Ingaruka z'amazi azimya polymer ku mikorere y'uruhererekane rw'imizingo

Ingaruka z'amazi azimya polymer ku mikorere y'uruhererekane rw'imizingo
Mu rwego rw'inganda,umunyururu w'ibizingoni igice cy'ingenzi cyo kohereza amakuru, kandi imikorere yacyo ifitanye isano itaziguye n'imikorere myiza n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibikoresho bya mekanike. Nk'ihuriro ry'ingenzi ryo kunoza imikorere y'umunyururu w'urukiramende, guhitamo no gukoresha amazi azimya mu gikorwa cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe bigira uruhare runini. Nk'uburyo busanzwe bwo kuzimya, amazi azimya polymer agenda akoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma mu buryo bwimbitse uburyo amazi azimya polymer agira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umunyururu w'urukiramende.

1. Ibikoresho n'ibisabwa by'ibanze mu mikorere y'umunyururu uzunguruka
Ubusanzwe umugozi w'imizingo ukorwa mu byuma bya karuboni, ibyuma bya alloy n'ibindi bikoresho. Nyuma yo gutunganya no gukora, ibi bikoresho bigomba gushyushwa kugira ngo birusheho gukomera, kudashira, kudacika intege n'ibindi bintu kugira ngo bihuze n'ibisabwa mu mikorere itandukanye. Urugero, muri sisitemu zo kohereza imizigo zihuta cyane kandi ziremereye, imiyoboro y'imizingo igomba kugira imbaraga n'ubukana bwinshi kugira ngo ihangane n'imbaraga zikomeye; mu bikoresho bimwe na bimwe bitangira kandi bigahagarara kenshi, ubushobozi bwo kudacika intege bushobora gutuma imiyoboro y'imizingo ikora neza.

2. Incamake y'amazi azima ya polymer
Ikiyiko cyo kuzimya polymeri gikozwe muri polymer yihariye ya polyether non-ionic high molecular polymer (PAG) hamwe n'inyongera ishobora kubona izindi nshingano z'inyongera hamwe n'ingano ikwiye y'amazi. Ugereranyije n'amavuta n'amazi bisanzwe byo kuzimya polymeri, ikiyiko cyo kuzimya polymeri gifite ibyiza byinshi nko kwihuta gukonjesha, kurengera ibidukikije, no kugabanuka kw'ikoreshwa. Imiterere yacyo yo gukonjesha iri hagati y'amazi n'amavuta, kandi gishobora kugenzura neza umuvuduko wo gukonjesha mu gihe cyo kuzimya igikoresho, kikagabanya imihindagurikire n'uburyo igikoresho gikonjesha gihinduka.

3. Ingaruka z'amazi azimya polymer ku mikorere y'umunyururu uzunguruka
(I) Ubukomere n'imbaraga
Iyo umugozi w'umuzingo upfutse mu mazi azimya polymer, polymer iri mu mazi azimya polymer irashonga ku bushyuhe bwinshi igashyiraho irangi ryuzuye amazi ku buso bw'umugozi. Iri rirangi rishobora guhindura umuvuduko wo gukonjesha w'umugozi ku buryo umuvuduko wo gukonjesha mu gipimo cyo guhinduka kwa martensitic uba uringaniye, bityo imiterere ya martensitic iba ingana kandi ikwiye. Ugereranyije no kuzimya amazi, amazi azimya polymer ashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wo gukonjesha, akagabanya umuvuduko wo kuzimya, kandi akirinda kuzimya imiyoboro iterwa n'umuvuduko ukabije wo gukonjesha w'umugozi; ugereranije no kuzimya amavuta, umuvuduko wayo wo gukonjesha ni wo wihuta cyane, kandi ushobora kugira ubukana n'imbaraga byinshi. Urugero, ubukana bw'umugozi uzimya polymer upfutse hamwe n'amazi azimya polymer ashobora kugera kuri HRC30-HRC40. Ugereranyije n'umugozi utarapfutse cyangwa ukoresha ubundi buryo bwo kuzimya, ubukana n'imbaraga birarushaho kwiyongera, bityo bikongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara no kudashira kw'umugozi.
(II) Ubudahangarwa bw'imyenda
Ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika ni garanti y'ingenzi ku mikorere isanzwe y'umunyururu w'urukiramende. Filimi ya polymer ikorwa n'amazi yo kuzimya polymer ku buso bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende ntishobora gusa guhindura umuvuduko wo gukonjesha, ahubwo inagabanya oxidation na decarburizing by'umunyururu w'urukiramende mu gihe cyo kuzimya ku rugero runaka, kandi igakomeza imikorere y'icyuma n'ubusugire bw'ubuso bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende. Mu ikoreshwa rikurikira, ubukana bw'ubuso bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende upfutse hamwe n'amazi yo kuzimya polymer buba bwinshi, bushobora kurwanya neza gushwanyagurika no kwangirika hagati y'umunyururu n'isahani y'umunyururu, pin shaft n'ibindi bice, kandi bwongere igihe cy'umurimo w'umunyururu w'urukiramende. Muri icyo gihe, ikwirakwizwa ry'imiterere y'urukiramende isanzwe rifasha kunoza uburyo umunyururu w'urukiramende upfutse, kugira ngo ukomeze kugumana ubuziranenge bwiza bwo kohereza no gukora neza mu gihe kirekire.
(III) Kurwanya umunaniro
Mu mikorere nyayo, iminyururu ikunze guhura n’ibibazo byo kunama kenshi no gukurura umuvuduko, ibyo bikaba bisaba ko iminyururu ikora neza kugira ngo igire ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’umuruho. Ikiyiko cyo kuzimya polymer gishobora kugabanya umuvuduko usigaye mu munyururu igenzura uburyo imiruho ​​ikwirakwira mu gihe cyo gukonjesha, bityo bikanongera imbaraga z’umuruho w’iminyururu. Kubaho kw’umuruho usigaye bizagira ingaruka ku gutangira kwangirika kw’umuruho no kwaguka kw’umuruho w’iminyururu munsi y’umutwaro uhoraho, kandi gukoresha neza ikiyiko cyo kuzimya polymer bishobora kunoza imiterere y’umuruho w’iminyururu, ku buryo ushobora kwihanganira imikorere myinshi nta kwangirika kw’umuruho iyo uhuye n’umuvuduko usimburana. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwagaragaje ko igihe cyo kuvunika kw’iminyururu ikora hakoreshejwe ikiyiko cyo kuzimya polymer mu bizamini by’umuruho gishobora kongerwa inshuro nyinshi cyangwa ndetse n’inshuro nyinshi ugereranije n’iminyururu ikora, ibi bikaba bifite akamaro kanini mu kunoza uburyo ibikoresho bya mekanike byizewe no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga.
(IV) Guhagarara kw'ibipimo
Mu gihe cyo kuzimya, imiterere y’umunyururu w’urukiramende izaterwa n’ibintu byinshi nko gukonjesha no kuzimya. Kubera ko igipimo cyo gukonjesha cy’umunyururu w’urukiramende usanzwe kandi uhinduka, gishobora kugabanya neza ubushyuhe n’imikurire y’umunyururu w’urukiramende mu gihe cyo kuzimya, bityo bikanoza imiterere y’umunyururu w’urukiramende. Ugereranyije no kuzimya amazi, umunyururu w’urukiramende urashobora kugabanya imiterere y’umunyururu w’urukiramende no kugabanya imirimo yo gukosora imashini; ugereranije no kuzimya amavuta, igipimo cyawo cyo gukonjesha kirihuta, bishobora kongera ubukana n’imbaraga by’umunyururu w’urukiramende mu rwego rwo kwemeza ko imiterere y’umunyururu ihamye. Ibi bituma umunyururu w’urukiramende wuzuza neza ibisabwa mu bunini bw’igishushanyo nyuma yo kuzimya n’umunyururu w’urukiramende, kunoza uburyo bwo guteranya no kohereza, no kwemeza imikorere isanzwe y’ibikoresho bya mashini.

4. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amazi azima ya polymer ku mugozi w'uruhererekane
(I) Kuzimya urugero rw'amazi
Ubucucike bw'amazi azima ya polymer ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere yayo yo gukonjesha no ku mikorere yo kuzimya imiyoboro y'amapine. Muri rusange, uko amazi azima yiyongera, ni ko polymer irushaho kuba nyinshi, ni ko irangi rirushaho kuba rinini, kandi ni ko umuvuduko wo gukonjesha ugenda ugabanuka. Imiyoboro y'amapine y'ibikoresho bitandukanye n'ibipimo bigomba guhitamo ubucucike bw'amazi azima kugira ngo bigere ku mikorere myiza yo kuzimya. Urugero, kuri zimwe mu miyoboro mito yoroheje y'amapine y'amapine, ubucucike buke bw'amazi azima ya polymer, nka 3%-8%, bushobora gukoreshwa; mu gihe ku miyoboro minini y'amapine ...
(II) Ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya
Ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya bufite ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y'umunyururu w'urukiramende. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo kuzimya bushobora gutuma uduce twa austenite turi mu munyururu w'urukiramende dukura, ariko kandi biroroshye gutuma ubukana n'ubukomere nyuma yo kuzimya bigabanuka, byongera ibyago byo kuzimya imiyoboro; niba ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya buri hasi cyane, ubukana buhagije n'imiterere ya martensitic bishobora kutagira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umunyururu w'urukiramende. Ku bipimo bitandukanye by'icyuma n'umunyururu w'urukiramende, ni ngombwa kugena urwego rw'ubushyuhe bukwiye bwo kuzimya hakurikijwe imiterere y'ibikoresho n'ibisabwa mu mikorere. Muri rusange, ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende rw'icyuma cya karuboni buri hagati ya 800℃ -900℃, mu gihe ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende rw'icyuma cya alloy buri hejuru gato, akenshi hagati ya 850℃ -950℃. Mu mikorere yo kuzimya, ubushyuhe bungana n'ubuziranenge bw'ubushyuhe bugomba kugenzurwa cyane kugira ngo hirindwe itandukaniro mu mikorere y'umunyururu w'urukiramende bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.
(III) Gutembera no kuvanga igikoresho gikonjesha
Mu gihe cyo kuzimya, kuzenguruka no gukurura igikoresho gikonjesha bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo ubushyuhe bugenda neza hagati y’amazi azimya polymer n’umunyururu w’umuzingo. Kuzenguruka neza no gukurura bishobora gutuma amazi azimya ahura neza n’ubuso bw’umunyururu w’umuzingo, kwihutisha kohereza ubushyuhe, no kunoza umuvuduko w’umunyururu w’umuzingo. Iyo amazi azimya amashanyarazi adatemba neza, ubushyuhe bw’amazi azimya amashanyarazi mu gace kaho bwiyongera cyane, ibyo bigatuma umuvuduko w’ubukonje udahindagurika mu bice bitandukanye by’umunyururu w’umuzingo, bigatera stress nyinshi no guhinduka kw’amazi. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo gushushanya no gukoresha ikigega cyo kuzimya amashanyarazi, hagomba gushyirwaho uburyo bukwiye bwo kuzimya amashanyarazi kugira ngo hamenyekane ko imiterere y’amazi azimya amashanyarazi ari myiza kandi hagashyirwaho uburyo bwiza bwo kuzimya amashanyarazi nk’uko bisanzwe.
(IV) Imiterere y'ubuso bw'umunyururu uzunguruka
Imiterere y'ubuso bw'umunyururu uzunguruka izagira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo gukonjesha no ku mikorere ya nyuma y'umunyururu uzunguruka. Urugero, niba hari imyanda nka peteroli, ibyuma, igipimo, nibindi ku buso bw'umunyururu uzunguruka, bizagira ingaruka ku miterere n'imifatanire ya polimeri, bigabanye imikorere yo gukonjesha kw'umunyururu uzunguruka, kandi bigatera ubukana butaringaniye bwo gukonjesha cyangwa gucika kw'imivuniko. Kubwibyo, mbere yo gukanika, ubuso bw'umunyururu uzunguruka bugomba gusukurwa neza kugira ngo ubuso bwawo bube bwiza kandi budafite inenge nk'amavuta n'igipimo, kugira ngo hamenyekane ko umunyururu uzunguruka ushobora kugira uruhare runini mu gukonjesha no kunoza ubwiza bw'umunyururu uzunguruka.
(V) Gukoresha inyongeramusaruro
Kugira ngo harusheho kunozwa imikorere y'amazi azimya polymer no kunoza ingaruka zo kuzimya z'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko, hari ubwo inyongeramusaruro zidasanzwe zongerwa ku mazi azimya. Urugero, kongeramo inyongeramusaruro zishobora gukumira umunyururu w'umuzunguruko kugira ngo udacika nyuma yo kuzimya no kongera igihe cyo gukora; kongeramo inyongeramusaruro bishobora kugabanya ifuro ryakozwe mu gihe cyo kuzimya no kunoza imikorere n'umutekano w'amazi azimya; kongeramo inyongeramusaruro bishobora kunoza ubushobozi bwo kumena no gufatana kw'amazi azimya polymer, kongera ingaruka zayo ku buso bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko, no kunoza imikorere yo gukonjesha. Mu guhitamo no gukoresha inyongeramusaruro, zigomba guhuzwa neza hakurikijwe uburyo bwihariye bwo kuzimya n'ibisabwa mu mikorere y'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko, kandi ingano y'inyongeramusaruro igomba kugenzurwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka mbi ku mikorere y'amazi azimya.

5. Kubungabunga no gucunga amazi agabanya ubushyuhe mu buryo bwa polymer
Kugira ngo amazi afunga polymer akomeze kumererwa neza kandi akore neza mu gihe cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'umunyururu uzunguruka, ni ngombwa kuyabungabunga no kuyacunga neza.
Gupima ubucucike buri gihe: Koresha ibikoresho bya kinyamwuga nka refractometers kugira ngo umenye buri gihe ubucucike bw'amazi azima, kandi uyahindure ku gihe ukurikije ibisubizo by'ibizamini. Muri rusange ni byiza gupima ubucucike rimwe mu cyumweru. Iyo ubucucike bugaragaye ko burenze ibisabwa mu buryo, bugomba gukurwamo cyangwa umuti mushya wa polymer ugomba kongerwamo ku gihe.
Genzura ingano y'umwanda: Sukura buri gihe imyanda n'amavuta ari munsi y'ikigega cyo kuzimya kugira ngo wirinde ko imyanda myinshi yagira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amazi yo kuzimya n'igihe akorera. Sisitemu yo kuyungurura ishobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo izungurure kandi iyungurure amazi yo kuzimya kugira ngo ikurweho imyanda ikomeye nk'iy'icyuma n'igipimo cya okiside.
Kurinda gukura kwa bagiteri: Ikiyiko cyo kuzimya cya polymer gikunze kororoka bagiteri mu gihe cyo gukoreshwa, bigatuma kigabanuka kandi kikagabanuka mu mikorere. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kongeramo imiti yica bagiteri buri gihe no kugumisha amazi azima asukuye kandi afite umwuka mwiza kugira ngo hirindwe kwiyongera kwa bagiteri. Muri rusange, imiti yica bagiteri yongerwamo buri byumweru bibiri, kandi hitabwaho kugenzura ubushyuhe n'agaciro ka pH by'ikiyiko cyo kuzimya kugira ngo bigume mu rugero rukwiye.
Itondere sisitemu yo gukonjesha: Suzuma buri gihe kandi ukomeze uburyo bwo gukonjesha bw'ikigega cyo kuzimya kugira ngo urebe neza ko ubushyuhe bw'amazi yo kuzimya bushobora kugenzurwa neza. Kunanirwa kwa sisitemu yo gukonjesha bishobora gutuma ubushyuhe bw'amazi yo kuzimya buba hejuru cyane cyangwa hasi cyane, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere yayo yo gukonjesha n'ubwiza bw'umunyururu wo kuzimya. Suzuma buri gihe niba umuyoboro wo gukonjesha wafunzwe, niba pompe y'amazi ikonjesha ikora neza, nibindi, kandi ukore imirimo yo gusana no kubungabunga ku gihe.

6. Umwanzuro
Amavuta yo kuzimya polymer agira uruhare runini mu gikorwa cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'iminyururu y'amapine. Atuma iminyururu y'amapine irushaho kuba myiza nko gukomera, imbaraga, kudashira, kudacika intege no kudahungabana bitewe no guhindura umuvuduko wo kuzimya no kunoza imiterere y'imbere mu mikorere yayo. Ariko, kugira ngo tugire akamaro kanini k'amazi yo kuzimya polymer no kubona imikorere myiza y'iminyururu y'amapine, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibintu byinshi nko kuzimya ingano y'amazi, ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya, uruziga rw'amazi n'uburyo bwo gukonjesha, imiterere y'ubuso bw'umunyururu w'amapine n'ikoreshwa ry'inyongera, no kubungabunga no gucunga amazi yo kuzimya. Muri ubu buryo gusa dushobora kwemeza ko iminyururu y'amapine ishobora gukora neza kandi neza mu bikoresho bitandukanye bya mekanike kandi ikujuje ibisabwa mu nganda zigezweho mu bijyanye no kohereza ibikoresho.