Ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki mu gusya iminyururu ikora neza cyane

Ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki mu gusya iminyururu ikora neza cyane

Mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byo kohereza amakuru,iminyururu y'ibizingoni ibintu by'ingenzi mu kohereza ingufu no kugenzura ingendo. Ubuhanga bwabyo bugena neza imikorere y'ibikoresho, uburyo bihora bihagaze, n'igihe bimara. Uburyo bwo gusya, intambwe ya nyuma mu kunoza ubuziranenge mu gukora iminyururu y'urushundura, ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi gitandukanya iminyururu isanzwe n'iy'ubuhanga bwo hejuru. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma ibisabwa by'ingenzi mu bijyanye no gusya iminyururu y'urushundura yo hejuru, ikubiyemo amahame ngenderwaho, igenzura rirambuye, amahame y'ubuziranenge, n'ikoreshwa ryayo, itanga ubumenyi burambuye kuri ubu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bw'ingenzi bushyigikira uruganda rw'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.

1. Agaciro k'ingenzi ko gusya imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu buryo bunoze: Impamvu ari "Inkingi" yo gukoresha neza uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa

Mbere yo kuganira ku bisabwa mu bya tekiniki, tugomba kubanza gusobanura ibi bikurikira: Kuki gusya by’umwuga ari ngombwa ku minyururu ikora neza cyane? Ugereranyije n’uburyo gakondo bwo gukora nk’uguhindura no gusya, gusya, hamwe n’ibyiza byabyo bidasanzwe, byabaye uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo kugera ku buziranenge bwa micron mu minyururu ikora neza.

Mu rwego rw'inganda, haba muri sisitemu yo gukoresha igihe cya moteri mu nganda zikora imodoka, imodoka zitwara abantu zikoresha ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, cyangwa se ingufu zikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'imashini zikoresha uburyo bugezweho, ibisabwa ku buryo bugezweho bw'umunyururu wa roller byavuye ku rwego rwa milimetero bigera ku rwego rwa mikoroni. Ikosa ryo kuzenguruka kw'umunyururu rigomba kugenzurwa muri 5μm, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira umwobo w'umunyururu bugomba kuba munsi ya 3μm, kandi ubukana bw'ubuso bw'ipine bugomba kugera kuri Ra0.4μm cyangwa munsi yayo. Ibi bisabwa ku buryo buhamye bwo kugena uburyo bugezweho bishobora kugerwaho gusa binyuze mu gusya.

By'umwihariko, agaciro k'ingenzi ko gusya iminyururu ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga ryo hejuru kari mu bice bitatu by'ingenzi:

Ubushobozi bwo gukosora amakosa: Binyuze mu gukata umuvuduko mwinshi w'uruziga rwo gusya, guhindagurika no gutandukana kw'ibipimo byatewe n'ibikorwa byabanje (nk'ubucuzi no gutunganya ubushyuhe) bikurwaho neza, bigatuma buri gice gihinduka neza;

Kunoza ubuziranenge bw'ubuso: Gusya bigabanya neza ubukana bw'ibice by'ubuso, bigabanya gutakaza ubwumvikane mu gihe cy'imikorere y'umunyururu, kandi bikongera igihe cyo gukora;

Igenzura ry’ubuziranenge bwa jeometri: Ku bijyanye n’ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bwa jeometri nko kuzunguruka kw’imizingo no gupima ubugari bw’imizingo, kugorora kw’imizingo, no guhuza imiyoboro y’imizingo, uburyo bwo gusya bugera ku buziranenge bwo kugenzura burenze kure ubundi buryo bwo gukora.

II. Ibisabwa by'ingenzi mu bya tekiniki mu gusya iminyururu ikora neza cyane: Igenzura ryuzuye kuva ku gice kimwe kugeza ku kindi

Uburyo bwo gusya iminyururu ikora neza cyane si intambwe imwe; ahubwo ni uburyo busanzwe bukubiyemo ibice bitatu by'ingenzi: iminyururu, imisumari, n'ibice by'iminyururu. Buri ntambwe igengwa n'amahame ya tekiniki akomeye n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'imikorere.

(I) Gusya imigozi: "Intambara yo ku rwego rwo hejuru" hagati y'ubuzengurutse n'ubugari bw'ibiceri

Imashini zikora imigozi ni ingenzi mu guhuza imigozi n'udupira. Uburebure bwazo n'ubugari bwazo bigira ingaruka ku buryo bworoshye bwo guhuza imigozi no kunoza uburyo bwo kohereza imigozi. Mu gihe cyo gusya imigozi, ibisabwa bikurikira bigomba kugenzurwa neza:
Kugenzura Ubuziranenge bw'Ibipimo:
Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira umurambararo w'inyuma w'umuzingo bugomba gukurikiza neza GB/T 1243-2006 cyangwa ISO 606. Ku manota yo hejuru (urugero, Icyiciro C no hejuru), ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira umurambararo w'inyuma bugomba kugenzurwa muri ± 0.01mm. Gusya bisaba inzira y'intambwe eshatu: gusya mu buryo bukabije, gusya mu buryo busesuye, no kurangiza gusya. Buri ntambwe isaba igenzura ry'umurongo hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima umurambararo cya laser kugira ngo harebwe ko intera y'ibipimo iguma mu rugero rwemewe. Ibisabwa ku kwihanganira imiterere y'ijimetero:

Ubuzenguruko: Ikosa ry'ubuzenguruko bw'imashini zikora neza cyane rigomba kuba ≤5μm. Gushyiramo ibice bibiri hagati bigomba gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gusya, hamwe no gusimbuza uruziga rwihuta cyane (umuvuduko ugororotse ≥35m/s) kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka z'imbaraga zo hagati ku buzenguruko.

Ubugari bw'uruziga: Ikosa ry'ubugari bw'uruziga rigomba kuba ≤8μm. Guhindura inguni yo gusimbuza uruziga (ubusanzwe 1°-3°) bituma umurambararo w'inyuma w'uruziga ugororotse.

Kugereranya Isura y'Impera: Ikosa ry'impande ebyiri z'umuzingo rigomba kuba ≤0.01mm. Ibikoresho byo gushyiramo isura y'impera bigomba gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gusya kugira ngo hirindwe ko isura y'impera ihinduka bitewe no kugorama kw'isura.

Ibisabwa ku bwiza bw'ubuso:
Umurambararo w'inyuma w'umuzingo ugomba kugira ubukana bw'ubuso bwa Ra 0.4-0.8μm. Inenge zo hejuru nko gushwanyagurika, gutwika, n'ubugari bigomba kwirindwa. Mu gihe cyo gusya, ingano y'amazi yo gusya (ubusanzwe 5%-8%) n'umuvuduko w'amazi (≥0.3MPa) bigomba kugenzurwa kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwo gusya bushire vuba kandi hirindwe ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Byongeye kandi, ipine yo gusya ifite icyuma gito (urugero, 80#-120#) igomba gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gusya neza kugira ngo inoze irangire neza.

(II) Gusya imisumari: "Ikizamini cy'ubuziranenge" cy'uburyo igororotse n'uburyo ihindagurika

Ipine ni igice cy'ingenzi gihuza plaque z'umunyururu n'imizingo. Kugororoka kwayo no guhindagurika kwayo bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bworoshye n'ubuzima bw'umunyururu. Ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki mu gusya ipine byibanda ku ngingo zikurikira:

Kugenzura uburyo bwo kugororoka:
Ikosa ryo kugorora ry'ipine rigomba kuba ≤0.005mm/m. Mu gihe cyo gusya, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bwa "support ihamye + double center positioning" kugira ngo hirindwe ko ipfundo rihindagurika bitewe n'uburemere bw'ipine ubwayo. Ku ipine ndende zirenga mm 100, hagomba gukorwa igenzura ry'uko ipine igorora buri mm 50 mu gihe cyo gusya kugira ngo harebwe ko ipfundo ryose ryujuje ibisabwa. Ibisabwa ku gukorora:
Ikosa ry’uko ibintu bihagaze ku mpera zombi z’agapira rigomba kuba ≤0.008mm. Mu gihe cyo gusya, imyobo yo hagati ku mpera zombi z’agapira igomba gukoreshwa nk'icyitegererezo (ubuziranenge bw’umwobo wo hagati bugomba kuba buhuye n’icyiciro cya A muri GB/T 145-2001). Ipine yo gusya igomba kuba yashyizwemo kandi igashyirwa mu mwanya wayo kugira ngo hamenyekane ko uruziga rwo hagati ruhagaze neza. Byongeye kandi, kugenzura aho ibintu bihagaze mu buryo butaziguye bigomba gukorwa hakoreshejwe imashini ipima ibice bitatu, ifite igipimo cy’igenzura cya 5%. Ubukomere bw’ubuso n’uburyo bwo gusya:

Imigozi yo gusya igomba gushyuha mbere yo kuyisya (ubusanzwe irashya ikayizima kugeza ku bukomere bwa HRC 58-62). Ibipimo byo kuyisya bigomba guhindurwa hakurikijwe ubukomere:

Gusya nabi: Koresha uruziga rwo gusya rufite ubugari (60#-80#), genzura ubujyakuzimu bw'urusyo kugeza kuri 0.05-0.1mm, kandi ukoreshe umuvuduko wo kugaburira wa 10-15mm/min.

Gusya neza: Koresha uruziga rwo gusya neza (120#-150#), genzura ubujyakuzimu bw'urusyo kugeza kuri 0.01-0.02mm, kandi ukoreshe umuvuduko wo kugaburira wa 5-8mm/min kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika cyangwa gutakaza ubukana buterwa n'ibipimo bidakwiye byo gusya.

(III) Gusya imigozi: Kugenzura byimbitse uburyo bwo gukora neza no gufungana kw'umwobo

Imigozi ni inkingi y'imigozi izunguruka. Ubuziranenge bw'umwobo wayo n'ubugari bwayo bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku buziranenge bw'imigozi iteranywa neza ndetse no kudahindagurika kw'imiyoboro. Gusya imigozi bigamije ahanini ibice bibiri by'ingenzi: umwobo w'imigozi n'ubuso bw'imigozi. Ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki ni ibi bikurikira:
Uburyo bwo gusya umwobo w'umunyururu:
Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imyobo: Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imyobo y'imigozi ikora neza cyane bugomba kugenzurwa muri H7 (urugero, ku mwobo wa φ8mm, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ni +0.015mm kugeza kuri 0mm). Amapine yo gusya ya diyama (150#-200# grit) n'icyuma gisya umuvuduko mwinshi (≥8000 rpm) bikoreshwa kugira ngo harebwe ingano nyayo y'imyobo.
Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira aho imyobo iherereye: Intera yo hagati hagati y’imyobo yegeranye igomba kuba ≤0.01mm, kandi ikosa ry’ubugari hagati y’umurongo w’imyobo n’ubuso bw’icyuma gifata imiyoboro rigomba kuba ≤0.005mm. Gusya bisaba ibikoresho byihariye no gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa CCD bwo kugenzura icyerekezo.
Ibisabwa mu gusya ubuso bw'umunyururu:
Ikosa ry'ubugari bw'umunyururu rigomba kuba ≤0.003mm/100mm, kandi ubugari bw'ubuso bugomba kugera kuri Ra0.8μm. Gusya bisaba uburyo bwo "gusya impande ebyiri". Guhinduranya imiterere y'umunyururu (umuvuduko w'umurongo ≥ 40 m/s) no kugaburira inziga zo hejuru n'izo hasi bitanga ubushobozi bwo kuba impande zombi z'umunyururu. Byongeye kandi, igitutu cyo gusya (ubusanzwe 0.2-0.3 MPa) kigomba kugenzurwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko umunyururu udahinduka bitewe n'imbaraga zitangana.

III. Igenzura ry'imikorere yo gusya iminyururu ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga rihambaye: Igenzura ryuzuye kuva ku bikoresho kugeza ku buyobozi

Kugira ngo ibyo bisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki bigerweho, gushyiraho ibipimo byo gutunganya gusa ntibihagije. Hagomba kandi gushyirwaho uburyo burambuye bwo kugenzura ibikorwa, bukubiyemo guhitamo ibikoresho, igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibikoresho, kugenzura ibipimo, no kugenzura ubuziranenge.

(I) Guhitamo Ibikoresho: "Ishingiro ry'Ibikoresho" byo Gusya mu buryo bworoshye
Guhitamo imashini isya: Hitamo imashini isya ya CNC ifite ubuhanga bwo hejuru (uburyo ishyirwamo neza ≤ 0.001mm, ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo ≤ 0.0005mm), nka Junker (Ubudage) cyangwa Okamoto (Ubuyapani). Menya neza ko imashini ifite ubuziranenge bwujuje ibisabwa mu gutunganya.
Guhitamo uruziga rwo gusya: Hitamo ubwoko bw'uruziga rukwiye rwo gusya hashingiwe ku bikoresho bigize uruziga (ubusanzwe 20CrMnTi cyangwa 40Cr) n'ibisabwa mu gutunganya. Urugero, uruziga rwa corundum rukoreshwa mu gusya uruziga, uruziga rwa silicon carbide rukoreshwa mu gusya udupira, naho uruziga rwa diyama rukoreshwa mu gusya umwobo w'uruhererekane rw'imigozi.
Imiterere y'ibikoresho byo gupima: Ibikoresho byo gupima bifite ubuhanga buhanitse nka laser diameter gauge, imashini ipima ibintu mu buryo butatu, imashini ipima ubukana bw'ubuso, n'imashini ipima uburebure birakenewe kugira ngo bihuzwe igenzura ry'ahantu kuri interineti no hanze ya interineti mu gihe cyo gutunganya. (II) Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibikoresho: "Inkunga y'ingenzi" yo gutunganya no guhagarara neza

Imiterere y'aho ibintu biherereye: Kora ibikoresho byihariye byo gushyiramo imigozi, imigozi n'iminyururu. Urugero, imigozi ikoresha ibikoresho bibiri byo gushyiramo imigozi, imigozi ikoresha ibikoresho byo gushyigikira inkingi zo hagati, naho imigozi ikoresha ibikoresho byo gushyiramo imyobo. Ibi bituma habaho gushyiramo neza kandi nta gukinwa mu gihe cyo gusya.

Ibikoresho byo gufunga: Koresha uburyo bworoshye bwo gufunga (nk'ubushyuhe bw'umwuka cyangwa hydraulic clamping) kugira ngo ugenzure imbaraga zo gufunga (ubusanzwe 0.1-0.2 MPa) kugira ngo wirinde ko ibice bihinduka bitewe n'imbaraga nyinshi zo gufunga. Byongeye kandi, ubuso bw'aho ibikoresho bishyirwa bugomba gusigwa buri gihe (ku buso bungana na Ra 0.4 μm cyangwa munsi yayo) kugira ngo urebe neza aho bishyirwa. (III) Gukurikirana Ibipimo: "Dynamic Garanti" hamwe no Guhindura mu Gihe Nyacyo
Gukurikirana Ibipimo byo Gutunganya: Sisitemu ya CNC ikurikirana ibipimo by'ingenzi nko kwihuta mu gusya, umuvuduko wo gusya, uburebure bw'umushongi wo gusya, ubwinshi bw'amazi yo gusya, n'ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo. Iyo ibipimo birengeje urugero rwashyizweho, sisitemu ihita itangaza inzogera hanyuma igafunga imashini kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibicuruzwa bifite inenge.
Kugenzura ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe buturuka mu gihe cyo gusya ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera guhinduka kw'ibice no gutwika ubuso. Kugenzura ubushyuhe birakenewe binyuze mu buryo bukurikira:
Uburyo bwo Gusya Amazi: Koresha amazi yo gusya afite ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bwinshi (nk'amazi yo gusya ya emulsion cyangwa ayo gusya ya sintetike) afite icyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo agumane ubushyuhe bwa 20-25°C.
Gusya mu gihe gito: Ku bintu bishobora gukurura ubushyuhe (nk'udupira), uburyo bwo gusya mu gihe gito bukoreshwa mu kwirinda kwikubira ubushyuhe. (IV) Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge: "Umurongo wa nyuma w'Ubwunganizi" kugira ngo ugere ku buryo bunoze.

Igenzura rya interineti: Ibipimo by'umurambararo wa laser, sisitemu zo kugenzura icyerekezo cya CCD, n'ibindi bikoresho bishyirwa hafi y'aho icyuma gisya kugira ngo hakorwe igenzura ryihuse ry'ingano y'ibice n'uburyo imiterere n'aho bihagaze. Ibice byujuje ibisabwa ni byo byonyine bishobora gukomeza inzira ikurikira.

Igenzura ry’ingero z’ibicuruzwa bitari mu buryo busanzwe: 5%-10% bya buri cyiciro cy’ibicuruzwa bigenzurwa hatari mu buryo busanzwe hakoreshejwe imashini ipima ibintu (CMM) kugira ngo harebwe ibimenyetso by’ingenzi nko kwihanganira imyobo no guhindagurika kw’ibice, isuzuma ry’imiterere y’ibice kugira ngo harebwe imiterere y’ibice, n’isuzuma ry’imiterere y’ubuso kugira ngo harebwe ubwiza bw’ubuso.

Ibisabwa mu igenzura ryuzuye: Ku minyururu y’ibyuma ikora neza cyane ikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru (nk’ibikoresho by’indege n’imashini zikora neza), igenzura ryuzuye 100% rirakenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane ko buri gice cyujuje ubuziranenge busabwa.

IV. Imiterere y'Ikoreshwa n'Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza cy'Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gusya Umunyururu w'Amapine Ukoresheje Uburyo Buhanitse

(I) Ingero zisanzwe z'ishyirwa mu bikorwa
Iminyururu ikora neza cyane, ifite ubuziranenge n'ubudahangarwa, yakoreshejwe cyane mu nzego zifite ibisabwa bikomeye byo kohereza:

Inganda z'Imodoka: Imigozi ipima igihe cya moteri n'imigozi itwara imizigo bigomba kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi (≥6000 rpm) n'ingaruka nyinshi, bigasaba cyane ubwiza bw'imigozi n'ubudahangarwa bw'imigozi;

Ibikoresho by'ubwenge: Ibikoresho byo gutondekanya byikora na sisitemu zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu bubiko bwa high-bay bisaba kugenzura umuvuduko neza no gushyira aho biherereye. Ubuhanga bwo gushyira umwobo w'umunyururu hamwe n'ubugari bw'umunyururu bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere;

Ibikoresho by'imashini zitunganya neza: Imiyoboro ya spindle na sisitemu zo kugaburira ibikoresho bya CNC bisaba kugenzura ingendo zo mu rwego rwa micron. Uburyo pin coaxiality n'uburyo chain plate bihagaze neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kohereza neza.

(II) Ibyerekezo by'ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kizaza

Bitewe n'iterambere ry'Inganda 4.0 n'inganda zigezweho, inzira zo gusya imiyoboro y'amapine zigezweho zirimo gutera imbere mu byerekezo bikurikira:

Imashini zikoresha ubwenge: Gushyiraho sisitemu zo kugenzura amashusho zikoresha ubuhanga bwa AI kugira ngo hamenyekane mu buryo bwikora ingano y'ibice n'ubwiza bw'ubuso, bifasha guhindura ibipimo no kunoza imikorere n'uburyo imashini zikoresha;

Gusya icyatsi: Guteza imbere ibinyabutabire byo gusya (nk'ibinyabutabire bishobora kubora) hamwe n'uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura kugira ngo bigabanye umwanda w'ibidukikije; icyarimwe, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gusya rikoresha ubushyuhe buke kugira ngo bigabanye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu;

Gusya ibintu bivanze: Guhuza uburyo bwo gusya ibintu bizingurura, imigozi, n'ibice by'iminyururu mu buryo bwo guhuza ibintu bukoresha "ahantu hamwe", hakoreshejwe imashini zisya za CNC zifite umurongo munini kugira ngo bigabanye amakosa yo gushyira ibintu hagati y'ibikorwa no kunoza uburyo rusange bwo gukora neza.