Guhitamo uburyo bwo kuzimya iminyururu y'icyuma ifite ubunini bwa # 45: imikorere, ikoreshwa n'igereranya
Mu rwego rw'inganda zikora imashini, umuyoboro w'ibyuma ni igice cy'ingenzi cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa, kandi imikorere yawo igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere myiza n'ubwizerwe bw'ibikoresho bya mashini. Umuyoboro w'ibyuma wa 45# ukoreshwa cyane bitewe nuko uhendutse kandi ufite imiterere iciriritse ya mashini, kandi inzira yo kuzimya ni ingenzi mu kunoza ubukana bwawo, imbaraga zawo no kudashira. Guhitamo uburyo bwo kuzimya bigena ubwiza bw'ingaruka zo kuzimya. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma mu buryo bwimbitse uburyo bwo kuzimya bukwiriye umuyoboro w'ibyuma wa 45# kugira ngo bifashe abaguzi mpuzamahanga n'abakora ibicuruzwa mu bucuruzi kunoza imikorere y'ibicuruzwa no kongera agaciro k'ubucuruzi.
1. Ibiranga n'ibisabwa ku kuzimya umunyururu w'icyuma wa 45#
Ibyuma 45# ni icyuma gikoreshwa mu buryo bwa karuboni buringaniye gifite imiterere myiza ya tekiniki, nko gukomera cyane, ubukana n'ubukomezi, ndetse n'ikoranabuhanga ryiza ryo gutunganya, bituma kiba ibikoresho byiza byo gukora iminyururu y'imizingo. Ariko, gukomera kwayo ni guke cyane, cyane cyane mu bice binini, kandi biragoye kubona imiterere imwe ya martensitic mu gihe cyo kuzimya. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa n'iminyururu y'imizingo mu bijyanye n'ubukomezi bwinshi, kudashira no kumara igihe kinini unaniwe, ni ngombwa guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kuzimya kugira ngo bukonje vuba kandi bungana kandi bunoze uburebure bw'urwego rukomeye n'imikorere rusange y'ibice.
2. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuzimya ibintu n'imiterere yabyo
(I) Amazi
Amazi ni yo akoreshwa cyane kandi ahendutse cyane mu kuzimya umuriro, afite igipimo cyo gukonjesha kinini, cyane cyane mu gace k'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibi bituma ashobora gukonjesha vuba iminyururu y'ibyuma ifite ubugari bwa # 45, bifasha mu gukora imiterere ya martensitic, bityo bikanoza ubukana n'imbaraga. Urugero, nyuma yo gucukura burundu, icyuma gito cya modulus gikozwe mu cyuma gifite ubugari bwa # 45 gifatwa vuba kandi kigashyirwa mu bwogero bw'amazi kugira ngo kizimye hakoreshejwe imashini izimya umuriro. Ubukana bw'igikoresho bushobora kugera hejuru ya HRC45, kandi nta gucika kw'umuvuduko, kandi imikorere iba myiza kuruta iyo mu buryo busanzwe. Ariko, igipimo cyo gukonjesha cy'amazi mu gace k'ubushyuhe buke ni cyihuta cyane, bishobora gutera ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko w'imiterere ku buso bw'igikoresho, byongera ibyago byo kwangirika, cyane cyane ku bice by'iminyururu bifite imiterere igoye cyangwa ingano nini.
(II) Amavuta
Igipimo cyo gukonjesha amavuta gitinda kurusha icy'amazi, kandi umuvuduko uba umwe mu gihe cyose cyo gukonjesha. Ibi bituma amavuta aba uburyo bworoshye bwo kuzimya, bushobora kugabanya neza uburyo bwo kuzimya no gucika. Amavuta y'ubutare ni amwe mu mavuta akoreshwa cyane yo kuzimya, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukonjesha bushobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe guhindura ubushyuhe bw'amavuta, inyongera, nibindi. Ku bice by'iminyururu y'icyuma ya 45# bifite ibisabwa neza kandi bifite imiterere igoye, nk'amasahani y'iminyururu, kuzimya amavuta bishobora gutuma habaho ubuziranenge bwiza n'imiterere myiza ya mekanike. Ariko, igipimo cyo gukonjesha amavuta kiratinda, bishobora gutuma ibice bimwe na bimwe bito cyangwa bifite inkuta ntoya bikomera nabi, kandi ntibishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo gukomera cyane no gukomera cyane.
(III) Umuti w'amazi y'umucanga
Igipimo cyo gukonjesha cy'amazi kiri hagati y'amazi n'amavuta, kandi imiterere y'ubukonje ishobora guhinduka habayeho guhindura urugero rw'umunyu n'ubushyuhe bw'amazi. Muri rusange, ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bw'amazi y ...
(IV) Umuti w'amazi urimo kalisiyumu kloride
Nk'uburyo bwo kuzimya neza, umuti w'amazi wa kalisiyumu chloride ukora neza mu kuzimya umuyoboro w'ibyuma 45#. Imiterere yawo yihariye yo gukonjesha ishobora gutanga ubukonje bwihuse mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi umuvuduko wo gukonjesha ukagabanuka mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe buke, bityo bikagabanya neza imbaraga zo kuzimya no kugabanya imiterere n'uburyo bwo gucika kw'ibikoresho. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko iyo uzimya imiyoboro y'ibyuma 45# hamwe n'umuti wuzuye wa kalisiyumu chloride 20℃, ubukana bw'imiyoboro bushobora kugera kuri 56~60HRC, kandi imiterere y'umurambararo w'imbere ni nto cyane, ubushobozi bwo gukomera burakomeye, kandi imikorere yuzuye n'igihe cy'akazi cy'imiyoboro gishobora kunozwa cyane.
3. Ingaruka z'uburyo butandukanye bwo kuzimya ibyuma ku mikorere y'umunyururu w'icyuma wa 45#
(I) Ubukomere n'imbaraga
Bitewe n'imiterere yayo yihuse yo gukonjesha, kuzimya amazi bishobora gutuma umuyoboro w'icyuma wa 45 # urushaho gukomera no gukomera. Ariko, niba umuvuduko wo gukonjesha uri vuba cyane, bishobora gutera stress nyinshi imbere mu gikoresho, bigira ingaruka ku buryo urwego rw'umurimo rudahinduka no gukomera. Nubwo gukomera n'imbaraga byo kuzimya amavuta biri hasi gato ugereranyije n'ibyo kuzimya amazi, bishobora kwemeza ko igikoresho gifite gukomera no kudahinduka guke. Umuti w'umunyu n'umuti w'amazi wa calcium chloride bishobora kugera ku buringanire bwiza hagati y'ubukana, imbaraga n'ubukana hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu buryo bwihariye. Urugero, mu bihe bimwe, ubukana bw'ubuso bw'umuti w'icyuma wa 45 # nyuma yo kuzimya hakoreshejwe umuti w'amazi wa calcium chloride wuzuye burushaho kwiyongera ugereranije n'umuti w'icyuma nyuma yo kuzimya hakoreshejwe amavuta ya moteri ya 20 #, kandi imbaraga zo gukurura nazo zirarushaho kwiyongera cyane.
(II) Ubudahangarwa bw'imyenda
Uburyo bwo kuzimya bufite ingaruka zikomeye ku kudashira kw'umunyururu w'imashini. Ubukana bwinshi n'imiterere imwe ni ibintu by'ingenzi bifasha mu kunoza kudashira kw'umunyururu. Gukoresha uburyo bwo kuzimya bufite ubukonje bumwe kandi bukomera neza, nka calcium chloride aqueous solution, bishobora gutuma umunyururu w'imashini w'icyuma wa 45# ugira ubukana bwinshi kandi ukagira imiterere imwe, bityo bikarushaho kunoza kudashira kw'umunyururu. Mu bikorwa bifatika, igihe cy'imikorere y'iminyururu y'imashini ivugururwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gikwiye cyo kuzimya gishobora kongerwa cyane mu gihe cy'akazi kamwe.
(III) Ubuzima bw'umunaniro
Ubuzima bw'umunaniro ni ingenzi cyane ku minyururu izunguruka. Uburyo iminyururu izunguruka n'imiterere y'imitunganyirize bikorwa mu gihe cyo kuzimya bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw'umunaniro. Kuzimya amazi bishobora gutuma iminyururu myinshi izunguruka ku buso bw'umunyururu, bigagabanya igihe cyo kuzimya. Kuzimya amavuta no kuzimya amazi bishobora gukora uburyo bwo kuzimya iminyururu bukwiye, bigafasha kunoza igihe cyo kuzimya iminyururu. Byongeye kandi, nyuma yo kuzimya ukoresheje umuti w'amazi wa kalisiyumu chloride, kuko ushobora kugabanya neza iminyururu izunguruka, umunyururu ushobora kubona uburyo bumwe kandi ugakwirakwiza iminyururu izunguruka, ibyo kandi bigira ingaruka nziza mu kunoza igihe cyo kuzimya iminyururu.
4. Ibintu byo kuzirikana mu guhitamo icyuma kizimya umuriro
(I) Ingano n'imiterere y'ibikoresho by'akazi
Ku bice bito cyangwa byoroheje by'umunyururu w'icyuma wa 45#, nk'iminyururu mito, kuzimya amazi bishobora gukonja vuba kandi bigafata ingaruka nziza zo gukomera bitewe n'uko ubuso bwabyo bunini ugereranyije n'ingano. Ku bice binini cyangwa bifite imiterere igoye, nk'amasahani manini y'umunyururu, kuzimya amavuta cyangwa kuzimya amazi y'umunyu birakwiriye cyane kugira ngo bigabanye impinduka n'imivurungano. Kubera ko igipimo cyo gukonja cy'ibi bice kiba kimwe, bishobora kwirinda ibibazo byo gukonja bitewe n'igipimo cyo gukonja cyane.
(II) Imiterere y'ibikoresho n'imiterere y'ikigo
Imiterere y’ibinyabutabire n’imiterere y’umwimerere y’icyuma cya 45# bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere yacyo yo kuzimya. Urugero, niba ingano ya karuboni n’ingano y’ibintu bivangavanze mu bikoresho bihinduka, bizagira ingaruka ku muvuduko wabyo wo gukonjesha no gukomera. Ku cyuma cya 45# gifite ubushobozi bwo gukomera buke, icyuma cyo kuzimya gifite umuvuduko wo gukonjesha wihuta, nka calcium chloride aqueous solution, gishobora gutoranywa kugira ngo haboneke uburebure buhagije bw’urwego rukomeye. Muri icyo gihe, imiterere y’umwimerere y’ibikoresho, nko kuba hari imiterere ifatanye, imiterere ya Widmanstatten, nibindi, nabyo bizagira ingaruka ku muvuduko wo kuzimya kandi bigomba guhindurwa hakurikijwe imiterere yihariye.
(III) Ingano y'umusaruro n'ikiguzi
Mu musaruro munini, ikiguzi ni ingenzi cyane. Amazi nk'igikoresho cyo kuzimya amazi arahendutse kandi biroroshye kuyabona. Ni amahitamo ahendutse ku bice bito by'umunyururu bikorerwa ku bwinshi. Ariko, kugira ngo hakorwe ibice bito kandi bigoye, nubwo ikiguzi cyo kuzimya amavuta cyangwa kuzimya amazi ari kinini, ikiguzi cyabyo cyose gishobora kuba cyiza kurushaho mu gihe kirekire kuko bishobora kugabanya neza igipimo cy'ibisigazwa no kunoza ireme ry'ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga n'igihe cyo kuyikoresha kigomba gusuzumwa mu buryo bwuzuye.
5. Gukoresha no kubungabunga uburyo bwo kuzimya
(I) Amabwiriza yo kwirinda gukoresha
Mu gihe ukoresha amazi nk'igikoresho cyo kuzimya, witondere ibintu nk'ubushyuhe bw'amazi, isuku n'ubukana. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amazi bugabanya umuvuduko wo gukonjesha kandi bukagira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kuzimya; imyanda n'ubukana bwinshi mu mazi bishobora gutera ibibazo nko kugabanuka k'ubwiza bw'ubuso bw'ibikoresho no gupima ibikoresho. Ku kuzimya amavuta, ubushyuhe bw'amavuta, ubwiza bw'amavuta n'imiterere yo kuvanga bigomba kugenzurwa cyane. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amavuta buzagabanya umuvuduko wo gukonjesha ndetse bikanatera umuriro; kandi kwangirika kw'amavuta bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kuzimya, kandi bigomba gusimburwa no kuyungururwa buri gihe. Gukoresha umuti w'amazi n'umuti wa kalisiyumu chloride bisaba kwitabwaho ku bipimo by'ubwinshi, ubushyuhe n'ibipimo byo kurwanya ingese by'umuti kugira ngo habeho ubukonje buhamye kandi ibikoresho bikore neza mu mutekano.
(II) Aho kubungabunga
Gusuzuma buri gihe ibipimo bitandukanye by'icyuma gikonjesha amazi, nko gukomera kw'amazi, ubukana bw'amavuta n'aho anyura, hamwe n'ubwinshi bw'umunyu n'umunyu wa kalisiyumu kloride, ni ingenzi mu kwemeza ko icyuma gikonjesha amazi ari cyiza. Muri icyo gihe, ikigega gikonjesha amazi kigomba guhora gisukuye kandi imyanda n'ibisigazwa by'amazi bigomba gusukurwa ku gihe. Mu kuzimya amavuta, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo gukumira inkongi kandi ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kuzimya umuriro bigomba gushyirwamo ibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gukonjesha no kuzenguruka bishobora kongera igihe cyo gukora icyuma gikonjesha amazi no kunoza imikorere yacyo yo gukonjesha no kudahungabana.
6. Umwanzuro
Muri make, guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kuzimya bigira uruhare runini mu kunoza imikorere no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'umunyururu w'icyuma wa 45 #. Amazi, amavuta, umuti w'amazi n'umunyururu wa kalisiyumu bifite imiterere yabyo. Mu mikoreshereze ifatika, ingano, imiterere, imiterere y'ibikoresho, icyiciro cy'umusaruro n'igiciro cy'umunyururu bigomba gusuzumwa mu buryo bwuzuye kugira ngo bigere ku ngaruka nziza zo kuzimya. Abaguzi mpuzamahanga n'abakora ibicuruzwa bigurishwa ku isoko bagomba gusobanukirwa neza imiterere n'uburyo bukoreshwa mu kuzimya ibyuma bitandukanye, kongera ubufatanye n'abatanga serivisi zo gutunganya ubushyuhe, kunoza inzira yo kuzimya ibyuma, bityo bikanoza ipiganwa ku isoko ry'umunyururu w'icyuma wa 45 # no guhaza icyifuzo cy'isoko mpuzamahanga cy'ibikoresho byo kohereza ibikoresho byiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-19-2025