Ibisobanuro by'urunigi rw'imizingo n'ingero

Ibisobanuro by'urunigi rw'imizingo n'ingero

I. Intangiriro ku minyururu izunguruka
Iminyururu y'imizingo ni ibice bya mekanike bikoreshwa cyane mu buryo bwo kohereza no gutwara ibintu mu nganda. Igizwe n'ibice by'imbere n'inyuma, imisumari, imisumari, n'imizingo. Ikora binyuze mu kohereza imbaraga binyuze mu miyoboro y'imizingo n'imizingo. Ifite imiterere mito, ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibintu bwinshi, kandi ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutwara ibintu. Iminyururu y'imizingo iza mu buryo butandukanye, ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye no mu mikorere itandukanye.

II. Gushyira mu byiciro iminyururu y'imizingo
(I) Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe ikoreshwa
Iminyururu yo gutwara: Ikoreshwa mu kohereza ingufu, nko muri sisitemu yo gukoresha igihe cya moteri y'imodoka no mu kohereza imashini z'inganda.
Imiyoboro y'ibicuruzwa bitwara abantu: Ikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu, nko mu gutunganya ibiribwa no mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho.
Iminyururu yo gukurura: Ikoreshwa mu guterura no gukurura ibikoresho, nk'amamashini yo guterura no gukurura imizigo.
(II) Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe imiterere
Iminyururu ifite umugozi umwe: Igizwe n'umurongo umwe w'imirongo, ikwiriye kohereza imizigo yoroheje n'imizigo iringaniye.
Iminyururu ifite imigozi myinshi: Igizwe n'imirongo myinshi y'imirongo, ikwiriye imitwaro iremereye no kohereza ingufu nyinshi. (III) Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe Ibipimo
Urukurikirane: Rukurikiza amahame ya Amerika kandi rukwiriye kohereza ubutumwa bwihuse, buremereye, kandi bukoreshwa mu buryo bw'ingenzi.
B Series: Ijyanye n'amahame y'i Burayi kandi ikwiriye kohereza amakuru muri rusange.

III. Ibisobanuro by'urunigi rw'imizingo n'ingero
(I) Ibisobanuro by'uruhererekane rw'imizingo n'ingero
Ameza
Kopisha
Imiterere y'umunyururu (mm) Umurambararo wo hanze w'umunyururu (mm) Ubugari bw'imbere bw'umunyururu (mm) Umurambararo w'umunyururu (mm) Uburebure bw'umunyururu (mm) Umutwaro w'umunyururu (N) Uburemere kuri metero (kg/m)
08A 12.70 7.95 7.85 3.96 12.07 13800 0.60
10A 15.875 10.16 9.40 5.08 15.09 21800 1.00
12A 19.05 11.91 12.57 5.95 18.08 31100 1.50
16A 25.40 15.88 15.75 7.94 24.13 55600 2.60
20A 31.75 19.05 18.90 9.54 30.18 86700 3.80
24A 38.10 22.23 25.22 11.10 36.20 124600 5.60
28A 44.45 25.40 25.22 12.70 42.24 169000 7.50
32A 50.80 28.53 31.55 14.29 48.26 222400 10.10
40A 63.50 39.68 37.85 19.34 60.33 347000 16.10
48A 76.20 47.63 47.35 23.30 72.39 500 400 22.60
(II) Ibisobanuro by'uruhererekane rw'imizingo ya B Series Roller Chain n'ingero
Ameza
Kopisha
Imiterere y'umunyururu (mm) Umurambararo wo hanze w'umunyururu (mm) Ubugari bw'imbere bw'umunyururu (mm) Umurambararo w'umunyururu (mm) Uburebure bw'umunyururu (mm) Umutwaro w'umunyururu uhoraho (N) Uburemere kuri metero (kg/m)
08B 12.70 8.51 7.75 4.45 13.92 14300 0.60
10B 15.875 10.16 8.60 5.08 16.59 22200 1.00
12B 19.05 12.07 10.50 5.95 19.46 31800 1.50
16B 25.40 15.88 15.40 7.94 24.13 56700 2.60
20B 31.75 19.05 17.70 9.54 30.18 87000 3.80
24B 38.10 25.40 22.90 11.10 36.20 125000 5.60
28B 44.45 27.94 28.50 12.70 42.24 169000 7.50
32B 50.80 29.21 31.55 14.29 48.26 222400 10.10

IV. Imiterere y'icyitegererezo cy'urunigi rw'imizingo
Icyitegererezo cy'umunyururu uzunguruka ubusanzwe kigizwe n'umubare w'umunyururu, umubare w'imirongo, umubare w'amasano, n'umubare usanzwe. Urugero:
08A-1-86 GB1243.1-83: igaragaza umunyururu w'uruhererekane rwa A ufite umuvuduko wa mm 12.70, umurongo umwe, imiyoboro 86, kandi wakozwe hakurikijwe GB1243.1-1983.

V. Ingingo z'ingenzi zo guhitamo iminyururu y'urushundura
(I) Guhitamo Hashingiwe ku ikoreshwa
Imiyoboro y'imodoka: Ikwiriye uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru busaba ubwiza buhanitse kandi bwizewe cyane, nka moteri z'imodoka n'imashini z'inganda.
Imiyoboro y'ibinyabiziga: Ikwiriye uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu, nko gutunganya ibiribwa no kubitunganya.
Iminyururu yo gukurura: Ikwiriye ibikoresho byo guterura no gukurura, nka forklift na crane.
(II) Guhitamo hashingiwe ku miterere y'akazi
Ubwoko bw'umutwaro: Hitamo icyitegererezo cy'umunyururu gikwiye hashingiwe ku bunini n'imiterere y'umutwaro. Urugero, umunyururu w'imirongo myinshi ugomba gutoranywa kugira ngo ukoreshwe mu mirimo iremereye.
Ibisabwa ku muvuduko: Hagomba gutoranywa umuyoboro wa A series roller kugira ngo ukoreshwe mu muvuduko wo hejuru. Imiterere y'ibidukikije: Mu bidukikije bikomeye, nko mu bushyuhe bwinshi n'ibidukikije byangiza, hitamo umuyoboro urinda ingese kandi urinda ubushyuhe.
(3) Tekereza ku kiguzi cyo kubungabunga no gusimbuza
Igihe cyo gukora: Hitamo umunyururu uramba cyane kandi udashobora gucika intege kugira ngo wongere igihe cyo gukora.
Ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga: Hitamo urunigi rworoshye kubungabunga no gusimbuza kugira ngo ugabanye ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga.

VI. Kubungabunga no kwita ku munyururu w'urushundura
(I) Isuku
Sukura umunyururu buri gihe kugira ngo ukureho amavuta, ivumbi n'imyanda kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika.
(II) Gusiga amavuta
Siga amavuta cyangwa amavuta akwiye kuri uru runigi buri gihe kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika no kwangirika.
(III) Igenzura
Suzuma umunyururu buri gihe niba ushaje kandi usimbuze iminyururu yose yashaje cyane vuba.
(IV) Ivugurura
Hindura buri gihe umuvuduko w'urunigi kugira ngo urebe ko umuvuduko ukwiye mu gihe cy'imikorere.

VII. Isesengura ry'Isoko ry'Uruhererekane rw'Amafaranga
(I) Ingano y'isoko
Isoko ry’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa ku isi ryagaragaje iterambere rirambye mu myaka mike ishize. Nk’uko raporo z’ubushakashatsi ku isoko zibigaragaza, isoko ry’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa ku isi ryageze kuri miliyari z’amadolari mu 2023 kandi byitezwe ko rizakomeza kwiyongera ku mibare ibiri mu myaka mike iri imbere.
(II) Gutandukanya isoko
Isoko ry'uruhererekane rw'imizingo rishobora kugabanywamo ibice hashingiwe ku ngano zitandukanye:
Ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa: Urukurikirane rwa A, urukurikirane rwa B, urukurikirane rwa C, nibindi.
Binyuze mu ikoreshwa: iminyururu yo kohereza, iminyururu yo kohereza, iminyururu yo gukurura, nibindi. Binyuze mu karere: Amerika ya Ruguru, Uburayi, Aziya Pasifika, Amerika y'Epfo, Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati na Afurika, nibindi.
(III) Abakinnyi Bakomeye ku Isoko
Abakinnyi bakomeye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa ku isi barimo ibirango bizwi cyane nka Tsubaki, Renold, na Ina. Ibi birango bifite isoko rinini bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga ryabyo rigezweho, ibicuruzwa byiza, na serivisi nziza nyuma yo kugurisha.
(IV) Abayobora Isoko
Iterambere ry'isoko ry'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi riterwa ahanini n'ibintu bikurikira:
Ikoranabuhanga mu by’Ikoranabuhanga: Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu by’Ikoranabuhanga mu by’Ikoranabuhanga, icyifuzo cy’uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru bukora neza kandi bwizewe gikomeje kwiyongera.
Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga: Gukoresha ibikoresho bishya n'ikoranabuhanga byazamuye imikorere n'ubuzima bw'iminyururu izunguruka.
Amasoko Akiri Kuzamuka: Iterambere ryihuse ry’amasoko ari kuzamuka nk’akarere ka Aziya na Pasifika ryatanze umwanya munini w’iterambere ry’isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’inganda.
(V) Imbogamizi ku isoko
Nubwo isoko ry’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa bifite amahirwe menshi yo gutera imbere, rinahura n’imbogamizi nyinshi:
Ihiganwa ry'ibiciro: Ihiganwa rikomeye ku isoko ryatumye igitutu cy'ibiciro cyiyongera.
Umupaka wa tekiniki: Gukora iminyururu ikora neza cyane bisaba ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho bigezweho, bigatuma habaho umupaka uri hejuru wa tekiniki.
Ibisabwa ku bidukikije: Amabwiriza akomeye yo kurengera ibidukikije yashyize ibisabwa byinshi ku ikorwa n'ikoreshwa ry'iminyururu izunguruka.

VIII. Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza ku minyururu izunguruka
(I) Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga
Mu gihe kizaza, iminyururu izunguruka izagira iterambere rikomeye mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga. Urugero, gukoresha ibikoresho birwanya kwangirika no kwangirika bizarushaho kongera igihe cy'imikorere y'umunyururu; guteza imbere sisitemu zo gusiga amavuta zinoze kugira ngo zigabanye kwangirika no kwangirika; no kongeramo ibindi bintu, nk'uburyo bwo kugenzura bw'ubwenge, kugira ngo harebwe uko umunyururu uhagaze mu gihe nyacyo.

(II) Kwaguka kw'Isoko
Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’isi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, isoko ry’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho bikomeza kwaguka. Amasoko ari kuzamuka cyane nk’Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, na Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba, by’umwihariko, afite ubushobozi bwinshi ku isoko. Abakora ibicuruzwa bazakomeza kwagura isoko ryabo binyuze mu kwigisha isoko, kwagura imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, no gushyira ibicuruzwa mu mwanya wabyo.

(III) Iterambere Rirambye
Mu gihe cy’iterambere rirambye ku isi, imikorere y’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi irengera ibidukikije kandi igabanya ingufu izakomeza kwitabwaho cyane. Abakora bazibanda ku guteza imbere inzira zo gukora n’ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije kugira ngo bagabanye ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije. Urugero, ibi bizasaba gukoresha ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa no kunoza imiterere y’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bigabanye ikoreshwa ry’ingufu.

(IV) Irushanwa ry'ikirango
Mu gihe kizaza, irushanwa ry’ibirango ku isoko ry’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa rizakomera. Ibirango bizwi bizakomeza gushimangira aho bihagaze ku isoko binyuze mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, kunoza ireme ry’ibicuruzwa, na serivisi, mu gihe ibirango bishya bizabona umugabane ku isoko binyuze mu ngamba zitandukanye z’ibicuruzwa no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa. Ba nyir'ibirango bagomba gukomeza kunoza ubumenyi bw’ibirango byabo n’izina ryabo kugira ngo bagaragare mu bahanganye.

IX. Ibibazo n'Ibisubizo Bikunze Kubazwa Ku Bijyanye n'Iminyururu Igendanwa
(I) Igihe cy'akazi k'umunyururu uzunguruka ni ikihe?
Ubusanzwe igihe cyo gukora cy'umunyururu uzunguruka ni hagati y'imyaka 3 na 5, bitewe n'ubwiza bw'umusaruro, inshuro ukoreshwa, n'uburyo uwitabwaho. Gukomeza no kuwutunganya buri gihe bishobora kongera igihe cyo gukora.
(II) Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gusiga amavuta ku minyururu izunguruka?
Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta mu muyoboro wa roller burimo gusiga amavuta mu mazi, gusiga amavuta mu bwogero, no gusiga amavuta mu mazi. Guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gusiga amavuta bishobora kugabanya kwangirika k'umuyoboro no kongera igihe cyo kuwukoresha.
(III) Ni gute umuvuduko w'umunyururu uzunguruka uhindurwa?
Umuvuduko w'umunyururu uzunguruka ushobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhindura uburebure bw'umunyururu cyangwa gukoresha icyuma gihagarika umwuka. Gusuzuma no guhindura umuvuduko w'umunyururu buri gihe bituma umuvuduko urushaho kuba mwiza mu gihe cyo gukora kandi bigagabanya kwangirika. (4) Ni gute wagabanya urusaku rw'umunyururu uzunguruka?
Urusaku rw'umunyururu w'imashini rushobora kugabanuka mu buryo bukurikira:
Gusiga amavuta: Shyira amavuta ku munyururu buri gihe kugira ngo ugabanye gukururana n'urusaku.
Gushyuha: Gukomeza gushyuha neza kw'iminyururu kugira ngo wirinde gucika intege no gukurura urusaku.
Isuku: Sukura umuyoboro buri gihe kugira ngo ukureho amavuta n'imyanda, bityo ugabanye urusaku.