ibikoresho by'umunyururu. Gusuzuma ibimenyetso by'uko umunyururu wangiritse, warambitse, cyangwa wangiritse ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane ibibazo bishobora kubaho mbere yuko bitera kwangirika k'umunyururu. Guhagarara neza k'umunyururu no guhuza neza imiyoboro nabyo ni ingenzi mu gukumira kwangirika vuba no kwemeza ko imikorere igenda neza.
Muri make, iminyururu y'imizingo ni ingenzi mu buryo butandukanye bwa mekanike, itanga uburyo bwo kohereza ingufu neza kandi bwizewe. Gusobanukirwa ibintu bigize umunyururu w'imizingo n'imikorere yabyo ni ingenzi cyane mu kwemeza ko ibi bice by'ingenzi bikozwe neza, imikorere n'isukurwa. Mu kwibanda ku minyururu, imigozi, ibyuma, ibyuma n'udupira hamwe n'imirimo yabyo, abahanga mu by'ubuziranenge bashobora kunoza imikorere n'ubuzima bw'iminyururu y'imizingo mu buryo butandukanye. Guhitamo neza ibikoresho, gushyira amavuta no kubungabunga ni ingenzi mu kongera ubuzima n'imikorere myiza y'umunyururu w'imizingo, amaherezo bigafasha mu mikorere myiza kandi yizewe ya sisitemu igizemo uruhare.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-09-2024