Isuzuma ry'abacuruzi bo muri Arabiya Sawudite: Uburyo bwo gushakisha ibicuruzwa byihariye ku minyururu izunguruka

Isuzuma ry'abacuruzi bo muri Arabiya Sawudite: Uburyo bwo gushakisha ibicuruzwa byihariye ku minyururu izunguruka

Mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga bw’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa, isoko rya Sawudite, rifite isoko rikomeye ry’inganda (imashini zikora peteroli, ubwubatsi, ibikoresho by’ubuhinzi, nibindi), ryabaye akarere k’ingenzi ku bacuruzi mpuzamahanga. Gushaka ibicuruzwa byihariye bigenda biba icyitegererezo gikunzwe n’abacuruzi bo muri Sawudite mu rwego rwo kugabanya ibiciro no kunoza uburyo bwo guhuza n’imimerere. Iyi nkuru, ishingiye ku bitekerezo nyabyo by’abacuruzi batatu b’inararibonye bo muri Sawudite, isesengura ingingo z’ingenzi z’uburyo bwose bwo gushaka ibicuruzwa byihariye, itanga ubuyobozi bw’ibanze ku bacuruzi mpuzamahanga.

**Ibiranga Isoko ry'Uruhererekane rw'Amafaranga yo muri Saudi Arabia n'Icyerekezo cy'Amasoko yihariye**
**Impamvu 3 z'ingenzi Abacuruzi bo muri Arabiya Sawudite Bahitamo Gushaka Isoko Ryihariye (hamwe n'Isuzuma Nyaryo)**
**Isesengura ryuzuye ry'uburyo bwo gushakisha ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwihariye (Kuva ku busabe kugeza ku gutanga ibicuruzwa)**
**Ibyiza by'ingenzi byo gucuruza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwihariye mu maso y'abacuruzi bo muri Arabiya Sawudite**
**Inama z'ingirakamaro ku bacuruza ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga kugira ngo bahaze ibyo Abasawudite bakeneye**
**Umwanzuro: Guhindura imiterere y'ibintu ni ingenzi mu gufungura isoko rya Arabiya Sawudite**

**Ibiranga Isoko ry'Uruhererekane rw'Amafaranga yo muri Saudi Arabia n'Icyerekezo cy'Amasoko yihariye**

Nk’ikigo cy’inganda zo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, Arabiya Sawudite ihora iza ku isonga mu turere dukenera cyane ibicuruzwa byinshi. Ibintu by’ingenzi biranga iri soko biri mu ngingo eshatu: Icya mbere, uburyo bwo gukoresha ibintu burimo ibintu byinshi (ibikoresho byo gukuramo peteroli, imashini ziremereye z’ubwubatsi, n’imashini nini z’ubuhinzi zirenga 70%); icya kabiri, ibisabwa kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bihinduke neza ni byinshi cyane (ubudasaza n’ubudasaza mu bidukikije birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ivumbi bigomba kunozwa cyane); icya gatatu, ingano y’ibicuruzwa ni nini kandi urwego rwo kubitanga rurasobanuwe neza (abacuruzi benshi ni bo batanga ibicuruzwa mu turere kandi bagomba gusubiza vuba ibyo bakeneye mu nganda ziri hafi aho).

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, "ingorane zo kumenyera imiterere isanzwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'ibikoresho" byabaye ibintu bikunze kubabaza abacuruzi bo muri Arabiya Sawudite. Gutanga ibicuruzwa byihariye, hamwe n'inyungu zabyo zo "gukora uko bikenewe, guhindura neza no kugabanya ibikoresho," byahindutse amahitamo y'ingenzi. Nk'uko umucuruzi w'ibicuruzwa muri Arabiya Sawudite Abdul Rahman yabivuze, "Guhindura ibicuruzwa si 'ikintu cyihariye', ahubwo ni 'ikintu cy'ibanze' ku isoko rya Arabiya Sawudite—abatanga ibicuruzwa badafite ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibicuruzwa bazagorwa no kubaho mu gihe kirekire."

I. Impamvu eshatu z'ingenzi zituma abacuruza ibicuruzwa byinshi muri Arabiya Sawudite bahitamo kugura ibicuruzwa byihariye (hamwe n'isuzuma nyakuri)

1. Kumenyera imikorere yihariye, gukemura ikibazo cy'iminyururu "idakoreshwa"
Arabiya Sawudite ihura n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ivumbi ryinshi. Iminyururu ikoreshwa mu mashini zikora peteroli igomba kwihanganira ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 120°C, mu gihe iminyururu ikoreshwa mu mashini z'ubwubatsi igomba kurwanya gushwanyagurika k'umucanga. Iminyururu isanzwe ikoreshwa muri rusange ikunze kugira ikibazo cyo gutsindwa cyane bitewe no "kudahuza neza kw'imikorere," mu gihe guhindura ibintu byemerera kunoza ibikoresho (nk'ibyuma bitagira umugese cyangwa aloi z'ubushyuhe bwinshi) n'inyubako (amasahani y'iminyururu yuzuye, imigozi yo gufunga).

“Imiyoboro ya generic roller twaguraga mbere yagombaga gusimburwa buri mezi 3 ku mpuzandengo ku byuma bicukura peteroli. Nyuma yo guhinduranya, igihe cyo gusimbuza cyongerewe kugeza ku mezi 8, kandi igipimo cyo kugura ibikoresho mu nganda zo munsi y’amazi cyiyongereyeho 40%. ” – Mohammed Saleh, umucuruzi wa Jeddah mu bucuruzi bwinshi (ucuruza cyane cyane ibikoresho by’imashini zicukura peteroli)

2. Kugabanya ikiguzi cy’ububiko bw’ibintu no kwirinda ibyago byo “gufunga imari shingiro” Abacuruzi bo muri Sawudite bakunze gukorera mu turere twinshi, bisaba ko habaho uburyo bwinshi bwo kubika ibintu busanzwe, bigatuma imari shingiro nini ifunga ububiko bw’ibintu kandi bikaba byagira ingaruka nyinshi zo kongera ububiko. Gutanga ibicuruzwa byihariye bituma habaho “guhindura igiciro uko bikenewe” hashingiwe ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe, hamwe n’ingano ntoya y’ibicuruzwa, bigatuma hatabaho gukenera ububiko bunini.

“Guhindura ibintu byagabanyije iminsi yacu yo gucuruza ibikoresho kuva ku minsi 90 kugera ku minsi 45, bigabanya imari shingiro yari ihari ku kigero cya 30%, kandi ntabwo tugomba guhangayikishwa n’ibitaragurishwa kandi bitakunzwe cyane.” – Karim Youssef, umucuruzi wa Dammam (ushinzwe ikwirakwizwa ry’imashini z’ubwubatsi mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba)

3. Gukemura ibibazo by’abaturage ni ingenzi mu kunoza "ipiganwa" Nubwo amahame y’inganda zo muri Arabiya Sawudite ahuye n’amahame mpuzamahanga, zimwe mu nganda zo mu gace k’uburasirazuba zifite ibisabwa byihariye ku bipimo byo gushyiraho no guhuza ibikoresho. Guhindura ibikoresho by’ibanze byujuje ibisabwa by’abaturage, bifasha abacuruzi benshi kubona amahirwe yo guhangana kurusha abandi.

“Koperative nini y’ubuhinzi yo mu gace yari ikeneye imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi ifite uburyo bwihariye bwo gupima. Abandi batanga serivisi bashoboraga gutanga gusa uburyo busanzwe. Twabonye amasezerano y’igihe kirekire yo gutanga ibicuruzwa binyuze mu guhindura vuba.” – Abdul Rahman, umucuruzi wa Riyadh (wihariye mu byuma by’ubuhinzi)

II. Isesengura ry'uburyo bwo kugura Roller Chain (kuva ku busabe kugeza ku gutanga)

Hashingiwe ku bunararibonye bw'abacuruzi bo muri Arabiya Sawudite mu gutanga amasoko, inzira yo gutanga amasoko yihariye ishobora kugabanywamo ibice 5 by'ingenzi, buri kimwe kikagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere myiza y'amasoko n'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa:

1. Itumanaho ry'Ibikenewe: Gusobanura "Ibipimo by'ingenzi + Imiterere y'Imikoreshereze"

Abacuruzi bo mu bucuruzi bunini bagomba gutanga ibipimo by'ingenzi: umuvuduko w'umunyururu, umubare w'imirongo, uburebure bw'umunyururu, ubushobozi bwo gutwara, n'ubushyuhe bw'imikorere.

Sobanura icyarimwe uko ibintu bikoreshwa (urugero, "gukwirakwiza ibikoresho byo gucukura peteroli", "imashini z'ubuhinzi mu turere tw'ubutayu") n'ibisabwa byihariye (urugero, "kwirinda ingese", "gusesagura vuba").

Inama: Hitamo abatanga serivisi bashyigikira itumanaho ry’indimi nyinshi (Icyarabu, Icyongereza) kugira ngo hirindwe ubwumvikane buke hagati y’ibipimo.

“Twoherereza amafoto y’imikorere y’uruganda rwo hasi hamwe n’ibishushanyo by’ibikoresho ku mucuruzi. Itsinda ry’abatekinisiye b’uruganda ruvuga Igishinwa ryemeza byose mu Cyongereza, ndetse ritwibutsa kongeramo ibisobanuro birambuye ku bijyanye no ‘kwirinda ivumbi.’ Itumanaho riragenda neza cyane.” – Mohammed Saleh

2. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umuti: Ubufatanye mu bya tekiniki + Icyitegererezo cyo kwemeza
Umutanga serivisi atanga igisubizo cyihariye gishingiye ku byo dukeneye, harimo guhitamo ibikoresho, kunoza imiterere, ibiciro by'ibiciro, n'igihe cyo kubigeza.

Intambwe y'ingenzi: Saba umutanga serivisi gutanga ingero 1-2 zo gupima gushyirwaho (igihe cyo gupima ni iminsi 7-15). Gutanga umusaruro mwinshi bitangira gusa nyuma yo kwemeza ko bihuye.

Icyitonderwa: Sobanura neza uburenganzira bwo guhindura ingero kugira ngo wirinde gutinda guterwa no guhindura ibisubizo.

“Gupima ingero ni ingenzi cyane. Mbere yaho, twasibye isuzuma maze duhita dutangira gukora ibintu byinshi, bituma uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu butujuje ibisabwa n’ibikoresho, bituma dutinda gukora mu minsi 20. Ubu, duhora dusuzuma ingero. Nubwo bifata indi minsi 10, birinda igihombo gikomeye.” – Karim Youssef

3. Gusinya amasezerano: Gusobanura neza "Uburenganzira n'Inshingano + Amahame"

Amasezerano agomba kugaragaza ibi bikurikira: ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibikoresho (urugero, ASTM, ISO), ibipimo by'isuzuma ry'ubuziranenge (urugero, imbaraga zo gukurura, kudashwanyagurika), igihe cyo gutanga, uburyo bwo kwishyura, n'ingwate nyuma yo kugurisha.

Inama ku Isoko rya Sawudite: Shyiramo ingingo zivuga ku "indishyi ku gutinda gutanga ibicuruzwa" na "gusubiza no gusimbuza ibibazo by'ubuziranenge nta mananiza" kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo kugura ibicuruzwa.

4. Umusaruro mu bwinshi: Gukurikirana iterambere ry'aho ibintu bigeze + Igenzura ry'ubwiza bw'aho ibintu biherereye

Mu gihe cyo gukora kw'umucuruzi, abacuruza ibicuruzwa mu bucuruzi bunini bashobora gusaba amafoto cyangwa videwo buri gihe byerekana aho umusaruro ugeze. Hashobora gusabwa kugenzura ibikorwa by'ingenzi (urugero: gushongesha ibikoresho, guteranya imiyoboro y'uruhererekane).

Icyibandwaho cy'ingenzi: Niba uruziga rw'umusaruro rwujuje amasezerano (abacuruza ibicuruzwa byinshi muri rusange basaba iminsi 25-45 kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bigerweho) kugira ngo hirindwe ko gutinda k'umusaruro bigira ingaruka ku isoko rikurikira.

5. Ibikoresho n'Itangwa: Guhuza n'ibisabwa ku bwikorezi mpuzamahanga n'ibijyanye no kwishyura imisoro ku misoro
Hitamo abatanga serivisi bashyigikira ibikorwa byo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu mazi no mu kirere mpuzamahanga, kandi batange inyandiko zujuje ibisabwa mu kwemererwa ibicuruzwa muri gasutamo muri Sawudite (inyemezabuguzi y'ubucuruzi, urutonde rw'ibipakiye, icyemezo cy'aho ibicuruzwa bikomoka, raporo y'igenzura ry'ubuziranenge).

Inama zo gupakira: Koresha ipaki idapfa ubushuhe kandi idapfa kwangirika (nk'ipaki ikoresha umwuka uvamo umwuka + udusanduku tw'amakarito dukomeye), twanditseho ngo "Fagile" na "Irinda ubushuhe," bibereye ahantu ho gutwara abantu mu mazi hashyuha cyane muri Arabiya Sawudite.

“Inyandiko zo kwemerera ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo zatanzwe n’umucuruzi w’Umushinwa zari zuzuye cyane, ndetse zadufashije gushyira amazina y’ibicuruzwa mu Cyarabu. Kwemerera ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo byatwaye iminsi 3 gusa, kimwe cya kabiri cy’umuvuduko w’uwari usanzwe ucuruza ibicuruzwa mu Burayi.” — Abdul Rahman

III. Ibyiza by'ingenzi byo kugura ibicuruzwa byihariye hakurikijwe uko abacuruzi bo muri Arabiya Sawudite babibona

Uretse "guhuza n'imimerere y'akazi, kugabanuka kw'ibikoresho, no gushyira ibicuruzwa mu mwanya wabyo," abacuruzi bo muri Arabiya Sawudite bashimangiye ibyiza bitatu by'ingenzi:

1. Kugabanya ikiguzi: “Guhindura ibintu mu buryo busanzwe nta n'igiciro cyihariye, bihendutse mu gihe kirekire”
Abacuruzi benshi bo muri Arabiya Sawudite bavuze ko nubwo igiciro cy'ibicuruzwa byihariye kiri hejuru ya 5%-10% ugereranyije n'ibicuruzwa bisanzwe, igiciro rusange cy'igihe kirekire kiri hasi bitewe n'igihe kirekire cyo gukora ndetse n'umuvuduko wo gutsindwa ugabanuka. 1. **Iminyururu y'imizingo yihariye ihenzeho 8%, ariko inshuro zo kuyisimbura zigabanukaho 60%, bigatuma ikiguzi cyo gukora ku nganda ziri mu nzira zigana ku isoko kigabanukaho 25%. Biteguye kwishyura iyi nkunga ihendutse cyane.** — Mohammed Saleh

2. **Serivisi Ihagije:** Abakozi bitanze bakemura ibibazo byihuse. Abatanga serivisi zihariye bakunze kugira abajyanama ba tekiniki n'abacunga konti bakurikirana inzira yose yo gutanga amasoko kandi bagasubiza vuba ibibazo nko guhuza ishyirwaho ry'ibikoresho n'ibibazo by'ubuziranenge.

“Igihe kimwe, nyuma yo gutanga ibikoresho byinshi, uruganda rwo hasi rwavuze ko hari ikibazo kidasobanutse mu miyoboro imwe n’imwe y’amashanyarazi. Umucuruzi yateguye ko abatekinisiye batanga ubuyobozi bwa videwo kugira ngo bakosore ibyo bikoresho kuri uwo munsi, maze ikibazo gikemurwa mu minsi 3, bitagize ingaruka ku izina ryacu.” — Karim Youssef

3. **Ubufatanye Buhamye:** “Dushingiye ku Bikenewe, Intsinzi Irambye” Gutanga serivisi zijyanye n’ibyo umuntu akeneye bituma habaho umubano uhamye w’ubufatanye aho “abatanga serivisi bumva ibyo bakeneye, kandi abacuruzi bagurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi babyemererwa.” Kugira ngo bakomeze ubufatanye burambye, abatanga serivisi bakomeza kunoza ibicuruzwa na serivisi zabo, mu gihe abacuruza ibicuruzwa byinshi bashobora gukoresha ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhindura ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bagumane abakiriya babo.

“Tumaze imyaka itatu dukorana n’umucuruzi w’Umushinwa ku bisubizo byihariye. Bakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo barusheho kunoza ibicuruzwa byabo hashingiwe ku mpinduka mu mikorere y’isoko rya Arabiya Sawudite. Igipimo cyacu cyo kugurisha abakiriya cyagabanutse kuva kuri 15% kigera kuri 5%, kandi impande zombi zirimo kwinjiza amafaranga.” – Abdul Rahman