Ku rwego rukomeye rw'inganda za none, hari igice gisa n'aho cyoroshye ariko cy'ingenzi gishyigikira bucece imikorere y'imashini zitabarika, ni ukuvuga umunyururu w'imashini. Iyi nkuru izakugeza mu isi yaiminyururu y'ibizingo, kuva ku ihame ryayo ry'imikorere kugeza ku ruhare rwayo rw'ingenzi mu nganda za none. Reka dusesengure hamwe ibanga ry'uyu mutima w'inganda.
Inkomoko n'iterambere ry'iminyururu izunguruka
Inkomoko y'iminyururu izunguruka ishobora gukurikizwa mu 180 mbere ya Yesu, ubwo Ubushinwa bwavumburaga igikoresho cyitwa "chain drive" cyo guterura amapine y'amazi. Ariko, umunyururu nyawo wavumbuwe na Charles F. Kratzer mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19. Yanogeje umunyururu gakondo wo hejuru ugororotse yongeraho iminyururu, byazamuye cyane imikorere n'ubushobozi bw'umutwaro w'umunyururu.
Kubera iterambere ry’impinduramatwara mu nganda, urwego rw’iminyururu ikoreshwamo rwakomeje kwaguka. Kuva ku magare kugeza ku modoka, kuva ku mashini zikora imyenda kugeza ku nganda zigezweho, iminyururu ikora irahari hose. Imiterere yayo kandi ihora ivugururwa kugira ngo ihuze n’umuvuduko wo hejuru n’imitwaro minini.
Imiterere n'ihame ry'imikorere y'umunyururu uzunguruka
Urunigi rw'imizingo rugizwe n'uruhererekane rw'imizingo ifatanye, buri imwe muri zo ikaba irimo ibyuma bibiri by'imizingo n'umuzingo umwe. Imizingo isanzwe ikorwa mu cyuma, mu gihe imizingo ikorwa mu cyuma gikomeye kugira ngo igabanye gukururana no kunoza ubudahangarwa bw'imizingo. Imizingo ihuzwa n'udupira n'amaboko kugira ngo ikore ikintu cyoroshye kandi gikomeye.
Ihame ry'imikorere y'umunyururu uzunguruka rishingiye ku gukururana no guhuza. Iyo isoko ry'amashanyarazi (nk'umuyoboro wa moteri) ritwaye umunyururu, amenyo y'umunyururu uzunguruka hamwe n'ibice by'imbere by'umunyururu uzunguruka, bigasunika iminyururu mu nzira yagenwe. Iminyururu izunguruka hagati y'iminyururu n'iminyururu, ikagabanya gukururana no gutuma ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi rirushaho kuba ryiza.
Ibyiza n'imikoreshereze y'iminyururu izunguruka
Impamvu iminyururu ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda ahanini ni inyungu zikurikira:
Ubushobozi bwo hejuru: Uburyo imigozi izunguruka izunguruka ni nto cyane ugereranyije n'uburyo imigozi izunguruka, bivuze ko ishobora kohereza imbaraga nyinshi iyo ikoresha ingufu nke.
Ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gutwara: Kubera ko hari imigozi, imigozi ishobora kwihanganira imitwaro minini kandi ikwiriye imashini ziremereye.
Iramba: Iminyururu y'imizingo myiza ishobora gukoreshwa imyaka myinshi ibungabunzwe neza, bigabanura ikiguzi cyo kuyisimbura.
Kwizerwa: Imiterere y'iminyururu irasobanutse kandi irasobanutse, kandi ishobora gukora neza no mu bikorwa bigoye.
Imikoreshereze y'iminyururu izunguruka ni myinshi cyane, harimo ariko ntigarukira kuri:
Inganda z'imodoka: Muri moteri y'imodoka, iminyururu ikoreshwa mu kuyobora camshaft kugira ngo ifungure kandi ifunge neza.
Amagare na moto: Iminyururu izunguruka ni yo shingiro ry'uburyo bwo kohereza amagare na moto, yohereza imbaraga z'amapedali ku mapine.
Imashini zo mu nganda: Mu nganda nk'imyenda, gupakira no gucapa, iminyururu ikoreshwa mu gutwara ibice bitandukanye bya mashini kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kugenda neza.
Imashini zihinga: Mu mashini zihinga nk'izisarura na traktori, iminyururu ikoreshwa mu kohereza ingufu no kunoza imikorere myiza.
Kubungabunga no gukemura ibibazo by'iminyururu izunguruka
Nubwo iminyururu izunguruka izwiho kuramba kwayo, kuyibungabunga neza biracyari ngombwa. Dore intambwe zimwe na zimwe z'ibanze zo kuyibungabunga:
Igenzura rihoraho: Reba niba imigozi igaragaza ibimenyetso byo kwangirika, kwangirika, cyangwa kwangirika.
Isuku: Sukura umuyoboro w'ibirahuri buri gihe kugira ngo ukureho ivumbi n'amavuta kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika.
Gusiga amavuta: Siga amavuta y'urunigi akwiye kugira ngo ugabanye gukururana no kwirinda ingese.
Gukosora umuvuduko: Gukomeza umuvuduko ukwiye. Iyo umunyururu urekuye cyane cyangwa ufunze cyane bigira ingaruka ku buzima n'imikorere y'umunyururu.
Iyo umugozi w'uruhererekane w'imodoka unaniwe, ibibazo bikunze kugaragara birimo:
Kwangirika cyane kw'imigozi y'urunigi: Kwangirika cyane kw'imigozi y'urunigi bishobora gutuma umugozi ucika.
Kurambura umunyururu: Gukoresha igihe kirekire bizamura umunyururu buhoro buhoro kandi bigira ingaruka ku gufungana.
Kwangirika kw'umuzingo: Kwangirika kw'umuzingo bizatuma ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi ritagenda neza.
Kuri ibyo bibazo, gusimbuza no gukosora ku gihe birakenewe.
Imiterere y'iterambere ry'iminyururu izunguruka mu gihe kizaza
Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, iminyururu igenda itera imbere buri gihe. Dore zimwe mu nzira zishobora gutera imbere mu gihe kizaza:
Udushya mu bikoresho: Gukoresha ibikoresho bishya, nka pulasitiki ikomeye cyane n'ibikoresho bivanze, bishobora gutuma iminyururu y'imizingo yoroshye kandi iramba.
Ubwenge: Iminyururu ikora hamwe n'ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bishobora kugenzura uko ibintu bimeze mu gihe nyacyo no guhanura ibikenewe mu kubungabunga.
Igishushanyo mbonera kidahungabanya ibidukikije: Ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa no gukoresha ingufu nke bizatuma iminyururu y'amapine irushaho kuba myiza ku bidukikije.
Guhindura: Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D, iminyururu y'amapine isanzwe izashoboka kugira ngo ihuze n'ibyo porogaramu zikeneye.
Umwanzuro
Umunyururu w'uruhererekane, umutima w'inganda n'ingufu z'imashini, ushyigikira imikorere y'inganda zigezweho hamwe n'imiterere yazo yoroshye kandi ikomeye. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga, umunyururu w'uruhererekane uzakomeza kugira uruhare rudasimburwa mu rwego rw'inganda. Gusobanukirwa umunyururu w'uruhererekane ni ugusobanukirwa inkingi y'inganda no gusobanukirwa ingenzi y'imashini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-18-2024