Iminyururu y'imizingo ni ingenzi mu bikorwa bitandukanye by'inganda n'imashini, harimo imodoka, inganda n'ubuhinzi. Ikoreshwa mu kohereza neza amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo gutwara. Ariko, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu minyururu y'imizingo bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije. Gusobanukirwa ingaruka z'ibikoresho by'imizingo y'imizingo ku bidukikije ni ingenzi mu gufata ibyemezo bisobanutse ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ryabyo n'itabwa muri byo.
Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa cyane mu minyururu izunguruka ni icyuma, icyuma kidashonga, n'icyuma cya karuboni. Kuva mu gukuramo ibikoresho fatizo kugeza mu gukora no gutabwa burundu, buri gikoresho gifite ingaruka zacyo ku bidukikije.
Icyuma ni cyo gikoreshwa cyane mu minyururu izunguruka kandi ahanini gikozwe mu byuma n'amakara. Gukuramo ibi bikoresho fatizo bisaba gukoresha ingufu nyinshi no kwangiza ibidukikije. Uburyo bwo gushongesha icyuma kugira ngo kivemo icyuma bunasohora dioxyde de carbone n'indi myuka ihumanya ikirere, bigatera impinduka mu mihindagurikire y'ikirere. Byongeye kandi, gukora icyuma bikubiyemo gukoresha imiti itandukanye kandi bigatanga imyanda ishobora kwanduza amazi n'ubutaka.
Icyuma kidashonga ni icyuma kidashonga kirimo chromium, nickel n'ibindi bintu. Nubwo icyuma kidashonga gitanga kuramba no kuramba, gukuramo no gutunganya ibikoresho byacyo, cyane cyane chromium na nickel, bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Gucukura no gutunganya ibi byuma bishobora kwangiza ibidukikije, isuri n'umwanda w'amazi. Byongeye kandi, gukora icyuma kidashonga bisaba ingufu nyinshi, bigatuma imyuka ihumanya ikirere iva mu kirere ndetse n'umutungo wayo ukagabanuka.
Icyuma cya karuboni ni ikindi kintu gikunze kuboneka mu minyururu izunguruka kandi ahanini kigizwe n'icyuma na karuboni. Ikorwa ry'icyuma cya karuboni rikubiyemo ibibazo bisa n'iby'ibidukikije nk'iby'icyuma gisanzwe, harimo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro n'amakara, no kurekura imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu gihe cyo kugikora. Byongeye kandi, ingano ya karuboni mu cyuma cya karuboni ituma gishobora kwangirika, bishobora gutuma cyangirika vuba kandi kigasimburwa, bigakomeza kugira ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, habayeho ubushake bwo gushakisha ibindi bikoresho byakoreshwa mu minyururu y'amapine bishobora kunoza imikorere y'ibidukikije. Kimwe muri ibyo bikoresho ni pulasitiki, ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ingaruka z'iminyururu y'amapine ku bidukikije. Iminyururu ya pulasitiki ishobora gukorwa mu bikoresho byasubiwemo, bigagabanya gukenera umutungo kamere kandi bigakurura imyanda mu myanda. Byongeye kandi, iminyururu ya pulasitiki ni yoroshye, irwanya ingese, kandi ikenera ingufu nke mu kuyikora ugereranyije n'iminyururu y'icyuma.
Ubundi buryo bwiza ni ugukoresha ibikoresho bishingiye ku binyabuzima, nka bioplastics, mu gukora uruhererekane rw'ibinyabutabire. Bioplastics ikomoka ku bintu bishobora kongera gukoreshwa nka cornstarch, ibijumba cyangwa selulose kandi ni ubundi buryo burambye kuruta plastiki gakondo. Gukora bioplastics muri rusange bigira ingaruka nke ku bidukikije ugereranyije na pulasitiki ishingiye kuri peteroli.
Byongeye kandi, iterambere mu bikoresho bivanze nka polymeri zikomejwe na fibre ya karuboni ritanga ubushobozi bwo kunoza imikorere y’iminyururu izunguruka mu bidukikije. Ibi bikoresho ni ibyoroheje, biraramba kandi bifite igipimo cyo hejuru cy’imbaraga ugereranyije n’uburemere, bigabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu mu gihe cyo gukora no kugabanya gukenera gusimburwa kenshi.
Uretse gushakisha ibindi bikoresho, igishushanyo mbonera no kubungabunga umuyoboro w’ingufu bigira ingaruka ku bidukikije. Gushyira amavuta no kubungabunga neza bishobora kongera igihe cy’imikorere y’imiyoboro y’ingufu, bikagabanya inshuro zo kuyisimbura hamwe n’uburyo ibidukikije bikoreshwa. Byongeye kandi, guteza imbere imiterere myiza kandi irambye y’umuyoboro bishobora gufasha mu kubungabunga umutungo no kugabanya imyanda.
Iyo umunyururu ugenda ugera ku iherezo ry'ubuzima bwawo, uburyo bwiza bwo guta no kongera gukoresha ibikoresho ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka zawo ku bidukikije. Gukoresha iminyururu y'ibyuma bifasha kubungabunga umutungo kamere no kugabanya ingufu zisabwa kugira ngo hakorwe iminyururu mishya. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha pulasitiki n'iminyururu ishingiye ku binyabuzima bishobora gufasha mu iterambere ry'ubukungu, bigatuma ibikoresho bikoreshwa kandi bigakoreshwa, bityo bikagabanya umutwaro rusange w'ibidukikije.
Muri make, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amazi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije kuva ku gucukura no gukora kugeza ku ikoreshwa ryabyo rya nyuma. Nubwo ibikoresho gakondo nk'icyuma n'icyuma kidashonga bimaze igihe kinini ari byo bikoresho bikundwa cyane mu gukora imiyoboro y'amazi, hari igikenewe cyane cyo gushakisha ibindi bikoresho bishobora kunoza imikorere y'ibidukikije. Mu gusuzuma ingaruka z'ibikoresho by'amazi bigira ingaruka ku bidukikije no gukoresha ubundi buryo burambye, inganda zishobora kugabanya ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ejo hazaza heza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-19-2024