Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi hagati yo kuzimya no gushyushya mu gukora imiyoboro ya roller chain

Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi hagati yo kuzimya no gushyushya mu gukora imiyoboro ya roller: Kuki izi nzira ebyiri ari zo zigena imikorere y'imiyoboro?

Mu gukora imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, inzira zo gutunganya ubushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane ku ireme ry'ibicuruzwa no ku buzima bwabyo. Kuzimya no gushyushya, nk'uburyo bubiri bw'ibanze n'ubw'ingenzi bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe, bikunze kuvugwa n'abaguzi, ariko abenshi bafite ubumenyi buke ku itandukaniro ryabyo n'ingaruka zabyo. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma itandukaniro ry'ingenzi riri hagati yo kuzimya no gushyushya, ndetse n'uburyo bikorana muriumunyururu w'ibizingoumusaruro, kugira ngo bifashe abaguzi gusuzuma neza imikorere y'ibicuruzwa no guhitamo urunigi ruhuza n'ibyo bakeneye.

1. Inzira y'ingenzi: Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ry'ingenzi hagati y'inzira ebyiri ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze mu buryo bwa molekile

Itandukaniro ry'ibanze hagati yo kuzimya no gushyushya riri mu buryo butandukanye buhindura imiterere ya molekile y'ibikoresho by'icyuma, ibyo bikaba bigena neza icyerekezo cy'ingaruka zabyo ku mikorere y'umunyururu w'urukiramende. Kuzimya ni uburyo bwo gushyushya ibice by'icyuma by'umunyururu w'urukiramende (nk'amasano, iminyururu, n'udupira) kugeza ku bushyuhe bwa austenitization (ubusanzwe 800-900°C, bitewe n'imiterere y'ibikoresho), bigumana ubushyuhe igihe runaka kugira ngo ibikoresho bishobore kuzimya burundu, hanyuma bigakonjesha vuba ibikoresho mu mazi, amavuta, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bikonjesha. Ubu buryo buhindura imiterere ya kristale y'icyuma kuva kuri austenite ikajya kuri martensite, imiterere irangwa no gukomera cyane ariko ikaba yoroshye. Kimwe n'igice cy'ikirahure, gikomeye ariko cyoroshye kwangirika, ibice bidashyushye bishobora kuvunika bitewe n'ingaruka cyangwa guhindagurika mu ikoreshwa nyaryo.

Gushyushya birimo kongera gushyushya ibice by'icyuma byazimye kugeza ku bushyuhe buri munsi y'aho bihinduka (ubusanzwe 150-650°C), kubika ubushyuhe igihe runaka, hanyuma bigakonjesha buhoro buhoro. Ubu buryo bugabanya imbaraga z'imbere muri martensite kandi bugahindura imiterere ya kristu binyuze mu gukwirakwira no kugwa kwa karubide. Mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo, gushyushya ni nko gufata neza "ikirahure" cyazimye, kigakomeza gukomera runaka mu gihe cyongera ubukana bwacyo no gukumira kuvunika.

2. Ingaruka ku mikorere: Ubuhanga bwo kuringaniza ubukomere, gukomera, no kudashira

Mu gukoresha iminyururu izunguruka, ibice bigomba kuba bifite ubukana runaka kugira ngo birwanye kwangirika no gukomera bihagije kugira ngo bihangane no guhindagurika. Uruvange rwo kuzimya no gushyushya rugenewe neza kugira ngo rugere kuri ubu buringanire.

Kuzimya bishobora kongera cyane ubukana no kudashira kw'ibice by'umunyururu w'imashini. Urugero, nyuma yo kuzimya, ubukana bw'ubuso bw'imashini zishobora kwiyongeraho 30%-50%, birwanya neza gushwanyagurika no gushwanyagurika n'udusimba kandi bikongera igihe cyo kuzimya. Ariko, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, ibikoresho byazimye birarushaho kwangirika kandi bishobora kwangirika cyangwa kuvunika iyo biremereye cyangwa bikubiswe.

Gushyushya, uretse kuzimya, bihindura imiterere y'ibikoresho binyuze mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya n'igihe cyo kubigumana. Gushyushya ubushyuhe buri hasi (150-250°C) bishobora kugumana ubukomere bwinshi mu gihe bigabanya ubukomere, bigatuma bikwiranye n'ibice bisaba ubukomere bwinshi, nka roller. Gushyushya ubushyuhe buri hagati (300-450°C) bitanga ubukomere bwinshi n'ubukomere, akenshi bikoreshwa mu bice bishobora gupfunyika kenshi, nk'ibice by'iminyururu. Gushyushya ubushyuhe bwinshi (500-650°C) bigabanya cyane ubukomere ariko byongera ubuziranenge n'ubukomere, bigatuma bikwiranye n'ibice bisaba ubukomere bwinshi, nk'udupira.

3. Urukurikirane rw'ibikorwa: Isano idasubirwaho ihuza ibintu

Mu gukora imiyoboro y'ibyuma bizunguruka, kuzimya no gushyushya bikunze gukorwa mu buryo bwa "kuzimya mbere, hanyuma gushyushya." Ubu buryo bugenwa n'imiterere ya buri gikorwa.

Kuzimya umuriro bikorwa kugira ngo habeho imiterere ikomeye ya martensitic, bigashyiraho urufatiro rwo guhindura imikorere nyuma yaho. Iyo kuzimya umuriro bikozwe mbere yo kuzimya umuriro, imiterere ikorwa hakoreshejwe kuzimya umuriro izasenyuka mu gihe cyo kuzimya umuriro, ntibigere ku musaruro wifuzwa. Ku rundi ruhande, kuzimya umuriro binoza imiterere nyuma yo kuzimya umuriro, bikuraho imihangayiko y'imbere mu mubiri, kandi bigahindura ubukana n'ubukana kugira ngo bihuze n'ibisabwa mu buryo nyabwo. Urugero, mu gihe cyo gukora plate y'umunyururu, bibanza kuzimya umuriro kugira ngo byongere ubukana bwabyo. Hanyuma bikonjeshwa ku bushyuhe buringaniye hakurikijwe ikoreshwa ryabyo. Ibi byemeza ko umunyururu ugumana ubukana runaka ariko ugakomeza gukomera neza, bigatuma ushobora kwihanganira guhindagurika no kunamuka kenshi mu gihe cy'imikorere y'umunyururu.

4. Ingaruka zifatika ku bwiza bw'urunigi rw'imizingo: Ibipimo by'ingenzi abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma
Ku baguzi, gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati yo kuzimya no gushyushya bibafasha gusuzuma ubwiza bw'urunigi rw'imizingo no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikwiranye n'ibyo bakoresha.

Igipimo cy'Ubukomere: Gupima ubukomere bw'ibice by'umunyururu w'urukiramende bitanga isuzuma ry'ibanze ry'uburyo bwo kuzimya. Muri rusange, ubukomere bw'umunyururu bugomba kuba hagati ya HRC 58-62, ubw'amapine y'urukiramende hagati ya HRC 38-42, n'ubw'udupira hagati ya HRC 45-50 (agaciro kabyo gashobora gutandukana bitewe n'ibipimo n'ikoreshwa). Niba ubukomere budahagije, bigaragaza ko ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya cyangwa igipimo cyo gukonjesha bitari bihagije; niba ubukomere buri hejuru cyane, bishobora kuba biterwa no gushyushya bidahagije, bigatuma umuntu acika intege cyane.

Igipimo cy'Ubukomere: Ubukomere bushobora kugeragezwa hakoreshejwe uburyo nko gupima ingaruka. Umunyururu w'umuzingo mwiza ntugomba gucika cyangwa ngo ucike iyo uhuye n'imitwaro runaka y'ingaruka. Iyo umunyururu ucitse byoroshye mu gihe cyo kuwukoresha, bishobora kuba biterwa no gushyushya nabi, bigatuma ibintu bidakomera bihagije.

Ubudahangarwa bw'imyenda: Ubudahangarwa bw'imyenda bufitanye isano n'ubukomere n'imiterere mito y'ibikoresho. Ibice by'umunyururu w'imizingo byuzuye neza kandi bikonjeshwa neza bifite imiterere mito y'ubuso bunini, ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika, kandi bishobora kugumana imikorere myiza mu gihe kirekire. Abaguzi bashobora gusuzuma ubudahangarwa bw'imyenda basobanukiwe ibipimo by'uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'umucuruzi no gusuzuma raporo y'ubuzima bw'umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa.

5. Uburyo bwo guhitamo: Guhuza ibipimo by'imikorere na porogaramu
Porogaramu zitandukanye zifite ibisabwa bitandukanye ku mikorere y'iminyururu izunguruka, bityo ibipimo bikwiye byo kuzimya no gushyushya bigomba gutoranywa hashingiwe ku byo bikenewe nyabyo.

Mu bikoresho byo kohereza ibintu biremereye kandi byihuta cyane, nko mu mashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro n'ibikoresho byo guterura, iminyururu ikora ibizingo isaba gukomera cyane no kudashira, mu gihe kandi ifite imbaraga zihagije zo kwihanganira imitwaro minini. Muri ibi bihe, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bwo kuzimya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe buri hagati kugira ngo ibikoresho bikore neza muri rusange. Mu bikoresho byo kohereza ibintu biremereye kandi byihuta cyane, nko mu mashini zitunganya ibiribwa n'ibikoresho byo gutwara ibintu, ibisabwa mu gukomera kw'iminyururu ikora ni bike, ariko gukomera no kurangiza neza ubuso ni byinshi. Kuzimya ubushyuhe buri hasi no kuzimya ubushyuhe buri hejuru bishobora gukoreshwa mu kunoza uburyo ibikoresho bikora neza kandi bikagira imbaraga.

Byongeye kandi, ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije bishobora kugira ingaruka ku guhitamo inzira. Mu bidukikije byangiza, gutunganya ubuso bw’urunigi rw’imigozi birakenewe, kandi inzira zo kuzimya no gukonjesha zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ubuso, bityo rero ni ngombwa gusuzumana ubushishozi.