Imiterere y'iminyururu y'imizingo ibiri

Imiterere y'iminyururu y'imizingo ibiri

Mu rwego rwo kohereza no gutwara ibintu mu nganda, iminyururu ikora ku birenge bibiri, bitewe nuko ishobora kwihutisha intera nini yo hagati no gutakaza umutwaro muto, yabaye ingenzi mu mashini zihinga, mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, no mu bikoresho byoroheje by'inganda. Bitandukanye n'iminyururu isanzwe ikora ku birenge, imiterere yayo yihariye igena neza uburyo ihamye n'imikorere yayo mu ntera ndende. Iyi nkuru izatanga isesengura ryimbitse ry'imiterere y'iminyururuiminyururu y'imizingo ibirimu buryo butatu: isesengura ry'ibanze ry'imiterere, imiterere y'igishushanyo mbonera, n'isano ry'imikorere, bitanga icyerekezo cy'umwuga cyo guhitamo, gukoresha, no kubungabunga.

I. Isesengura ry'imiterere y'imirongo ibiri y'uruhererekane rw'imigozi

"Ingufu ebyiri" z'umunyururu w'urukiramende rw ...

1. Imiyoboro y'uruhererekane: Igice cyo gutwaramo "Inzira ndende + Iteraniro ryoroheje"
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umuyoboro: Gukoresha umuyoboro ukubye kabiri uw'umuyoboro usanzwe w'izunguruka (urugero, umuyoboro usanzwe w'ingufu 12.7mm uhuye n'umuyoboro usanzwe w'ingufu 25.4mm). Ibi bigabanya umubare wose w'imiyoboro y'ingufu ku burebure bumwe bwo kohereza, bigabanya uburemere bw'umuyoboro n'uburemere bwo kuwushyiraho.
Guteranya: Igice kimwe cy’imodoka kigizwe n’ “ibice bibiri byo hanze byo gushyiramo + ibice bibiri byo imbere byo gushyiramo + itsinda rimwe ry’ibice bizunguruka,” aho kuba “itsinda rimwe ry’ibice byo gushyiramo kuri buri gice” bisanzwe mu minyururu isanzwe. Ibi byoroshya umubare w’ibice mu gihe binongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo kuri buri gice.

2. Roller na Bushings: "Ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya gukurura"
Ibikoresho bya Roller: Bikozwe cyane cyane mu byuma bidafite karuboni nyinshi (urugero: 10# icyuma) bikorerwa umuti wo gukaraba no kuzimya, bigatuma ubuso bukomera bwa HRC58-62 kugira ngo habeho kudashira iyo bivanze n'umugozi. Ibyuma bitangiza cyangwa pulasitiki y'ubuhanga bishobora gukoreshwa mu kurwanya ingese mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe biremereye. Imiterere y'amaboko: Agakoresho n'umugozi bifite aho bihurira (0.01-0.03mm), mu gihe umwobo w'imbere n'agapira bifite aho bihurira. Ibi bitanga imiterere igabanya gukurura y'urwego rutatu: "gufata agapira + kuzunguruka kw'amaboko + kuzunguruka kw'agapira." Ibi bigabanya coefficient yo gukurura kugeza kuri 0.02-0.05, iri hasi cyane ugereranije n'ingufu zigenda zihindagurika.

3. Amasahani y'iminyururu: "Ubugari bwagutse + Ibikoresho binini" byo gushyigikira icyuma gifata
Igishushanyo cyo hanze: Ibyuma byo hanze n'iby'imbere bifite imiterere ya "mpandeshatu" yagutse, ifite ubugari bwa 15%-20% ugereranije n'iminyururu isanzwe ifite imiterere imwe. Ibi bikwirakwiza umuvuduko wa radial mu gihe cy'imivuduko kandi bikarinda kwangirika kw'inkombe z'iminyururu.
Ubunini bw'umuvuduko: Bitewe n'umuvuduko, ubunini bw'umuvuduko w'amapine busanzwe ni 3-8 mm (ugereranije na 2-5 mm ku minyururu isanzwe). Bikozwe mu cyuma gikomeye cya karuboni (nka 40MnB) binyuze mu kuzimya no gushyushya, amapine y'umuvuduko agira imbaraga zo gukurura za 800-1200 MPa, byujuje ibisabwa ku muvuduko wo gukurura w'amapine maremare.

4. Pin: Urufunguzo rwo guhuza "Ubugari Buto + Igice Kirekire"
Igishushanyo cy'umurambararo: Kubera ko umurambararo munini, umurambararo w'umurambararo ni muto gato ugereranije n'uw'umuyoboro usanzwe ufite imiterere imwe (urugero, umurambararo w'umurambararo w'umuyoboro ni 7.94mm, mu gihe umurambararo w'umuyoboro w'umurambararo w'umuyoboro w'umurambararo ni 6.35mm). Ariko, uburebure bwikubye kabiri, bigatuma habaho guhuza guhamye hagati y'imiyoboro yegeranye ndetse no mu miyoboro minini.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso: Ubuso bw'agapira bukozwe muri chrome cyangwa fosifate bufite ubugari bwa 5-10μm. Ubu buryo bwongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese kandi bugabanya uburyaryate bugenda buhindagurika n'imbere mu gice cy'inyuma cy'agapira, bigatuma igihe cyo kunanirwa kigera (ubusanzwe kigera ku masaha 1000-2000 yo gutwara).

II. Isano nyamukuru hagati y'igishushanyo mbonera cy'inyubako n'imikorere: Kuki urunigi rw'imizingo ibiri rukwiriye kohereza ubutumwa bw'igihe kirekire?

Imiterere y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ufite uburebure bubiri irenze kongera ingano gusa. Ahubwo, ireba ibisabwa by'ingenzi byo "gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi hagati no hagati" kandi ikagera ku ntego eshatu z'ingenzi zo "kugabanya uburemere, kugabanya gukurura no guhagarara neza." Ishingiro ry'imikoranire yihariye ni iri rikurikira:

1. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umuvuduko muremure → Kugabanya uburemere bw'umunyururu n'ikiguzi cyo kuwushyiraho
Ku ntera imwe yo kohereza ubutumwa, umugozi w’ingufu ebyiri ufite kimwe cya kabiri cy’umubare w’imigozi nk’umugozi usanzwe. Urugero, ku ntera yo kohereza ubutumwa ya metero 10, umugozi usanzwe (12.7mm pitch) usaba imigozi 787, mu gihe umugozi w’ingufu ebyiri (25.4mm pitch) usaba imigozi 393 gusa, bigabanyije uburemere bw’umugozi ku kigero cya 40%.

Uku kugabanuka k'uburemere bigabanya "umutwaro wo hejuru" wa sisitemu yo gutwara ibintu, cyane cyane mu bihe byo gutwara ibintu bihagaze cyangwa birebera (nk'imashini zitunganya ibintu). Ibi bigabanya umutwaro wa moteri kandi bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu (ingufu zapimwe zingana na 8%-12%).

2. Ibyuma binini by'iminyururu + Udupira twinshi cyane → Uburyo bworoshye bwo guhagarara
Mu buryo bwo kohereza ubutumwa burebure (urugero, intera yo hagati irenga metero 5), iminyururu ikunze kugwa bitewe n'uburemere bwayo. Iminyururu minini yongera ubuso bwo guhuzamo imiyoboro (30% biruta iminyururu isanzwe), bigabanya inzira yo gusohoka mu gihe cyo kwinjira (inzira yo gusohoka igenzurwa kugeza kuri 0.5mm).
Udupira ture turerire, hamwe n'aho duhurira, bibuza imiyoboro y'uruhererekane gucika intege mu gihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa bwihuse (≤300 rpm), bikanatuma uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa bukora neza (ikosa ryo kohereza ubutumwa ≤0.1mm/metero).

3. Imiterere yo kugabanya gukurura kw'ibyiciro bitatu → Ikwiriye umuvuduko muke kandi iramba
Iminyururu ifite umuvuduko muto ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro ifite umuvuduko muto (ubusanzwe ni ≤300 rpm, ugereranije na 1000 rpm ku minyururu isanzwe). Imiterere y'iminyururu ifite urwego rutatu ikwirakwiza neza ubwivumbure butajegajega ku muvuduko muto, ikarinda kwangirika kw'ibice by'imashini. Amakuru y'ibizamini by'ubuhinzi agaragaza ko mu mashini z'ubuhinzi (nk'umunyururu utwara imizigo w'icyuma gikurura amazi), iminyururu ifite umuvuduko muto ishobora kugira ubuzima bwiza inshuro 1.5-2 ugereranije n'iminyururu isanzwe, bigabanyije inshuro zo kuyibungabunga.

III. Ibiranga imiterere yagutse: Guhitamo no kubungabunga ingingo z'ingenzi ku minyururu ibiri izunguruka

Hashingiwe ku miterere y’imiterere yavuzwe haruguru, guhitamo no kubungabunga byihariye birakenewe mu mikoreshereze nyayo kugira ngo umusaruro wazo wongererwe.

1. Guhitamo: Ibipimo by'imiterere bihuye hashingiwe ku "Intera y'aho transmission Center + Ubwoko bw'umutwaro"
Ku ntera yo hagati irenga metero 5, iminyururu ifite imigozi ibiri ni yo ikundwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko iminyururu isanzwe ishobora kuyishyiraho igoramye bitewe n’umubare munini w’iminyururu.

Ku bijyanye no gutwara imizigo yoroheje (imizigo iri munsi ya 500N), ibyuma bito by'iminyururu (3-4mm) bifite imigozi ya pulasitiki bishobora gukoreshwa mu kugabanya ikiguzi. Ku bijyanye no kohereza imizigo iremereye (imizigo irengeye 1000N), ibyuma binini by'imigozi (6-8mm) bifite imigozi ya kaburimbo birasabwa kugira ngo bikomeze gukomera.

2. Kubungabunga: Ibande ku "Aho Guhangana + Guhangana" kugira ngo wongere igihe cyo kubaho.
Gusiga amavuta asanzwe: Buri masaha 50 y'akazi, shyira amavuta ashingiye kuri lithium (Ubwoko bwa 2#) mu cyuho kiri hagati y'umuzingo n'umuzingo kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw'umuzingo bitewe no gukururana kwumye.
Igenzura ry'Umuvuduko: Kubera ko imivuduko miremire ishobora kurekura, hindura icyuma gitera imbaraga buri masaha 100 y'akazi kugira ngo umugozi ugume uri hagati ya 1% (urugero, ku ntera ya metero 10 hagati, komeza kurekura ≤ 100mm) kugira ngo wirinde gucikamo ibice.

Umwanzuro: Imiterere ni yo igena agaciro. "Ibyiza by'iminyururu ibiri ikora neza" bituruka ku buryo bwo gushushanya neza.
Imiterere y'iminyururu izunguruka ifite imigozi ibiri ikemura neza icyifuzo cya "transmission igenda hagati-kure" - igabanya uburemere bukabije binyuze mu gukanda ndende, ikongera ubusugire binyuze mu miyoboro minini n'imigozi ikomeye cyane, kandi ikongera ubuzima binyuze mu miyoboro igabanya imbaraga igenda izamuka ifite ibyiciro bitatu. Byaba ari ugutwara imashini z'ubuhinzi intera ndende cyangwa kohereza ibikoresho by'ubucukuzi mu buryo bwihuse, guhuza imiterere n'imikorere byabyo bituma biba igice kidasimburwa cy'itumanaho mu rwego rw'inganda.