Akamaro k'ubuzima bw'iminyururu izunguruka ugereranije n'imikandara itwara imizigo

Akamaro k'ubuzima bw'iminyururu izunguruka ugereranije n'imikandara itwara imizigo

Mu musaruro w’inganda ku isi, ihererekanya ry’ibikoresho, n’ibindi bihe bitandukanye byo kohereza ingufu, ituze n’igihe cy’imikorere y’ibikoresho bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere myiza y’ibikoresho, ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga, no gukomeza gukora. Iminyururu y’imikandara n’imikandara, nk’uburyo bubiri bukoreshwa cyane mu kohereza ibikoresho, byagiye biba intego nyamukuru yo kugereranya mu guhitamo inganda. Muri ibyo, inyungu ikomeye y’igihe cy’imikorere y’imikandara y’imikandara ituma iba amahitamo meza ku bintu bifite ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo byiringire kandi birambe—iyi nyungu si impanuka, ahubwo ikomoka ku nyungu zihuriweho z’imiterere y’ibikoresho, imiterere y’inyubako, no guhuza imiterere y’imikorere itandukanye.

I. Ibikoresho n'Inzira: Ishingiro ry'Indangagaciro zo Kuramba mu Buryo Burebure

Igihe cyo kumara kw'ibice by'amashanyarazi gishingiye ahanini ku bwiza bw'ibikoresho n'igihe ikoranabuhanga ryo kubitunganya rimaze. Iminyururu isanzwe ikorwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gikomeye cya alloy, icyuma kitagira umugese, n'ibindi bikoresho by'icyuma byiza. Hari ibicuruzwa bikorerwa mu buryo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe neza (nk'ubushyuhe, kuzimya, no gushyushya), bubahiriza cyane amahame mpuzamahanga nka DIN na ANSI, bigenzura ko ibice by'ingenzi nk'iminyururu, iminyururu, na bushings bifite ubushobozi bwo kudashira neza, kudacika intege, no kudashwanyagurika.

Mu buryo bunyuranye, imikandara y'imikandara ikorwa ahanini muri polymer nka rubber na polyurethane. Nubwo iyo ikoreshejwe fibre reinforcement layers, ishobora gusaza mu gihe ikoreshwa igihe kirekire. Kubera ingaruka z'ibidukikije karemano, imikandara ikunda gucika, gukomera no kwangirika kwa pulasitiki, cyane cyane mu bidukikije bifite impinduka z'ubushyuhe, imirasire ya UV, cyangwa gukorana n'ibinyabutabire, aho kwangirika kw'ibintu byihuta cyane, bigatuma igihe cyo kubaho cyabyo kigabanuka. Ku rundi ruhande, iminyururu ikora mu byuma kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kudahinduka cyane. Ihujwe n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutunganya ubuso (nk'ingufu zirinda amashanyarazi no kwirabura), irwanya ingese iterwa n'ubushuhe, aside na alkali, bigatuma igihe cyo kuyikoresha kirushaho kuba cyiza.

II. Imiterere y'inyubako: Guhindagurika kw'imizingo ugereranije no Gukwirakwira kw'imizingo – Itandukaniro mu kwangirika riragaragara Ihame ry'imiterere y'uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu rigena mu buryo butaziguye igipimo cyo kwangirika kw'ibice bigize insinga, ari na imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zituma iminyururu iramba.

Iminyururu y'imizingo ikoresha imiterere y' "ihuza rikomeye + ihindagurika ry'imizingo": ihererekanya rigerwaho hagati y'iminyururu binyuze mu bufatanye bw'imizinguru n'imizingo. Mu gihe cyo kugenda, ihindagurika ry'imizingo ni bwo buryo bw'ibanze, bigatuma habaho ihindagurika rito no kwangirika gukomeye. Ubu buryo bugabanya igihombo cy'imizingo hagati y'ibice. Nubwo haba hari imikorere y'igihe kirekire kandi ikora inshuro nyinshi, ihindagurika ry'imizingo y'imizingo riratinda, kandi inzira yo kwangirika ishobora gutinda kurushaho binyuze mu gusiga amavuta buri gihe. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y'imizinguru y'imizinguruko ifite imirongo ibiri cyangwa imirongo myinshi (nk'umuzinguruko wa 12B ufite imirongo ibiri) ikwirakwiza umutwaro ku buryo bungana mu miyoboro myinshi, ikarinda kwangirika vuba guterwa n'umuvuduko ukabije w'aho hantu kandi ikarushaho kongera igihe cyo gukora muri rusange.

Ku rundi ruhande, imikandara y'imikandara ikoresha "transmission flexible friction," aho ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi rigerwaho binyuze mu gukururana hagati y'umukandara n'imikandara. Mu gihe kirekire, gukururana guhoraho hagati y'umukandara n'imikandara bituma ubuso bw'umukandara bushira kandi bugashonga. Muri icyo gihe, imigozi y'umukandara irananirwa buhoro buhoro, bigatuma igabanuka bidasubirwaho. Iyo umukandara urenze urugero rw'imiterere, ntabwo bigira ingaruka gusa ku buryo bwo gukwirakwiza neza ahubwo binatuma umukandara unyerera bitewe no kudakomeza gukururana, bikongera kwihutisha kwangirika no kwangirika kw'umukandara, bigatuma ubuzima bwawo bugabanuka cyane.

III. Guhuza n'Imiterere y'Umurimo: Igihe cy'Ubuzima Guhangana n'Ibidukikije Bikomeye Gukoresha imashini n'inganda mu gutunganya no gukoresha ibikoresho birimo ibintu bigoye kandi bitandukanye. Imiterere mibi y'imikorere nk'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushuhe, ivumbi, n'ingaruka zikomeye ku mitwaro iremereye ni imbogamizi ikomeye ku gihe cy'ibikoresho byo gutwara. Ariko, iminyururu izunguruka igaragaza ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ibihe no kwihanganira igihe cy'ubuzima muri ibi bidukikije.

Mu bidukikije bishyuha cyane (nk'ibikoresho by'ibyuma n'imirongo ikora ibyuma), ibikoresho by'icyuma byo mu miyoboro y'ibyuma bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi (imwe mu miterere idashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 200℃) idahuye n'ubushyuhe, ipfukirana, cyangwa igabanuka ritunguranye ry'imbaraga nk'imikandara. Mu bidukikije bitose, byuzuyemo ivumbi, cyangwa hanze (nk'imashini z'ubuhinzi n'ibikoresho byo mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro), igishushanyo mbonera cy'icyuma cyo mu miyoboro y'ibyuma birwanya isuri n'ivumbi ryinjira neza, bikarinda ingese cyangwa kwangirika vuba. Ku rundi ruhande, imikandara ikunze kwangirika no kwangirika mu bidukikije bitose, kandi mu bidukikije bitose, gushyiramo ivumbi bitera igihombo gikomeye. Mu bidukikije biremereye cyangwa biremereye (nk'imashini ziremereye n'imiyoboro y'ibikoresho bitanga serivisi no kuzimya), imiterere ikomeye n'ibikoresho bikomeye byo mu miyoboro y'ibyuma bishobora kwihanganira ingaruka z'ako kanya, hamwe no kohereza imizigo hagati y'imiyoboro, bigagabanya ibyago byo kwangirika mu gace runaka. Ariko, imikandara ikunze kunyerera no guhinduka bitewe n'imitwaro iremereye, kandi ishobora no gusenyuka bitewe n'imbaraga nyinshi z'ako kanya, bigatuma igihe cyo kubaho kigufi cyane kandi imikorere yayo ikaba idahamye ugereranije n'imiyoboro y'ibyuma.

IV. Ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga n'igihe cyo kubaho: Ibyiza by'ubukungu byo gukoresha igihe kirekire

Uretse igihe kirekire cyo gukora, koroshya kubungabunga no kuramba kw'iminyururu izunguruka birushaho kongera agaciro kabyo mu gihe kirekire.

Gusana iminyururu y'umugozi biroroshye kandi bikora neza, bisaba gusa amavuta asanzwe (kongeraho amavuta y'umugozi), kugenzura ubukana bw'iminyururu, no guhindura ku gihe kugira ngo bitinde kwangirika no kongera igihe cyo kubaho. Nubwo iminyururu imwe n'imwe yangirika, ishobora gusimburwa ukwayo cyangwa uburebure bw'umugozi bugahindurwa, bigatuma habura igihe cyo kuyisimbura burundu kandi bigabanura cyane ikiguzi cyo kuyisana n'igihe cyo kuyisana. Ku rundi ruhande, iminyururu y'umugozi ifite ikiguzi cyo kuyisana kiri hejuru: iyo umugozi ucitse, ukaguka, cyangwa ugasaza, ugomba gusimburwa burundu. Uburyo bwo kuyisimbuza busaba guhindura intera hagati y'iminyururu n'ubukana bw'iminyururu, byongera ikiguzi cy'ibice bisimbura kandi bigatera igihe kirekire cyo kudakora neza kw'ibikoresho, bigira ingaruka ku musaruro.

Ku bijyanye n'igihe cyo kubaho, mu gihe kimwe cyo gukora, igihe cyo gukora cy'umunyururu w'imashini zizunguruka ubusanzwe kiba inshuro 2-3 z'umukandara usanzwe, cyangwa ndetse kirenzeho. Urugero, mu nganda zitwara imizigo, iminyururu y'imashini zizunguruka nziza ishobora gukora neza mu gihe cy'imyaka 3-5, mu gihe iminyururu y'imikandara ikunze gukenera gusimburwa buri mezi 6-12. Mu bidukikije bikomeye byo hanze nko mu mashini z'ubuhinzi, iminyururu y'imashini zizunguruka ishobora kumara imyaka 2-4, mu gihe imikandara ishobora gukenera gusimburwa buri mezi 3-6. Iri tandukaniro mu gihe cyo kubaho ntirituma gusa habaho gusimburwa guke cyane ahubwo rinagabanya igihe cyo kudakora neza gitunguranye bitewe n'ingaruka mbi z'ibice byo kohereza, bigatuma abakoresha babona inyungu nyinshi mu bukungu.

Umwanzuro: Kwizerwa kwa Transmission Nyuma y'Ibyiza by'Indangagaciro z'Indangagaciro z'Indangagaciro
Impamvu iminyururu y'imizingo irenga imiyoboro y'imikandara mu gihe cy'ubuzima bwayo, ahanini ni intsinzi yuzuye y'ibikoresho, imiterere, no kwihuza n'imimerere y'imikorere. Ubudahangarwa bw'ibikoresho byayo by'icyuma, imiterere yabyo yo gukururana idasaza neza, kwihanganira cyane ibidukikije bikomeye, no koroherwa no kubungabungwa, byose bigira uruhare mu kumara igihe kirekire bikoreshwa kandi bigakorwa neza.

Ku bakoresha inganda ku isi yose bashaka ko serivisi zikwirakwira mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga ziyongera kandi zigabanye ikiguzi cyo kuzikoresha mu gihe kirekire, inyungu yo kubaho kw’iminyururu izunguruka ntisobanura gusa ko ibikoresho bisigaye bigabanuka kandi ntibikore neza, ahubwo binatanga icyizere cy’ibanze cyo gukora neza no mu buryo buhoraho ibikoresho. Haba mu nganda zikora, mu mashini zihinga, mu modoka zitwara amapikipiki, cyangwa mu mashini ziremereye, iminyururu izunguruka, ifite igihe cyo kubaho cyiza, yabaye igisubizo cyiza cyo guhitamo sisitemu yo gutwara amapine.