Iminyururu ikora neza cyane mu bidukikije birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Iminyururu ikora neza cyane mu bidukikije birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Ku baguzi b'inganda ku isi, kwizera ko ibikoresho byoherezwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi bigena neza umusaruro n'ikiguzi cyo kuwukora.iminyururu y'ibizingoBikunze guhura n'ibibazo nko koroshya ibikoresho, kwangirika kw'amavuta, no guhinduka kw'imiterere mu bihe by'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ariko, iminyururu y'imizingo yagenewe by'umwihariko ibidukikije bishyushye cyane, binyuze mu guhanga udushya mu bikoresho, kunoza imiterere, no kuvugurura imikorere, ishobora gutsinda izi mbogamizi zikomeye ku bidukikije no kuba ibice by'ingenzi mu nganda zishyushye cyane nko mu byuma, inganda z'imodoka, no gutunganya ibiribwa. Iyi nkuru izasesengura byimbitse agaciro k'iminyururu y'imizingo ishyushye cyane mu buryo bune: amahame ya tekiniki, ibyiza by'imikorere, uburyo bwo kuyikoresha, n'inama zo kugura, itanga ingero z'umwuga mu gufata ibyemezo byo kugura.

1. Imbogamizi z'ingenzi ku bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi ku minyururu isanzwe izunguruka

Mu nganda, ubushyuhe bwinshi (ubusanzwe buri hejuru ya 150°C, no mu bihe bikomeye kugeza kuri 400°C) bushobora kwangiza imikorere y’iminyururu isanzwe izunguruka ku rwego rw’ibikoresho, amavuta, n’imiterere, bigatuma habaho igihe cyo kudakora kenshi no kwiyongera kw’ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga.

Kwangirika k'imikorere y'ibikoresho: Imiyoboro isanzwe y'icyuma cya karuboni cyangwa imiyoboro isanzwe ihura n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma imbaraga zo gukurura no kudashira zigabanukaho 30%-50%. Ibi bishobora gutuma imiyoboro icika, plaque igahinduka, n'ibindi bintu binanirana.
Kunanirwa kwa Sisitemu yo Gusiga: Amavuta asanzwe ashingiye ku mabuye y'agaciro arashira kandi agahinduka karuboni ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 120°C, agatakaza ubushobozi bwo kuyasiga. Ibi bitera kwiyongera k'uburyo bwo gukururana hagati y'imizingo, imiyoboro, n'udupira, byihutisha kwangirika kw'ibice byayo kandi bigabanya igihe cyo kubaho k'umunyururu ku kigero kirenga 50%.

Kwangirika k'imiterere y'ibikoresho: Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora gutuma habaho imiterere idahuye y'ubushyuhe hagati y'ibice by'urunigi, bigatuma icyuho kiri hagati y'ibice by'urunigi cyangirika cyangwa bigatuma bihagarara, bigabanyiriza uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru neza, ndetse bigatera n'ibindi bibazo nk'ihindagurika ry'ibikoresho n'urusaku.

II. Ibyiza bine by'ingenzi by'iminyururu yihariye y'ubushyuhe bwinshi

Kugira ngo hakemurwe ibibazo by’ibidukikije bishyuha cyane, imiyoboro yihariye y’amashanyarazi ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi yavuguruwe binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryihariye, bituma habaho ibyiza bine bidasimburwa by’imikorere bikemura ibibazo by’ubwirinzi bw’ihererekanyamakuru.

1. Ibikoresho Birwanya Ubushyuhe Bukabije: Kubaka "Umurongo" Ukomeye wo Gukwirakwiza
Ibice by'ingenzi by'iminyururu y'ibizingo bishyushye cyane (amasahani y'iminyururu, imigozi, n'imizingo) byubatswe mu byuma birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, byongera ubushyuhe buturuka ku isoko.
Ibikoresho by'iminyururu n'udupira bikunze gukorwa mu byuma bikozwe muri nickel-chromium alloys (nk'icyuma kitagira umugese cya 304 na 316) cyangwa alloys zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi (nk'icyuma cya Inconel 600). Ibi bikoresho bigumana imbaraga zo gukurura zidahindagurika munsi ya 400°C, bifite igipimo cyo kugabanya ubushyuhe ku kigero cya 80% ugereranyije n'icyuma gisanzwe cya karuboni, kandi bishobora kwihanganira ingaruka zikomeye ku mutwaro.
Imigozi n'udukingirizo byubatswe mu cyuma gishyushye cyane cya kaburimbo (nk'icyuma cyahinduwe na SUJ2), bigatuma ubuso bukomera bwa HRC 60-62. Nubwo kuri 300°C, ubushobozi bwo kwangirika buguma hejuru ya 90% by'ubushyuhe busanzwe, bikarinda kwangirika kw'amenyo y'imigozi no gucika kw'amenyo y'iminyururu.

2. Imiterere idahinduka mu bushyuhe: Kwemeza ko ikwirakwizwa ry'ibinyabiziga rikora neza
Binyuze mu miterere myiza y'inyubako, ingaruka zo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe ku bushyuhe bwinshi ziragabanuka, bigatuma umuyoboro uramba neza mu gihe kirekire. Kugenzura neza uburyo bwo gusohora neza: Mu gihe cyo gukora, aho umuyoboro ugarukira hagenwa hashingiwe ku gipimo cyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho (ubusanzwe ni 0.1-0.3mm ugereranyije n'imiyoboro isanzwe). Ibi birinda gufatana bitewe no kwaguka kw'ibice ku bushyuhe bwinshi kandi bikarinda ko umuyoboro uhindagurika bitewe no kwaguka cyane.
Igishushanyo cy'umunyururu ufite ubunini bwa 15%-20% ugereranyije n'iminyururu isanzwe, ibyo bikaba byongera imbaraga zo gukurura gusa ahubwo binakwirakwiza stress nyinshi mu bushyuhe bwinshi, bigabanya ibyago byo kunama no guhinduka kw'umunyururu, bityo bikongera igihe cyo kubaho k'umunyururu inshuro 2-3.

3. Amavuta yo kwisiga ahora ashyushye kandi aramba: Agabanya ubushyuhe bwinshi
Ikoranabuhanga ryihariye ryo gusiga amavuta mu bushyuhe bwinshi rikemura ikibazo cyo kunanirwa kw'amavuta asanzwe kandi rigabanya gutakaza ibice byayo.
Gusiga amavuta atagira inenge: Gusiga amavuta atagira inenge ya molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) cyangwa polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bishyirwa imbere mu mpande n'ibice by'imigozi. Ibi bipfuka bigumana ubushobozi bwo gusiga amavuta buhamye ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya 500°C, nta gushonga cyangwa gukaraba, kandi bitanga ubuzima bwikubye inshuro 5-8 z'amavuta asanzwe. Gushyira amavuta mu bushyuhe bwinshi: Amavuta akozwe mu bushyuhe bwinshi (nk'amavuta ashingiye kuri polyurea) akoreshwa mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe. Aho agwa hashobora kugera kuri 250°C, bigatuma habaho firime y'amavuta ihoraho hagati y'umuzingo n'umuzingo, bigagabanya imikoranire y'icyuma n'icyuma kandi bigagabanya kwangirika ku kigero cya 30%-40%.

4. Kurwanya ingese n'ubushyuhe: Guhuza n'imimerere igoye yo gukora
Ibidukikije bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi akenshi biherekezwa n’ubushyuhe n’ingufu (nk’imyuka ikomoka kuri aside mu nganda zikora ibyuma n’umwuka ushyushye mu gutunganya ibiribwa). Imiyoboro y’ibirahuri ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ubuso kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ikirere.

Gutembera ku butaka: Ibice by'icyuma kidasembuye bikorerwa umuti wo gutembera ku butaka, bigakora filime y'ubugari bwa 5-10μm irwanya ibitero bya ogisijeni na aside mu bushyuhe bwinshi, bikongera ubudahangarwa ku bushyuhe ku kigero cya 60% ugereranije n'icyuma kidasembuye kitavuwe.

Gushyiramo ibyuma bishyushya/Nikel: Ku bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi (nk'ibikoresho byo gusukura umwuka), ibyuma bipfundikiye bishyushye cyangwa bipfundikiye nikel kugira ngo birinde ingese ziterwa n'ubushuhe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bityo urunigi rugakora neza muri ibi bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi butose.

III. Imiterere isanzwe y'ikoreshwa n'akamaro gafatika k'iminyururu y'ibizingo ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi

Ibyiza by'imikorere y'iminyururu ikora ku bushyuhe bwinshi byagaragaye mu nganda nyinshi. Dutanga ibisubizo byihariye byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bugezweho mu nganda zitandukanye, dufasha abaguzi kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga no kugabanya ibyago byo kubura igihe cyo gukora.

Inganda zikoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ubushyuhe bwinshi Ibisabwa by'ingenzi Agaciro k'umunyururu w'umuzingo w'ubushyuhe bwinshi kagaragajwe
Imashini zitunganya ibyuma mu nganda zikora ibyuma, zikora imigozi ishyushye (ubushyuhe 200-350°C) Zihangana n'imitwaro iremereye (50-200 kN) kandi zirwanya ogisijeni mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Imigozi ya Inconel ifite imbaraga zo gukurura za 2000 MPa, bikuraho ibyago byo kwangirika k'umugozi kandi bigatanga ubuzima bw'amezi 18-24 (ugereranije n'amezi 6-8 ku migozi isanzwe).
Amatanura yo gushyushya moteri mu gukora imodoka, imiyoboro yo kumisha irangi (ubushyuhe 150-250°C) Umuyoboro mwiza cyane, urusaku ruto. Imiterere myiza yo gusiga amavuta hamwe n'amavuta akomeye bituma habaho ikosa ryo kohereza ibintu rya ≤0.5 mm kandi bigabanya urusaku ho 15 dB, byujuje ibisabwa mu gukora imodoka.
Ibikoresho byo gutekesha ibiribwa, imiyoboro yo gusukura (Ubushyuhe 120-180°C, ibidukikije bishyushye kandi bifite ubushuhe) Icupa rya 316L ryisukuye, rirwanya ingese rikoreshwa mu kuvura ingese ryujuje ibisabwa na FDA mu rwego rw'ibiribwa, ntirigira ingese, kandi rishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe rihuye n'ibikoresho by'ibiribwa, mu gihe kirekire cyo kubibungabunga. Amezi 12
Inganda z'Ingufu: Sisitemu zo Gutwara Boiler ya Biomass, Amatanura ya Silikoni ya Photovoltaic Wafer Sintering (300-400°C). Gukoresha igihe kirekire, Gusana bike: Roller za Alloy z'ubushyuhe bwinshi + Polyurea Grease: Igipimo cyo kudakora neza kiri munsi ya 0.5% bigabanya gusukura buri mwaka kuva kuri inshuro enye kugeza kuri imwe, bikagabanya 60% mu mafaranga yo gusukura.

IV. Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi byo guhitamo umuyoboro w'urukiramende ufite ubushyuhe bwinshi

Mu gihe uhitamo umuyoboro w'ibirahuri bishyushye cyane, tekereza ku bipimo bya tekiniki, uburyo bwo guhuza porogaramu, n'ubushobozi bw'umutanga kugira ngo umenye neza ko ibicuruzwa bihendutse ku bakiriya bo mu gace k'ubushyuhe.

Kugenzura Ibikoresho n'Ibyemezo by'Imikorere: Gusaba abatanga serivisi gutanga raporo z'imiterere y'ibikoresho (urugero: icyemezo cy'ibikoresho by'icyuma kitagira umugese, raporo z'ibizamini by'umutungo wa mekanike ku byuma bipima ubushyuhe bwinshi), ndetse n'ibyemezo by'imikoreshereze y'ubuso (urugero: raporo z'ibizamini by'umunyu mu kuvura ubushyuhe bwinshi, raporo z'ibizamini by'imikorere y'ubushyuhe bwinshi ku bisiga amavuta) kugira ngo hirindwe ibyago byo "iminyururu isanzwe yafatwa nk'iminyururu ipima ubushyuhe bwinshi."

Ibipimo by'imikorere bihuye: Emeza ubushyuhe bw'uruhererekane, imbaraga zo gukurura, umutwaro wemewe, n'ibindi bipimo hashingiwe ku ikoreshwa ryihariye ry'umukiriya uri hasi. Urugero, inganda zikora ibyuma zishyira imbere iminyururu iremereye ifite imbaraga zo gukurura ≥1800 MPa, mu gihe inganda z'ibiribwa zisaba iminyururu y'ubushyuhe bwinshi yemewe na FDA.

Suzuma ubushobozi bwo gutanga serivisi: Shyira imbere abatanga serivisi bafite ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibikoresho n'imiterere kugira ngo bahuze n'ibihe byihariye by'ubushyuhe bwinshi (nk'ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 400°C cyangwa ahantu hashyuha cyane). Nanone, shyira imbere serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha, nko gutanga ubuyobozi bwo gushyiraho, gutanga inama zo gushyiramo amavuta no kubungabunga, no gutanga ibikoresho byihuse kugira ngo bigabanye igihe cyo kubura ibikoresho ku bakiriya bo mu gace k'ibicuruzwa.