Umuyoboro w'urushundura ugereranije n'imikandara: Inzira yo Guhitamo Ihererekanya Rikwiye ry'Ikoreshwa ryawe

Umuyoboro w'urushundura ugereranije n'imikandara: Inzira yo Guhitamo Ihererekanya Rikwiye ry'Ikoreshwa ryawe

Mu buryo bwo kohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi muri sisitemu za mekanike,iminyururu y'ibizingon'imikandara y'imikandara ni bimwe mu bisubizo by'ibanze bikoreshwa cyane. Nubwo byombi ari ibikoresho byoroshye gutwara, itandukaniro ry'ibanze ryabyo rituma imiterere yabyo itandukanye cyane mu bijyanye n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara, kwihutisha ibidukikije, no kugenzura neza. Guhitamo uburyo bubi bwo gutwara imodoka bishobora gutuma imikorere y'ibikoresho igabanuka cyane, ibiciro byo kubungabunga bizamuka, ndetse n'ibyangiza umutekano, mu gihe guhuza neza imiterere y'akazi bituma sisitemu yo gutwara imodoka iba "inzira y'amashanyarazi" yo gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo buhamye. Iyi ngingo izasesengura imbibi zikoreshwa n'uburyo bwo guhitamo ubu buryo bubiri bwo gutwara imodoka, uhereye ku bimenyetso by'ingenzi by'imikorere no guhuza imiterere isanzwe y'inganda.

I. Itandukaniro ry'Ibikorwa by'Ibanze: Ishingiro ry'Ihitamo

Ishingiro ry'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ni uguhuza imikorere n'ibisabwa. Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi riri hagati y'iminyururu izunguruka n'imikandara itwara imizigo riri mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi nko gukoresha neza amashanyarazi, ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo, no gutakaza ingufu. Iri tandukaniro rigena neza uburyo bwo kuyakoresha mu bihe bitandukanye by'akazi.

II. Igereranya rishingiye ku miterere: Ni ibihe bintu bikoreshwa bikwiriye cyane ku minyururu ikora ku rushundura?

Imiterere y’uburyo imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi ikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza imashini hamwe n’imbaraga z’imiterere y’iminyururu izunguruka biyiha inyungu zidasubirwaho mu bidukikije bikomeye, ibisabwa mu gutwara imizigo iremereye, no mu buryo bwo kugenzura neza. Ubwoko butatu bukurikira bw’ibintu ni bwo busanzwe cyane.

1. Imitwaro iremereye n'ibidukikije bikomeye: Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, Ubuhinzi, n'Inganda zikomeye

Sisitemu zo kohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu mashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro no gusarura mu buhinzi zikunze guhura n'imimerere igoye yo gukora nko ku ivumbi, ingaruka z'ibikoresho, n'imitwaro iremereye ako kanya. Muri ibi bihe, imikandara iragwa no guhagarara bitewe no kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe buterwa no kwirundanya kw'ivumbi, mu gihe iminyururu izunguruka, binyuze mu migozi ikomeye y'udusimba n'amasano, ishobora kohereza imbaraga nini mu buryo buhoraho. Nubwo umunyururu waba utwikiriwe n'ibishishwa cyangwa ibinyampeke, ntacyo bihindura ku mikorere myiza y'umunyururu. Sisitemu y'umunyururu ikoreshwa n'uruganda rw'imashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro, ifite uburebure bwa metero 30, ishobora gutwara ingufu za 200kW mu buryo buhoraho, bigatuma umunyururu ukomeza gukora. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, imikandara isanzwe ikunda gusaza no kwangirika. Ariko, iminyururu izunguruka ya KV ikozwe muri plastiki ikomeye ishobora gukora buri gihe mu itanura rishyushye cyane kuri 180℃, mu gihe kandi ifite ubushyuhe budashira kandi idashira, ihuye neza n'ibyo ibikoresho bitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi bikenewe n'inganda zikora ibyuma.

2. Ibikoresho bishingiye ku buryo bunoze: Imashini zitunganya ibiribwa n'izipakira

Imiyoboro yuzuza ibiryo n'imashini zipakira bisaba kugenzura neza uburyo ibintu bihuzwa kugira ngo harebwe uburyo ibintu bihuzwa, bihuzwa kandi bifungwa. Igipimo gihoraho cy'imiyoboro y'ibizingo birinda guhindagurika k'ingano y'ibizingo bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko. Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro ya pulasitiki ikurikiza amabwiriza y'isuku y'ibiribwa ntikuraho gusa ibyago byo kwanduzwa n'amavuta yo kwisiga ahubwo inagabanya inshuro zo kubibungabunga bitewe n'ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kwisiga, bigatuma biba byiza ahantu hasukuye nko mu miyoboro ikora ibisuguti no mu byuzuza ibikomoka ku mata.

Mu buryo bunyuranye, nubwo imikandara ihuza ibintu ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa neza, mu kirere cy’ubushuhe mu mashami atunganya ibiribwa, ibikoresho bya kabutura bishobora kwinjiza ubushuhe no guhinduka, bigira ingaruka ku kudahindagurika kw’ihererekanya ry’ibiryo, kandi ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza kiri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’icy’iminyururu izunguruka.

3. Ibikoresho bihoraho bikoreshwa igihe kirekire: Guterura ibyambu no gutwara ibikoresho

Imashini zikora ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa "port container crane" n'imiyoboro yo gutondekanya ibikoresho bisaba amasaha 24 ahoraho, bisaba ko sisitemu yo kohereza ibicuruzwa ikora neza cyane kandi ikaba ikora neza. Nyuma yo gukoresha ubushyuhe, imiterere y'icyuma cy'umunyururu wo mu bwoko bwa "roller chain" irushaho gutuma ibyuma n'udupira by'umunyururu biramba. Iyo hakoreshejwe amavuta asanzwe, igihe cyo gukora gishobora kugera ku masaha arenga 5000; mu gihe imikandara isanzwe ya V ikunze kwangirika bitewe n'umunaniro mu gihe cyo gukora kandi akenshi ikenera gusimburwa nyuma y'amasaha 2000, bigatuma igihe cyo gukora kirushaho kuba gito n'igihe cyo kuyitaho byiyongera.

III. Ibyiza byo gukoresha imikandara: Ni ryari umukandara uba mwiza kurusha iyindi?

Nubwo iminyururu izunguruka ifite ibyiza bikomeye, mu bihe bisaba kwihuta cyane, gukora neza, urusaku ruto, n'ikiguzi gito cy'ishoramari rya mbere, iminyururu inyuzwamo imikandara iracyafite amahirwe yo guhangana. Ibi bikurikira ni byo bishyira imbere ibisubizo by'imikandara.

1. Ibisabwa ku muvuduko mwinshi kandi bike: Amafeni, ibikoresho by'imashini, n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo

Ibikoresho nk'abafana n'amapompo y'amazi bisaba gukora ku muvuduko mwinshi (ubusanzwe metero 5-25/s) ariko hamwe n'imizigo mike. Imiterere yoroshye y'imizigo ishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w'ingaruka mu gihe moteri itangiye gukora no kugabanya urusaku rw'imikorere. Imashini ikoresha umukandara wa V-belt, idatuma gusa ikwirakwiza umuvuduko woroshye ahubwo inanoza imiterere y'ibice byakozwe bitewe n'uko umukandara utose.

Ibikoresho byo mu rugo nk'imashini zimesa imyenda na compressors zikoresha icyuma gikonjesha umwuka bikunze guhitamo transmission ihendutse ya V-belt. Imiterere yayo yoroshye n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyishyiraho bigenzura neza ikiguzi cyo kuyikora, kandi birahagije kugira ngo bihuze n'igihe bikenewe mu gihe cyoroheje.

2. Ibisabwa ku rusaku ruke no kugabanya umuvuduko w'amazi: Ibikoresho byo mu biro n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga

Ibikoresho byo mu biro nk'imashini zicapa n'imashini zipima imiterere y'amajwi bifite ibisabwa bikomeye cyane mu kugenzura urusaku n'ihindagurika ry'amajwi. Ihererekanya ry'umukandara rihuza amenyo rituma urusaku rugenda neza binyuze mu gukurura amenyo, mu gihe ubushobozi bwo gupfuka amenyo butuma urusaku ruguma munsi ya desibeli 40, ruri hasi cyane ugereranije n'urusaku rw'iminyururu ikora (ubusanzwe desibeli 60-80).

Nubwo sisitemu yo gutanga serivisi za servo y’ibikoresho bya CNC isaba ubuhanga bwo hejuru, umutwaro ni muto. Imiterere yoroheje y’imikandara ihuza (irenga 30% yoroheje ugereranyije n’iminyururu izunguruka) ishobora kongera umuvuduko w’imikorere ya sisitemu, bigatuma irushaho kuba nziza mu gihe cyo gutangira no guhagarara vuba.

3. Intera nini yo hagati n'ahantu hahendutse: Imashini zikora imyenda n'imbaho

Mu buryo bwo kuzunguruka bw'inganda z'imyenda n'imashini zikora imicanga mu mbaho, intera yo hagati hagati ya moteri n'umugozi ukoreraho ikunze kurenza metero 5. Muri iki gihe, iminyururu ikora imicanga isaba iminyururu miremire, ishobora kunyeganyega no gusaza. Ariko, kohereza umukandara ugororotse bishobora guhinduka intera nini yo hagati binyuze mu guhindura igikoresho gitera imbaraga, kandi ikiguzi cyo kugura mbere ni 1/3 kugeza 1/2 cy'iminyururu ikora imicanga, bigabanya cyane ishoramari ry'ibikoresho.

IV. Igiti cy'ibyemezo byo guhitamo: Intambwe enye zo kumenya igisubizo cyiza cyo kohereza

Mu gihe uhuye n'imimerere yihariye y'akazi, intambwe enye zikurikira zishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo umenye vuba uburyo bukwiye bwo kohereza no kwirinda amakosa yo guhitamo:

1. Sobanura Ibisabwa by'ingenzi: Shyira imbere kumenya niba igipimo nyacyo cyo kohereza gikenewe (urugero, imashini zipakira). Niba ari byo, kuraho imikandara isanzwe ya V; niba ari umuvuduko mwinshi kandi ifite umutwaro muto (urugero, abafana), kohereza imikandara ni byiza kurushaho.

2. Suzuma aho akazi gakorerwa: Niba hari amavuta, umukungugu, ubushyuhe bwinshi (≥80℃), cyangwa ubushuhe, hitamo iminyururu y'imizingo; ahantu hasukuye kandi humutse, tekereza ku ihererekanya ry'imizingo kugira ngo ugabanye ikiguzi. 3. Ibigomba kwitabwaho mu gutwara imizigo no mu gihe cy'ubuzima: Ku ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi rirenze 50kW cyangwa risaba gukora amasaha arenga 10.000, iminyururu y'imizingo myinshi ni yo ikundwa; ku ngufu nke kugeza ku ziciriritse aho kuzimya igihe runaka kugira ngo zisimbuzwe ari byo byemewe, iminyururu y'imizingo ihendutse cyane.

4. Ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga: Mu gihe habuze abakozi b’inzobere mu kubungabunga, iminyururu yo kwisiga ishobora guhitamo; niba nta kwita ku gutunganya amavuta, imikandara ihuza ibidukikije ni ubundi buryo, ariko ubushuhe n’ubushyuhe bigomba kugenzurwa.