Akamaro k'iminyururu izunguruka

Mu rwego runini rw’ubuhanga mu by’imashini n’inganda, ibice bimwe na bimwe bikunze kwirengagizwa nubwo bigira uruhare runini. Iminyururu y’imizingo ni imwe mu ntwari zidakunze kwishimirwa. Izi mashini zisa n’aho zoroshye zihuza imiyoboro n’imizingo ni ishingiro ry’imashini n’ibikoresho byinshi bikoreraho. Kuva ku magare kugeza ku mikandara yo gutwara ibintu, kuva ku bikoresho by’ubuhinzi kugeza kuri moteri z’imodoka,iminyururu y'ibizingoni ngombwa cyane. Iyi blog igenzura akamaro k'iminyururu izunguruka, isesengura amateka yayo, imiterere yayo, ikoreshwa ryayo n'amahirwe yayo y'ejo hazaza.

Amateka magufi y'iminyururu izunguruka

Igitekerezo cy'iminyururu izunguruka cyatangiye mu kinyejana cya 19. Umunyururu wa mbere w'iminyururu wavumbuwe na Hans Renold mu 1880. Igishushanyo cya Renold cyari gishya kuko cyatangaga uburyo bwizewe kandi bunoze bwo kohereza imbaraga za mekanike. Mbere y'uko iminyururu izunguruka iboneka, imashini zakoreshaga uburyo budakora neza nko kuzirika imikandara n'imigozi, byashoboraga kunyerera no gusaza.

Iminyururu ya Renold ifite urukurikirane rw'iminyururu izunguruka ihujwe n'iminyururu yo ku ruhande. Iyi miterere igabanya kwangirika no kwangirika, bigatuma habaho kohereza ingufu neza kandi neza. Imiterere y'ibanze y'iminyururu izunguruka yakomeje guhinduka mu myaka yashize, ibi bikaba ari ikimenyetso cy'uko ikora neza kandi yizewe.

Imiterere y'umunyururu uzunguruka

Kugira ngo umuntu asobanukirwe akamaro k'iminyururu y'urudodo, agomba kumenya neza imiterere yayo y'ibanze. Umunyururu usanzwe w'urudodo ugizwe n'ibi bikurikira:

1. Umuzingo: Igice cy'uruziga kizenguruka impande z'umugozi kugira ngo kigabanye ukutumvikana hagati y'umunyururu n'agace k'umugozi.
2. Pin: Inkoni y'uruziga ihuza amasahani y'imbere n'iy'inyuma, ituma umuzenguruko uzenguruka neza.
3. Isahani y'imbere: Isahani y'icyuma irambuye ifata imigozi n'udupira mu mwanya wayo.
4. Isahani yo hanze: Isa n'isahani y'imbere, ariko iherereye inyuma y'umunyururu, itanga imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa byiyongera.
5. Igihuru: Igice cy'uruziga gishyirwa hagati y'agapira n'umuzingo kugira ngo kigabanye gukururana no kwangirika.

Uruvange rw'ibi bice rutuma habaho urunigi rworoshye ariko rukomeye rutanga ingufu neza kandi mu buryo bwizewe.

Gukoresha umunyururu uzunguruka

Iminyururu ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye cyane kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye. Dore zimwe mu ngaruka zikunze gukoreshwa:

1. Igare

Imwe mu mikorere ikunze gukoreshwa ku minyururu izunguruka ni ku magare. Umunyururu wohereza ingufu kuva kuri pedali ujya ku ruziga rw'inyuma, bigatuma umugenzi ashobora gutwara igare imbere. Imikorere myiza n'ubwizerwe bw'iminyururu izunguruka bituma iba nziza kuri iyi mikorere, bigatuma ingufu zikwirakwira neza kandi zihoraho.

2. Inganda z'imodoka

Mu nganda z'imodoka, iminyururu ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, harimo n'iminyururu ikoresha igihe muri moteri. Umunyururu ukoresha igihe uhuza uburyo crankshaft na camshaft zizenguruka, bigatuma valve za moteri zifunguka kandi zigafunga mu gihe gikwiye. Uku gihe nyacyo ni ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere ya moteri no kuyikoresha neza.

3. Sisitemu yo gutwara ibintu

Iminyururu ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu zo gutwara ibintu, ikaba ari ingenzi mu gucunga ibikoresho mu nganda nko mu nganda, mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho. Iminyururu itwara ibintu itwara ibintu n'ibikoresho mu buryo bujyanye n'umusaruro, bigabanyiriza akazi gakenewe mu maboko no kongera imikorere.

4. Imashini z'ubuhinzi

Mu buhinzi, iminyururu ikoreshwa mu bikoresho nko mu mashini zitunganya umusaruro, mu byuma bitunganya amatarakiteri, no mu byuma bitunganya amatarakiteri. Izi mashini zikoresha iminyururu itunganya amatarakiteri kugira ngo zohereze ingufu kandi zikore imirimo itandukanye, kuva mu gusarura imyaka kugeza mu gusarura ibyatsi. Kuba iminyururu ikora neza kandi yizewe bituma ikoreshwa neza mu gihe cy’ubuhinzi.

5. Imashini zo mu nganda

Ubwoko bwinshi bw'imashini zikora mu nganda, harimo imashini zicapa, imashini zipakira n'ibikoresho by'imyenda, zikoresha iminyururu ikora mu kohereza ingufu. Ubushobozi bw'iminyururu ikora mu gutwara imizigo myinshi no gukorera ahantu habi butuma iba ingenzi muri ubu buryo.

Ibyiza by'umunyururu w'ibizingo

Gukoresha iminyururu izunguruka cyane bishobora guterwa n'inyungu nyinshi z'ingenzi:

1. Gukora neza

Iminyururu y'imizingo yohereza ingufu neza cyane. Igikorwa cyo kuzingurura cy'umuzingo kigabanya gukururana, kikagabanya igihombo cy'ingufu kandi kikagenzura ko ingufu nyinshi zinjiye zijya mu musaruro.

2. Kuramba

Iminyururu y'imizingo igenewe kwihanganira imitwaro iremereye n'ibihe bikomeye. Gukoresha ibikoresho byiza n'uburyo bwo gukora neza bituma iminyururu y'imizingo iramba ndetse no mu bikorwa bigoye.

3. KUBAHO MU BURYO BUHINDUKA

Iminyururu ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, kuva ku mirimo yoroheje kugeza ku mirimo ikomeye y’inganda. Uburyo ikora neza butuma iba igisubizo gihendutse ku bwoko butandukanye bw’imashini.

4. Byoroshye kubungabunga

Kubungabunga iminyururu izunguruka biroroshye cyane. Gushyira amavuta buri gihe no kugenzura buri gihe bifasha kongera igihe cy'iminyururu yawe no kwemeza ko ikora neza. Byongeye kandi, ibice byangiritse cyangwa byashaje bishobora gusimbuzwa byoroshye, bigagabanya igihe cyo kudakora neza n'amafaranga yo kubungabunga.

5. Igishushanyo mbonera gito

Iminyururu izunguruka itanga uburyo bwo kohereza ingufu buciriritse kandi buzigama umwanya. Imiterere yayo ituma ingufu zoherezwa mu ntera ndende nta gukenera ibice binini, bigatuma ziba nziza cyane mu kuzikoresha aho umwanya ari muto.

Imbogamizi n'ibiteganyijwe mu gihe kizaza

Nubwo iminyururu izunguruka itanga ibyiza byinshi, nayo ifite imbogamizi. Kimwe mu bibazo by'ingenzi ni ukwangirika no kunanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita. Uko iminyururu ikora, imisumari n'uduti bishobora kwangirika, bigatuma habaho gucika intege no kugabanuka k'ubushobozi. Kubungabunga buri gihe no kwisiga neza ni ingenzi mu kugabanya ibi bibazo.

Mu gihe kiri imbere, iterambere mu bikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda ryitezweho kunoza imikorere y'umunyururu w'amapine n'ubuzima bwawo. Urugero, iterambere ry'ibyuma bikomeye n'amabara agezweho bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kwangirika no kuramba kw'iminyururu y'amapine. Byongeye kandi, guhuza ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'uburyo bwo gukurikirana bishobora gutanga amakuru y'igihe nyacyo ku miterere y'umunyururu, bigafasha kubungabunga mbere y'igihe no kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika bitunguranye.

mu gusoza

Akamaro k'iminyururu izunguruka mu mashini zigezweho ntikagombye gukabya. Ibi bice byoroheje bigira uruhare runini mu mikorere myiza kandi yizewe y'imashini n'ibikoresho byinshi mu nganda zitandukanye. Kuva ku magare kugeza ku mashini z'inganda, iminyururu izunguruka itanga uburyo bwo kohereza imbaraga burambye kandi bunoze.

Uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere, ahazaza h’iminyururu izunguruka isa n’aho ari heza. Udushya mu bikoresho, inganda n’uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibintu bizarushaho kunoza imikorere yabyo no kwizerwa, bitume iminyururu izunguruka ikomeza kuba inkingi y’ingenzi mu buhanga mu by’imashini mu myaka iri imbere. Waba ugenda ku igare, utwara imodoka cyangwa ukora mu ruganda, fata umwanya wo kwishimira umunyururu uzunguruka n’uruhare rwawo rukomeye mu isi ya none.