Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe bushyuha ku mikorere y'amasahani y'urushundura rwa Isothermal: Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'ubwiza buri muguzi agomba kumenya
Mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byo kohereza amakuru,umunyururu w'ibizingoImikorere igena mu buryo butaziguye imikorere y'ibikoresho n'igihe bimara. Nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'umunyururu uzunguruka, ubwiza bw'umunyururu uzunguruka ni ingenzi cyane. Imikorere y'umunyururu ifitanye isano rya hafi n'uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bukonjesha, ikintu cy'ingenzi, gifite ingaruka zikomeye ku bimenyetso by'ingenzi nko gukomera k'umunyururu, gukomera kwawo, no kudashira kwawo.
1. Isano y'ibanze iri hagati y'amasahani y'uruhererekane rw'izuba n'uburyo bwo gushyushya
Ibyuma bipima ubushyuhe ni ibice by'ingenzi bikorerwa mu buryo bwo gupima ubushyuhe, bitanga ubukomere runaka mu gihe bikomeza gukomera. Gupima ubushyuhe, intambwe ya nyuma mu kuvura ubushyuhe, ahanini bikuraho imihangayiko y'imbere nyuma yo kuzimya, bigahindura imiterere y'imbere y'icyuma, kandi amaherezo bikagena imiterere y'umunyururu.
Mu gihe cyo gushyushya, ndetse n'ihindagurika rito ry'ubushyuhe rishobora guteza impinduka mu miterere y'imbere y'icyuma cy'umunyururu. Iyo ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya buri hasi cyane, ingano nini y'imiterere ya martensite ikorwa mu gihe cyo kuzimya irakomeza. Nubwo ibi bikomeza gukomera cyane, imbaraga z'imbere ntizirekurwa neza, bigatuma umunyururu udakomera. Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, martensite irabora cyane, bigabanura cyane imbaraga n'ubukana bw'umunyururu, bigatuma udashobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu gutwara imizigo. Kubwibyo, kugenzura neza ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya ni ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ryo kuringaniza imikorere itandukanye y'umunyururu.
2. Ingaruka zo Gupima Ubushyuhe ku Gukomera kw'Umunyururu: Kunganya Ingufu n'Ibikorwa
Ubukomere ni ikimenyetso cy'ibanze cy'ubushobozi bw'umunyururu bwo kwikorera imizigo kandi bifitanye isano itaziguye n'ubushobozi bw'umunyururu wo kwihanganira guhinduka kw'imizigo mu gihe cy'imizigo myinshi. Amakuru y'igerageza agaragaza isano iri hagati y'ubushyuhe bukabije n'ubukomere bw'umunyururu.
Iyo ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya buri hagati ya 200°C na 300°C, ubukana bw'umunyururu bushobora kuguma hagati ya 38 na 42 HRC, urwego rwujuje ibisabwa mu gutwara imizigo mu nganda nyinshi. Kuri ubu bushyuhe, uduce twa karubide turi mu munyururu tuba twiza kandi dukwirakwira neza, bikarinda imbaraga nyinshi ziboneka nyuma yo kuzimya, ndetse bikanakuraho imihangayiko imwe n'imwe imbere binyuze mu gushyushya ubushyuhe buke. Iyo ubushyuhe buzamuwe bukagera kuri 350-450°C, ubukana bugabanuka bukagera kuri 30-35 HRC. Nubwo imbaraga zigabanuka, ubukana burushaho kwiyongera, bigatuma bukwiranye n'ibikoresho bisaba gutangira kenshi. Ariko, iyo ubushyuhe burenze 500°C, ubukana bugabanuka munsi ya 25 HRC, kandi icyuma cy'umunyururu gikunze kwangirika, bigatuma gikwiranye gusa n'ibintu byoroshye byo gutwara imizigo hamwe n'imizigo yoroheje n'umuvuduko muto.
Abaguzi bagomba guhitamo amapine y'iminyururu afite ubushyuhe bujyanye n'umutwaro w'ibikoresho byabo. Urugero, iminyururu y'imigozi y'imashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro, igomba kwihanganira ingaruka zikomeye, igomba gushyuha kuri dogere selisiyusi 250 ku minyururu ikomeye cyane. Iminyururu itwara imizigo y'imigozi itunganya ibiribwa, ku rundi ruhande, ishobora gushyuha kuri dogere selisiyusi 350 ku minyururu ikomeye iringaniye, irinda ubukana no kudashira.
3. Ubukomere n'Ubunanirwe: Ingaruka zihishe z'Ubushyuhe Bushyuha
Ubukomere bw'icyuma gipima imbaraga zacyo, mu gihe uburambe bw'umurunga bugena igihe cy'ubuzima bw'icyuma gitembera. Nubwo bigoye gupima mu buryo butaziguye, ibi bimenyetso bibiri bigira uruhare runini mu mikorere y'ibikoresho mu gihe kirekire kandi byombi bigira ingaruka ku bujyakuzimu bw'ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya. Ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 200°C butuma habaho imbaraga nyinshi zisigara mu cyuma gitembera, bigatuma imbaraga zidahagije kandi zishobora kwangirika iyo habayeho impanuka nyinshi. Uko ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya buzamuka bukagera kuri 300-400°C, imbaraga zisigara zigenda zirekura buhoro buhoro, imbaraga za ferrite matrix zirongera zigasubira, kandi imbaraga za ferrite plate zishobora kwiyongeraho hejuru ya 30%. Kuri ubu bushyuhe, icyuma gipima imbaraga ntigishobora kwangirika bitewe n'imizigo irenga, bigatuma gikoreshwa mu mashini zitangira kandi zihagarara kenshi, nko gukandagira ibikoresho na cranes.
Ubudahangarwa bw'umunaniro bugera ku rwego rwo hejuru iyo bushyushye kuri dogere selisiyusi 400-450. Ubu bushyuhe butuma habaho imvura ya karuboni ingana, bigatuma habaho imiterere ihamye ya bainite igabanya umunaniro no gukwirakwira kwayo. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko imigozi y'uruhererekane ishyushye kuri dogere selisiyusi 420 ishobora kongera igihe cyayo cyo kunanirwa inshuro 2-3 ugereranije n'ibindi bicuruzwa bisa bishyushye kuri dogere selisiyusi 200.
Ku bikoresho bikora igihe kirekire, nk'imashini zitwara ibikoresho n'imashini zakora impapuro, guhitamo ibyuma bishyushya kuri dogere selisiyusi 400 bishobora kugabanya cyane inshuro zo kubungabunga. Mu bihe birimo uburemere buke, kongera ubushyuhe bushyushya kugira ngo ubone igihe kirekire cyo kunanirwa bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere muri rusange.
4. Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe n'ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe: Agaciro k'ubushyuhe bushyuha
Uretse imiterere y’ubukanishi, ubushyuhe bw’umunyururu buterwa no kwangirika no kudakora neza kw’ingufu, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane mu gihe cy’imikorere mibi.
Ku bushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 300-400, agace ka okiside gakorerwa ku buso bw'umunyururu gafite imiterere ikomeye, gatanga uburinzi ku kwangirika kw'imyanda iri mu mavuta yo kwisiga. Byongeye kandi, iminyururu yavuwe muri ubu bushyuhe ifite ubukana buringaniye bw'ubuso, ikagabanya kwangirika kw'imizingo n'udupira, kandi ikagabanya imyanda y'icyuma mu gihe cyo kohereza.
Mu bidukikije bifite ubushuhe cyangwa byangiza, iminyururu ishyushye hejuru ya 450°C ikora neza. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bugabanya ingano ya karuboni mu munyururu, bigabanya amahirwe yo kwangirika hagati y’uduce duto, mu gihe binatuma habaho firime idakora neza kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese. Urugero, mu bikoresho byo mu mazi, umunyururu ushyushye kuri 500°C ugira igihe cyo kwangirika inshuro 1.5 ugereranyije n’umunyururu ushyushye kuri 300°C.
Abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma neza aho bakorera iyo bahitamo imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Mu birombe by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro birimo ivumbi, imiyoboro idapfa kwangirika cyane ishyushye kuri 350°C ni yo ikundwa cyane. Mu mashini zihinga zirimo ubushuhe, imiyoboro idapfa kwangirika ishyushye kuri 450°C cyangwa irenga ni yo ikwiye kwitabwaho.
5. Inzira yo gufata ibyemezo byo kugura: Uburyo bwo guhitamo urunigi hashingiwe ku bushyuhe bushyuha
Hashingiwe ku ngaruka z'ubushyuhe ku mikorere y'uruhererekane, abaguzi bashobora guhitamo neza bakurikije intambwe zikurikira:
Ubwa mbere, menya ibisabwa by'ingenzi by'ibikoresho. Niba imbaraga zo gutwara imizigo ari zo zigomba gukurikizwa, nko mu mashini zikoresha ibyuma, hitamo umugozi ushyushye kuri dogere selisiyusi 250-300. Niba imbaraga zo kwihanganira umunaniro ari zo zigomba gukururwa, nko mu mashini zikoresha imyenda, shyira imbere ibikoresho bishyushye kuri dogere selisiyusi 400-450.
Icya kabiri, suzuma aho imikorere ikorerwa. Mu gihe cy'umukungugu n'isuku, shyira imbaraga mu gukora. Mu gihe cy'ubushuhe n'ivumbi, tekereza ku buryo imikorere idashobora kwangirika no kwirinda kwangirika, kandi wongere ubushyuhe bukwiye.
Hanyuma, genzura ubushobozi bw'umutanga serivisi mu kugenzura ibikorwa. Abatanga serivisi nziza bazatanga ibipimo birambuye by'ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya hamwe na raporo z'ibizamini by'imikorere kugira ngo barebe ko imikorere ihoraho muri buri gice cy'amapine y'iminyururu. Ni byiza guhitamo uruganda rushobora kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya buri kuri ± 10°C kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka mbi ziterwa n'ihindagurika ry'imikorere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2025