Mu rwego rw'ubuhanga mu by'imashini n'inganda, iminyururu y'imizingo igira uruhare runini. Iyi minyururu ni ingenzi mu bikorwa byinshi, kuva ku magare kugeza ku mikandara yo gutwara ibintu, ndetse no mu mashini zigoye zikoreshwa mu nganda zikora. Mu myaka yashize, gukenera iminyururu y'imizingo iramba kandi yizewe byatumye habaho iterambere rikomeye mu miterere yayo no mu mikorere yayo. Kimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi byo gusuzuma ubwiza n'uburambe bw'iminyururu y'imizingo ni ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurenga ku mahame y'umunaniro. Muri iyi blog tuzasuzuma iterambere ry'iminyururu y'imizingo, twibanda ku buryo yujuje ibisabwa.Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'umunaniro wa 50, 60 na 80.
Gusobanukirwa iminyururu izunguruka
Mbere yo gusuzuma ibisobanuro birambuye ku bipimo by'umuruho, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa icyo iminyururu y'umugozi ari cyo n'uko ikora. Umunyururu w'umugozi ni umuyoboro ukoreshwa cyane mu kohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi ku mashini zitandukanye zo mu rugo, mu nganda no mu buhinzi. Ugizwe n'uruhererekane rw'iminyururu migufi ifite uruziga ifatanye hamwe n'impande. Itwarwa n'ibikoresho byitwa sprockets kandi ni uburyo bworoshye, bwizewe kandi bunoze bwo kohereza ingufu.
Akamaro k'amahame agenga umunaniro
Ibipimo by'umunaniro ni ingenzi mu kumenya ubuzima n'ubudahemuka bw'iminyururu y'imashini. Umunaniro ni intege nke z'ibikoresho bitewe no gukoresha imizigo kenshi. Mu rwego rw'iminyururu y'imashini, umunaniro ushobora kunanirwa bitewe n'imihangayiko n'uburemere buhoraho ikorerwa mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha. Kugira ngo iminyururu y'imashini imashini ishobore kwihanganira iyo mihangayiko, igomba kugeragezwa cyane hakurikijwe amahame yihariye y'umunaniro.
Ibipimo by'umunaniro bya 50, 60 na 80 ni byo bipimo bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma imikorere y'umunyururu w'urukiramende. Ibi bipimo bigaragaza umubare w'ingendo umunyururu ushobora kwihanganira mbere yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso by'umunaniro. Imibare myinshi igaragaza ko uramba neza kandi ko wizewe.
Iterambere ry'iminyururu izunguruka
Iterambere rya Mbere
Igitekerezo cy'iminyururu izunguruka cyatangiye mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19. Injeniyeri w'Umusuwisi, Hans Renold, yavumbuye umunyururu wa mbere w'iminyururu mu 1880. Iyi miterere ya mbere ni yo yashyizeho urufatiro rw'iminyururu izunguruka dukoresha muri iki gihe. Ariko, iyi minyururu yo hambere yari yoroshye kandi idafite kuramba kwasabwaga mu mirimo ikomeye.
Iterambere mu bikoresho
Imwe mu ntambwe zikomeye zatewe mu ikoranabuhanga ry’iminyururu ni iterambere ry’ibikoresho bishya. Iminyururu ya kera yakorwaga mu byuma bya karuboni, nubwo byari bikomeye, byashoboraga kwangirika no kwangirika. Gukoresha ibyuma bya alloy na stainless steel byazamuye cyane kuramba no kudakira kwa corruption y’iminyururu.
Ibyuma bya aluminiyumu, nk'ibyuma bya chromium-molybdenum, bitanga imbaraga n'ubukomere bwinshi, bigatuma biba byiza cyane mu gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi. Ku rundi ruhande, icyuma cya rutura gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, bigatuma kiba cyiza mu gukoreshwa ahantu habi.
####Gukora neza
Ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'iminyururu y'ibizingo ni kunoza uburyo bwo gukora. Iminyururu igezweho y'ibizingo ikorwa neza, igenzura ko buri gice cyujuje ibisabwa mu buziranenge. Uburyo bwo gutunganya no gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa mudasobwa (CNC) n'uburyo bugezweho bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe butuma abakora iminyururu y'ibizingo irushaho kwihanganira umunaniro mwinshi.
Gusiga amavuta no kuyabungabunga
Gusiga amavuta neza no kuyabungabunga ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo wongere igihe cyo gukora cy’umunyururu wawe. Mu bihe byashize, iminyururu yasabaga amavuta kenshi kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika no kugabanya gucikagurika. Ariko, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga amavuta ryatumye habaho iterambere ry’iminyururu yisiga amavuta ubwayo. Iyi minyururu yakozwe ifite uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta bwubatswemo bugabanya gukenera kwitabwaho buri gihe kandi bugatuma imikorere muri rusange irushaho kuba myiza.
Yujuje ibisabwa ku munaniro wa 50, 60 na 80
Igipimo cy'umunaniro cyarenze imyaka 50
Igipimo cy’umunaniro wa 50 muri rusange gifatwa nk'igipimo ngenderwaho cy’iminyururu ikoreshwa mu gushyiramo ibintu biringaniye. Iminyururu yujuje ibi bipimo ishobora kwihanganira stress 50.000 mbere yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’umunaniro. Kugira ngo bagere kuri uru rwego rw’imikorere, abakora ibikoresho bibanda ku gukoresha ibikoresho byiza cyane n’uburyo bwo gukora ibintu neza.
Urugero, iminyururu y'icyuma ikoresheje uburyo bugezweho bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe ishobora kugera ku rugero rwo kunanirwa inshuro 50. Byongeye kandi, amavuta akwiye no kuyabungabunga bigira uruhare runini mu kwemeza ko umunyururu ushobora kwihanganira umubare usabwa w'ingendo.
Igipimo cy'umunaniro cyarenze imyaka 60
Kurenga ku gipimo cy’umunaniro w’amasaha 60 bigaragaza urwego rwo hejuru rwo kuramba no kwizerwa. Iminyururu yujuje iki gipimo ishobora kwihanganira ibihe 60.000 by’imihangayiko mbere yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’umunaniro. Kugira ngo ugere kuri uru rwego rw’imikorere bisaba iterambere rirambuye mu bikoresho no mu nganda.
Abakora bakunze gukoresha irangi ryihariye n'uburyo bwo kuvura ubuso kugira ngo bongere imbaraga zo guhangana n'umunaniro w'iminyururu. Urugero, iminyururu ifite irangi ry'umukara cyangwa irangi rya zinc-nickel ishobora gutanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ingese no kuramba. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha iminyururu n'iminyururu bigabanya kwangirika no kwangirika, bikongera igihe cyo kubaho k'umunyururu.
Igipimo cy'umunaniro cyarenze imyaka 80
Igipimo cy’umunaniro urenze urugero cya 80 ni cyo gipimo cyo hejuru cy’iminyururu izunguruka, bigaragaza ko iramba kandi yizewe cyane. Iminyururu yujuje iki gipimo ishobora kwihanganira ibihe 80.000 by’imihangayiko mbere yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’umunaniro. Kugira ngo ugere kuri uru rwego rw’imikorere bisaba ibikoresho bigezweho, ubuhanga mu gukora no guhanga udushya mu gushushanya.
Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bituma habaho kuzuza amahame agenga umunaniro wa 80-cycles ni ugukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho nk'icyuma gikomeye cya alloy hamwe n'amabara yihariye. Byongeye kandi, abakora bashobora gushyiramo ibintu bishya nk'imiterere y'amapine ahuza neza n'ibice byakozwe neza kugira ngo bagabanye stress no kunoza uburyo bwo kurwanya umunaniro muri rusange.
Ahazaza h'iminyururu izunguruka
Uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere, ahazaza h’iminyururu izunguruka risa n’aho ari heza. Abashakashatsi n’abahanga bakomeje gushakisha ibikoresho bishya, ubuhanga mu gukora ndetse n’udushya mu gushushanya kugira ngo barusheho kunoza imikorere no kuramba kw’iminyururu izunguruka. Zimwe mu ntambwe zigaragara mu ikoranabuhanga ry’iminyururu izunguruka zirimo:
Ibikoresho bigezweho
Guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya nk'ibikoresho bivanze n'ibyuma bigezweho bifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kunoza uburyo iminyururu ikora neza kandi igakora neza. Ibi bikoresho bitanga uruvange rwihariye rw'imbaraga, gukomera no kurwanya ingese, bigatuma biba byiza cyane mu bikorwa bigoye.
Urusobe rw'ubwenge
Guhuza sensors na smart technology mu migozi y'imizingo ni ikindi kintu gishimishije. Smart chains zishobora gukurikirana imikorere yazo mu gihe nyacyo, zigatanga amakuru y'agaciro ku gitutu, kwangirika no ku rugero rw'amavuta. Aya makuru ashobora gukoreshwa mu kunoza gahunda zo kubungabunga no gukumira amakosa atunguranye.
Inganda zirambye
Kuramba bikomeje kuba ikintu cy'ingenzi mu nganda. Abakora ibikoresho barimo gushakisha ibikoresho n'inzira birengera ibidukikije kugira ngo bagabanye ingaruka ziterwa no gukora iminyururu y'amapine. Byongeye kandi, guteza imbere ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa no kubora bishobora kongera uburyo iminyururu y'amapine iramba.
mu gusoza
Iterambere ry'iminyururu izunguruka ryaranzwe n'iterambere rikomeye mu bikoresho, inzira zo gukora no guhanga udushya mu miterere. Kuzuza amahame 50, 60 na 80 byagiye biba intego ku bakora, bigamije kwemeza ko iminyururu izunguruka ishobora kwihanganira imihangayiko n'ingorane zo gukoreshwa mu nganda zigezweho. Ahazaza h'iminyururu izunguruka bisa nkaho ari heza mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, hamwe n'ibikoresho bishya, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n'uburyo burambye bwo gukora ibintu bitegura inzira y'iminyururu irambye kandi yizewe. Haba mu bikorwa biri hagati cyangwa biremereye, iminyururu izunguruka izakomeza kugira uruhare runini mu gutanga ingufu ku mashini ziyobora isi yacu.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 18 Nzeri 2024