Ubusembwa bwo gusudira imiyoboro ya roller chain

Ubusembwa bwo gusudira imiyoboro ya roller chain

Mu buryo bwo kohereza amakuru mu nganda,iminyururu y'ibizingo, bitewe n'ubushobozi bwazo bwo hejuru n'ubushobozi bwazo bwo gutwara imizigo, byabaye ingenzi mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, inganda, ubuhinzi, n'ibindi. Ubuhunikiro, nk'isano ry'ingenzi hagati y'imiyoboro y'urunigi, bugena mu buryo butaziguye igihe cy'umurimo w'urunigi n'umutekano w'imikorere yarwo. Ku bagura mu mahanga, inenge zo gusimbuza urunigi zishobora gutera gusa igihe cyo kudakora no guhagarika umusaruro, ahubwo zishobora no gutera impanuka z'umutekano n'ikiguzi cyo gusana. Iyi nkuru izatanga isesengura ryimbitse ry'ubwoko, impamvu, uburyo bwo kumenya, n'ingamba zo gukumira inenge zo gusimbuza urunigi, itanga icyitegererezo cy'umwuga ku bijyanye no kugura no gukora ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.

I. Ubwoko n'ingaruka zisanzwe z'ubusembwa bw'imigozi yo gusukamo imashini

Imiyoboro y'imigozi igomba kwihanganira imbogamizi nyinshi z'imitwaro ihindagurika, gukururana, no kwangirika kw'ibidukikije. Inenge zisanzwe, akenshi zihishe inyuma y'isura isa n'aho imeze neza, zishobora kuba imbarutso y'ihungabana ry'umuyoboro.

(I) Uduce: Imbere y'uko umunyururu ucika
Imisenyi ni imwe mu ntege nke zikomeye mu byuma bisudira imiyoboro y'ibyuma kandi ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro by'imisenyi ishyushye cyangwa imisenyi ikonje bitewe n'igihe yakuriye. Imisenyi ishyushye ikunze kubaho mu gihe cyo gusudira, iterwa no gukonja vuba kw'icyuma gisudira hamwe n'imyanda myinshi (nka sulfur na fosifore), bigatuma imvune icika ku mbibi z'ibice. Imisenyi ikonje ibaho amasaha menshi nyuma yo gusudira, ahanini bitewe n'ingaruka zihuriweho zo gusiga imisenyi n'imiterere ikomeye y'icyuma cy'ibanze. Izi ntege nke zishobora kugabanya cyane imbaraga zo gusudira. Muri sisitemu zo kohereza ibintu zihuta cyane, imisenyi ishobora kwaguka vuba, amaherezo igatuma umunyururu ucika, bigatera gufungana kw'ibikoresho ndetse n'abapfa.

(II) Uduce duto: Inzira ikomeye yo kwangirika no kunanirwa

Ubwinshi bw'imyobo mu byuma bisudira buterwa n'imyuka (nka hydrogen, azote, na monoxide ya karuboni) ishyirwa mu gihe cyo gusudira inanirwa gusohoka mu gihe runaka. Ubwinshi bw'imyobo bugaragara nk'umwobo uzengurutse cyangwa umeze nk'uruziga hejuru cyangwa mu cyuma gisudira. Ubwinshi bw'imyobo ntibugabanya gusa ubugari bw'imyobo kandi bushobora gutuma amavuta asohoka, ahubwo bunabangamira imikorere y'icyuma kandi bukongera ubwinshi bw'imihangayiko. Mu nganda zirimo ubushuhe n'ivumbi, imyobo iba imiyoboro y'imyobo yangiza yinjiramo, yihutisha ingese yangiza. Byongeye kandi, mu gihe cy'imizigo ihindagurika, umunaniro ucika ku nkengero z'imyobo, bigatuma ubuzima bw'umunyururu uzunguruka bugabanuka cyane.

(III) Kutagira aho binjirira/Kutagira aho bihurira: "Intege nke" z'imbaraga zidahagije
Kutagira aho bihurira bivuga ko icyuma gihuzwa kidakora neza ku muzi w’icyuma gihuzwa, mu gihe kutagira aho bihurira bivuga ko icyuma gihuzwa kidakora neza hagati y’icyuma gihuzwa n’icyuma cyo hasi cyangwa hagati y’ibice by’icyuma gihuzwa. Ubwoko bwombi bw’inenge buterwa n’umuyoboro udahagije wo gusudira, umuvuduko ukabije wo gusudira, cyangwa gutegura umuyoboro utari mwiza, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwo gusudira budahagije kandi icyuma kigahuzwa budahagije. Iminyururu ifite ubwo busembwa ifite ubushobozi bwo gusudira bungana na 30%-60% gusa by’ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa. Mu gihe cy’imitwaro iremereye, gutandukanya iminyururu bishobora kubaho cyane, bigatuma iminyururu itandukana kandi umurongo w’umusaruro ugahagarara.

(IV) Kwinjira mu bintu bidafite ishingiro: "Umwicanyi utagaragara" wo kwangirika k'imikorere
Uduce duto tw’icyuma dushyirwamo uduce duto ni uduce tudakozwe mu byuma twakozwe mu gihe cyo gusudira, aho uduce duto tw’icyuma tudashobora kuzamuka burundu ku buso bwatwo. Uduce duto tw’icyuma duhagarika uburyo icyuma gikomeza gukoreshwa mu gusudira, bikagabanya ubukana bwabyo no kudashira, kandi bikaba isoko y’ubwinshi bw’imihangayiko. Mu gihe kirekire gikoreshwa, uduce duto tw’icyuma dushobora kuvuka hafi y’uduce duto tw’icyuma, bigatuma umugozi uramba, bigatera uburebure bw’umunyururu, bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kohereza ibintu neza, ndetse bigatuma n’agace gatera icyuma kadakora neza.

II. Gukurikirana umuzi: Gusesengura impamvu nyamukuru zitera inenge z'imigozi yo gusimbuza imigozi

Ubusembwa bwo gusudira imiyoboro ya roller si impanuka ahubwo ni ingaruka z'ibintu byinshi, harimo guhitamo ibikoresho, kugenzura uburyo bikoreshwa, n'imiterere y'ibikoresho. Cyane cyane mu musaruro mwinshi, ndetse no kunyuranya gato kwa parameters bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuziranenge.

(I) Ibintu Bifatika: "Umurongo wa Mbere w'Ubwunganizi" bw'Igenzura ry'Inkomoko

Ubwiza bw'ibikoresho by'ibanze butari ku rwego rwo hejuru: Kugira ngo bagabanye ibiciro, bamwe mu bakora ibikoresho bahitamo ibyuma bifite karuboni nyinshi cyangwa umwanda nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze by'umunyururu uzunguruka. Ubwo bwoko bw'icyuma bufite ubushobozi buke bwo gusudira, bukunze kwangirika no gushonga mu gihe cyo gusudira, kandi ntibugira imbaraga zihagije zo guhuza hagati y'icyuma cyo gusudira n'ibikoresho by'ibanze. Ubudahuye bubi bw'ibikoresho byo gusudira: Ikibazo gikunze kubaho ni ukudahuza hagati y'imiterere y'inkoni cyangwa insinga zo gusudira n'ibikoresho by'ibanze. Urugero, gukoresha insinga zisanzwe z'icyuma gifite karuboni nke mu gihe cyo gusudira umunyururu w'icyuma gifite imbaraga nyinshi bishobora gutuma ikintu cyo gusudira gifite imbaraga nke ugereranije n'ibikoresho by'ibanze, bigatuma habaho "ubuhuza budakomeye." Ubushuhe mu bikoresho byo gusudira (urugero, ubushuhe bwinjizwa n'inkoni yo gusudira) bushobora kurekura hydrogen mu gihe cyo gusudira, bigatera ubushuhe n'ubukonje bukabije.

(II) Ibintu Bituma Ikorwa: "Impinduka z'ingenzi" z'Ikorwa ry'Ibikorwa

Ibipimo byo Gusudira Bidacungwa: Umuriro wo gusudira, voltage, n'umuvuduko ni byo bipimo by'ingenzi bigena ubwiza bwa solder. Umuriro muto cyane utuma ubushyuhe budahagije, bishobora gutuma yinjira neza kandi nta ihuriro ririmo. Umuriro mwinshi ushyushya cyane ibikoresho by'ibanze, bigatera uduce duto no gucika kw'ubushyuhe. Umuvuduko mwinshi wo gusudira ugabanya igihe cyo gukonjesha cya solder pisine, bikabuza imyuka n'ibisigazwa gusohoka, bigatera imyenge n'ibisigazwa. Umuriro no gusukura nabi: Inguni nto cyane y'umuriro n'icyuho kitaringaniye bishobora kugabanya kwinjira kwa solder, bigatuma yinjira neza. Kudasukura neza ubuso bw'umuriro kuva kuri peteroli, ingese, n'ibipimo bishobora gutera gaze n'imyanda mu gihe cyo gusudira, bigatera imyenge n'ibisigazwa guhindagurika.
Uburyo bwo gusudira budakwiye: Mu gukora ibintu byinshi, kutubahiriza amahame y’uburyo bwo gusudira nk’ “gusudira symmetrical” na “gusudira stepped-back” bishobora gutera stress nyinshi mu muyoboro wo gusudira, bishobora gutera gucika kw’ubukonje no guhinduka kw’impinduka.

(III) Ibikoresho n'Ibidukikije: "Ingaruka zihishe" zirengagizwa byoroshye

Ubuziranenge buke bw'ibikoresho byo gusudira: Imashini zishaje zo gusudira zishobora gutanga umusaruro udahamye w'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi, bigatuma habaho ihindagurika ry'inguni no kongera ibyago byo kwangirika. Kunanirwa k'uburyo bwo guhindura inguni y'imbunda yo gusudira bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ishyirwa ry'inguni rihagaze neza, bigatuma habaho ihuzagurika ridahagije.

Kwivanga mu bidukikije: Gusudira mu kirere gifite ubushuhe (ubushuhe burenze 80%), umuyaga, cyangwa ivumbi bishobora gutuma ubushuhe mu kirere bwinjira mu kidendezi cy’amazi, bigatuma habaho imyenge ya hydrogen. Umuyaga ushobora gukwirakwiza arc, bigatera ubushyuhe kubura. Ivumbi rishobora kwinjira mu kidendezi, rigakora ibintu bivanze n’amazi.

III. Igenzura Nyaryo: Uburyo bw'umwuga bwo kumenya inenge z'imigozi yo mu mugozi

Ku baguzi, kumenya neza inenge zo gusudira ni ingenzi mu kugabanya ibyago byo kugura; ku bakora, isuzuma ryiza ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kwemeza ubuziranenge bw'uruganda. Ibi bikurikira ni isesengura ry'uburyo bwo gukoresha n'ibyiza by'uburyo bubiri busanzwe bwo kugenzura.

(I) Gupima Ibidasenya (NDT): "Gusuzuma neza" hatabayeho kwangiza ibicuruzwa

NDT imenya inenge z'imbere n'iz'ubuso mu byuma bisudira bitabangamiye imiterere y'urunigi rw'imizingo, bityo ikaba ari bwo buryo bwiza bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga no gupima umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa.

Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic (UT): Rikwiriye mu gupima inenge z’imbere mu gucukura nk’imyanya, kwinjira mu buryo butuzuye, n’ibice bya slag. Ubujyakuzimu bwayo bushobora kugera kuri milimetero nyinshi kugeza kuri milimetero icumi, bufite ubushobozi bwo hejuru, bugatuma ahantu nyabwo n’ingano y’imyanya. Rikwiriye cyane cyane mu gusuzuma imyanya mu minyururu ikomeye, rigapima neza inenge z’imbere zihishe. Isuzuma rya Penetrant (PT): Isuzuma rya Penetrant rikorwa hakoreshejwe imashini icukura ku buso bwa weld, hakoreshejwe ingaruka za capillary kugira ngo hagaragare inenge zifunguka ku buso (nk’imyanya n’imyenge). Ryoroshye kuyikoresha kandi ihendutse, bigatuma ikwiriye mu gusuzuma imyanya ya roller chain ifite uburebure bwo hejuru.
Isuzuma rya Radiyo (RT): Imirasire ya X cyangwa imirasire ya gamma ikoreshwa mu kwinjira mu gice cyo hejuru, ikagaragaza inenge z'imbere binyuze mu gufata amashusho ya firime. Ubu buryo bushobora kwerekana imiterere n'uburyo inenge zikwirakwira kandi bukunze gukoreshwa mu kugenzura neza ibice by'ingenzi by'iminyururu izunguruka. Ariko, ubu buryo burahenze kandi busaba uburinzi bukwiye bw'imirasire.

(II) Ikizamini cyo gusenya: "Ikizamini cya nyuma" cyo kwemeza imikorere myiza

Gupima kwangiza bikubiyemo gupima ingero mu buryo bwa tekiniki. Nubwo ubu buryo bwangiza ibicuruzwa, bushobora kugaragaza neza ubushobozi nyabwo bwo gutwara imizigo bw'icyuma gisudira kandi bukoreshwa cyane mu gupima ubwoko bw'ibikoresho mu gihe cyo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya no kubitunganya mu buryo bwinshi.

Isuzuma ry'ingufu: Ingero z'imiyoboro irimo imiyoboro zirakura kugira ngo hamenyekane imbaraga zo gukurura n'aho umuyoboro uvunitse, bigasuzuma neza niba umuyoboro ufite intege nke. Isuzuma ry'ingufu: Mu gukurura umuyoboro kenshi kugira ngo harebwe niba imiyoboro yo hejuru isa n'aho igaragara, gukomera no gukomera kwawo birasuzumwa, bigasuzuma neza uduce duto twihishe n'ubusembwa bworoshye.
Isuzuma rya Macrometallographic: Nyuma yo gukosora no gukata igice cy’ubushuhe, imiterere y’ubushuhe igaragara hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza inenge nko kwinjira mu buryo butuzuye, ibice bivanze n’ibinyampeke, no gusesengura ishingiro ry’uburyo bwo gusudira.

IV. Ingamba zo kwirinda: Ingamba zo gukumira no gusana inenge zo gusuka imiyoboro ya roller chain

Kugira ngo hagenzurwe inenge zo mu miyoboro ya roller chain, ni ngombwa gukurikiza ihame rya "kubanza kwirinda, hanyuma hagakurikiraho gusana." Hakwiye gushyirwaho uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge buhuza ibikoresho, inzira, n'ibizamini mu gihe cyose cy'igikorwa, mu gihe buha abaguzi inama zifatika ku bijyanye no guhitamo no kwakira.

(I) Umukozi: Gushyiraho Sisitemu Yo Kugenzura Ubwiza bw'Ibikorwa Byuzuye

Guhitamo Ibikoresho By'ingenzi ku isoko: Hitamo icyuma cyiza cyane cyujuje ibisabwa mpuzamahanga (nka ISO 606) nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze, urebe neza ko ingano ya karuboni n'ibipimo by'umwanda biri mu rwego rwo gusudira. Ibikoresho byo gusudira bigomba kuba bihuye n'ibikoresho by'ibanze kandi bikabikwa mu buryo budashobora guhumeka no kwangirika, bikanumisha mbere yo kubikoresha. Tegura uburyo bwo gusudira: Ukurikije ibipimo by'ibikoresho by'ibanze n'umunyururu, gena ibipimo byiza byo gusudira (amashanyarazi, voltage, n'umuvuduko) binyuze mu isuzuma ry'imikorere, kandi ukore amakarita yo gutunganya kugira ngo bishyirwe mu bikorwa neza. Koresha imiyoboro ikozwe mu mashini kugira ngo urebe neza ingano y'imiyoboro n'isuku y'ubuso. Teza imbere uburyo bwo gusudira bungana kugira ngo ugabanye uburemere busigaye.

Kongera imbaraga mu kugenzura ibikorwa: Mu gihe cyo gukora ibintu byinshi, gerageza 5%-10% bya buri cyiciro kugira ngo upime ibintu bitangiza (byaba byiza uvanze n'ibizamini bya ultrasound n'ibikoreshwa mu gupima), hamwe n'igenzura rya 100% ku bikoresho by'ingenzi. Kora buri gihe isuzuma ry'ibikoresho byo gusudira kugira ngo urebe ko umusaruro uhoraho usohoka. Shyiraho uburyo bwo guhugura no gusuzuma abakoresha gusudira kugira ngo barusheho kunoza amahame y'imikorere.

(II) Uruhande rw'umuguzi: Uburyo bwo kwirinda ibyago byo guhitamo no kwemera ibicuruzwa

Amahame y’ubuziranenge asobanutse: Mu masezerano yo kugura, garagaza ko imashini zikora imigozi zigomba kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga (nka ANSI B29.1 cyangwa ISO 606), garagaza uburyo bwo kugenzura (urugero, gupima ultrasonic ku nenge z’imbere, gupima ubuso bw’inyuma ku nenge z’inyuma), kandi ugasaba abatanga serivisi gutanga raporo z’ubuziranenge. Ingingo z’ingenzi zo kwemerwa aho hantu: Igenzura rigaragara rigomba kwibanda ku kugenzura ko imashini zikora neza, nta cyuho kigaragara cyangwa ngo zigaragare, kandi nta nenge zigaragara nk’imivuniko n’imyenge. Ingero zishobora gutoranywa mu buryo butunguranye kugira ngo habeho ibizamini byoroshye byo gupfunyika kugira ngo harebwe ubusembwa budasanzwe. Ku migozi ikoreshwa mu bikoresho by’ingenzi, ni byiza guha ikigo cy’ibizamini cya gatatu ibizamini bidasenya.

Guhitamo umutanga serivisi wizeye: Shyira imbere abatanga serivisi bemerewe na sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge ya ISO 9001. Suzuma ibikoresho bigezweho byo gukora n'ubushobozi bwo gupima. Niba bibaye ngombwa, kora igenzura ry'uruganda kugira ngo wemeze ubuziranenge bw'imitangire yabo yo gusudira n'uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge.

(III) Gusana neza ibyangiritse: Gahunda zo Gutabara mu Buryo bw'Ibiza mu Kugabanya Igihombo

Ku tuntu duto twagaragaye mu igenzura, ingamba zo gusana zigamije intego zishobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya ko gusuzumwa bundi bushya ari ngombwa nyuma yo gusana:

Imisokoro n'ibice bidafite aho bibohera: Ku buso buto cyane, koresha icyuma gisya inguni kugira ngo ukureho agace kadafite aho kabohera mbere yo gusana imashini. Inenge z'imbere zimbitse zisaba ko imashini iboneka neza mbere yo gusana imashini. Kutagira aho ibohera gato: Imashini igomba kwaguka, kandi imashini n'imyanda bikurwaho bitewe n'uko agace kadafite aho gabohera. Gusana imashini bigomba gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye bwo gusana. Isuzuma ry'imbaraga rikenewe kugira ngo harebwe imbaraga nyuma yo gusana imashini.
Imyanya: Imyanya iragoye gusana. Imyanya mito yo hejuru ishobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe gusya hanyuma igasanwa hakoreshejwe gusudira. Niba uburebure bw'iminyanya burenga 1/3 cy'ubugari bw'umuyoboro cyangwa hari ahantu hapfundikiye, ni byiza ko umuyoboro uhita ukurwaho kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka mbi nyuma yo gusana.