Precision Rollers: Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gutunganya Ubushyuhe mu Minyururu Yo Guterura

Precision Rollers: Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gutunganya Ubushyuhe mu Minyururu Yo Guterura

Mu nganda z’imashini ziterura, ubwizigenge bw’umunyururu bifitanye isano itaziguye n’umutekano w’abakozi n’imikorere myiza, kandi inzira zo gutunganya ubushyuhe ni ingenzi mu kugena imikorere y’ingenzi y’umunyururu uterura, harimo imbaraga, gukomera, no kudashira. Nk’ “urusyo” rw’umunyururu,imigozi ikora neza, hamwe n'ibice nk'imigozi n'udupira, bisaba uburyo bukwiye bwo gushyushya kugira ngo imikorere ihamye mu bihe bigoye nko guterura ibintu biremereye no gukora kenshi. Iyi nkuru izatanga isesengura ryimbitse ry'uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa mu gutunganya imigozi, harebwe amahame ngenderwaho yayo, ibyiza by'imikorere, n'ibintu bifatika, kandi hahabwe abahanga mu nganda uburyo bwo guhitamo no gukoresha.

1. Ubushyuhe: "Ishusho" y'imikorere y'urunigi rwo guterura
Iminyururu yo guterura akenshi ikorwa mu byuma by'imiterere y'icyuma cyiza cyane (nka 20Mn2, 23MnNiMoCr54, nibindi), kandi gutunganya ubushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ibi bikoresho fatizo birusheho gukora neza. Ibice by'iminyururu bitaratunganywa ubushyuhe bifite ubukana buke kandi ntibishobora kwangirika neza, kandi bishobora kwangirika cyangwa kuvunika mu gihe bihuye n'umuvuduko. Uburyo bwa siyansi bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe, binyuze mu kugenzura uburyo bwo gushyushya, gufata no gukonjesha, buhindura imiterere y'imbere y'ibikoresho, bugatanga "uburinganire bw'imbaraga n'ubukana" - imbaraga nyinshi zo kwihanganira imivurungano yo gukurura no gukomereka, ariko bukagira ubukana buhagije bwo kwirinda kwangirika, mu gihe bunoza kwangirika no kudakomera kw'ubuso.

Ku byuma bitunganya ubushyuhe, gutunganya ubushyuhe bisaba ubuhanga buhanitse kurushaho: nk'ibintu by'ingenzi mu guhuza iminyururu n'imigozi, ibyuma bitunganya ubushyuhe bigomba kwemeza ko bihuye neza n'ubukomere bw'ubuso n'ubukomere bw'imbere. Bitabaye ibyo, bishobora kwangirika no gucika intege vuba, bigatuma umugozi wose udakomeza gukwirakwira. Kubwibyo, guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe ni ngombwa kugira ngo iminyururu itezwe neza kandi irambe igihe kirekire.

II. Isesengura ry'uburyo butanu busanzwe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe mu minyururu yo guterura

(I) Kuzimya muri rusange + Kuzimya cyane (Kuzimya no Kuzimya): "Igipimo cya Zahabu" cy'Imikorere y'Ibanze

Ihame ry'Ibikorwa: Ibice by'umunyururu (amasahani yo guhuza, imigozi, imigozi, nibindi) bishyushywa kugeza ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya Ac3 (icyuma cya hypoeutectoid) cyangwa Ac1 (icyuma cya hypereutectoid). Nyuma yo kubika ubushyuhe igihe runaka kugira ngo ibikoresho bikomeze neza, umunyururu uhita uzimwa mu buryo bukonjesha nk'amazi cyangwa amavuta kugira ngo ubone imiterere ya martensite ikomeye ariko ishaje. Hanyuma umunyururu wongera gushyushywa kugeza kuri 500-650°C kugira ngo ubushyuhe burusheho kwiyongera, bituma martensite ihinduka imiterere imwe ya sorbit, amaherezo igera ku buringanire bw' "imbaraga nyinshi + gukomera cyane."

Ibyiza by'Imikorere: Nyuma yo kuzimya no gushyushya, ibice by'uruhererekane bigaragaza imiterere myiza ya mekanike muri rusange, bifite imbaraga zo gukurura za 800-1200 MPa n'imbaraga zo gutanga umusaruro no kurekura neza, bishobora kwihanganira imitwaro ihindagurika n'ingaruka ihura nayo mu mirimo yo guterura. Byongeye kandi, imiterere ya sorbite ituma ibice bitunganywa neza, byoroshya ikorwa ry'uburyo bukurikira (nk'uko bigenda mu gukurura).

Imikoreshereze: Ikoreshwa cyane mu kunoza imikorere rusange y'iminyururu yo guterura ifite imbaraga ziciriritse n'izikomeye (nk'iminyururu yo mu cyiciro cya 80 n'icya 100), cyane cyane ku bice by'ingenzi bitwara imizigo nk'amasahani y'iminyururu n'udupira. Iyi ni yo nzira y'ibanze kandi y'ingenzi yo gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'iminyururu yo guterura. (II) Gushyiramo kaburimbo no kuzimya + Gushyuha guke: "Uburinzi Bukomeye" bwo kurwanya kwangirika kw'ubuso

Ihame ry'Ibikorwa: Ibice by'urunigi (byibanda ku bice by'imigozi n'ibice by'imigozi nk'imizingo n'udupira) bishyirwa mu buryo bwa kaburizi (nk'umwuka karemano cyangwa umwuka ucana peteroli) bigafatwa kuri 900-950°C mu gihe cy'amasaha menshi, bigatuma atome za karuboni zinjira mu buso bw'ibice (ubujyakuzimu bw'urwego rwa kaburizi akenshi buba 0.8-2.0mm). Ibi bikurikirwa no kuzimya (ubusanzwe hakoreshejwe amavuta nk'uburyo bwo gukonjesha), birema imiterere ya martensite ikomeye cyane ku buso mugihe bigumana imiterere ikomeye ya pearlite cyangwa sorbite mu mutima. Amaherezo, ubushyuhe buke kuri 150-200°C bikuraho imihangayiko yo kuzimya kandi bigatuza ubukana bw'ubuso. Ibyiza by'Imikorere: Ibice nyuma yo kuzimya no kuzimya bigaragaza imikorere myiza nk' "inyuma ikomeye, imbere ikomeye" - ubukana bw'ubuso bushobora kugera kuri HRC58-62, bikongera cyane ubudahangarwa bwo kwangirika no kudafata, birwanya neza ukungukana no kwangirika mu gihe cyo kuzimya sprocket. Ubukomere bw'ibanze buguma kuri HRC30-45, butanga ubukomere buhagije bwo kwirinda ko ibice byangirika mu gihe cy'imizigo y'impanuka.

Imikoreshereze: Ku byuma biremereye byo guterura n'udupira mu minyururu yo guterura, cyane cyane ibyo gutangirwa no guhagarara kenshi no gushirwamo imitwaro iremereye (urugero, iminyururu yo guterura cranes n'ibirombe). Urugero, ibirunga by'iminyururu yo guterura ifite imbaraga nyinshi yo mu rwego rwa 120 bikunze gushirwamo kaburimbo no kuzimwa, bikongera igihe cyabyo cyo gukora kirenga 30% ugereranije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe. (III) Gukomera mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi + Gushyuha guke: "Gukomeza mu buryo bw'ibanze" neza kandi neza.

Ihame ry’Inzira: Hakoreshejwe imbaraga za rukuruzi zisimburana zikorwa na coil yo mu bwoko bwa high-frequency cyangwa medium-frequency induction, ibice byihariye by’ibice by’uruhererekane (nk'umurambararo w'inyuma w’imizingo n'ubuso bw'imigozi) bishyushya mu gace runaka. Gushyushya ni vuba (ubusanzwe kuva mu masegonda make kugeza ku masegonda icumi), bigatuma ubuso gusa bugera ku bushyuhe bwihuse, mu gihe ubushyuhe bw'ibanze buguma budahinduka. Hanyuma amazi akonje ashyirwamo kugira ngo azime vuba, hagakurikiraho gushyushya mu bushyuhe buke. Iyi nzira yemerera kugenzura neza agace gashyushye n'ubujyakuzimu bw'urwego rukomeye (ubusanzwe 0.3-1.5mm).

Ibyiza by'Imikorere: ① Ingufu nyinshi no Kuzigama Ingufu: Gushyushya ahantu hamwe birinda gutakaza ingufu zituruka ku gushyushya muri rusange, byongera umusaruro ku kigero kirenga 50% ugereranije no kuzimya muri rusange. ② Guhinduka guke: Igihe gito cyo gushyushya kigabanya guhinduka kw'ubushyuhe bw'ibice, bikuraho gukenera gukosorwa cyane nyuma yaho, bigatuma biba byiza cyane mu kugenzura imiterere y'ibizingo by'ubuziranenge. ③ Imikorere igenzurwa: Mu guhindura inshuro zo gushyushya n'igihe cyo gushyushya, uburebure bw'urwego rukomeye n'ikwirakwizwa ry'ubukana bishobora guhindurwa mu buryo bworoshye.
Imikoreshereze: Ikwiriye kongerwamo udupira tw’amashanyarazi dukozwe mu buryo bunini, udupira tugufi, n’ibindi bice, cyane cyane iyo iminyururu iterura isaba ubuhanga bwo hejuru (nk’iminyururu iterura neza). Gukomera kw’iminyururu bishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gusana no kuvugurura iminyururu, kongera gushimangira ubuso bwashaje.

(IV) Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo umuntu ashaka: "Uburinzi bw'ingaruka" Gushyira imbere gukomera

Ihame ry'Ibikorwa: Nyuma yo gushyushya igice cy'umunyu kugeza ku bushyuhe butuma umuntu arushaho kumererwa neza, gishyirwa vuba mu bwogero bw'umunyu cyangwa alkaline hejuru gato y'aho M s iherereye (ubushyuhe bwo gutangira guhindura martensitic). Ubwogero bufatwa igihe runaka kugira ngo austenite ihinduke bainite, hagakurikiraho gukonjesha umwuka. bainite, imiterere iri hagati ya martensite na pearlite, ihuza imbaraga nyinshi n'ubukomere buhebuje.

Ibyiza by'Imikorere: Ibice bya Austempered bigaragaza gukomera cyane kurusha ibice bisanzwe byazimye kandi byoroheje, bigatuma ingufu zo gufata ingaruka zigera kuri 60-100 J, zishobora kwihanganira imitwaro ikomeye y'ingaruka zidacitse. Byongeye kandi, gukomera gushobora kugera kuri HRC 40-50, byuzuza ibisabwa ku mbaraga zo guterura ibintu biciriritse n'ibiremereye, mu gihe bigabanya kuzimya ihindagurika no kugabanya imihangayiko y'imbere. Imikoreshereze ikoreshwa: Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guterura ibice by'iminyururu biremereye, nk'ibikunze gukoreshwa mu guterura ibintu bifite imiterere idasanzwe mu nganda z'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ubwubatsi, cyangwa mu guterura iminyururu ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe buke (nk'ahantu hakonje no mu bikorwa byo mu gice cy'izuba). Bainite ifite gukomera no kudahungabana cyane kuri martensite mu bushyuhe buke, bigabanya ibyago byo kuvunika nabi mu bushyuhe buke.

(V) Gusiga nitride: "Ipfundikizo rirambye" rirwanya ingese no kwangirika
Ihame ry'Ibikorwa: Ibice by'uruhererekane bishyirwa mu buryo burimo azote, nka ammonia, kuri 500-580°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 10-50. Ibi bituma atome za azote zinjira mu buso bw'ibice, zigakora urwego rwa nitride (cyane cyane rugizwe na Fe₄N na Fe₂N). Gushyira nitride ntibisaba kuzimya nyuma kandi ni "uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe buri hasi" bugira ingaruka nke ku mikorere rusange y'ibice. Ibyiza by'Imikorere: ① Ubukana bwinshi bw'ubuso (HV800-1200) butanga ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika ugereranije n'icyuma cya kaburimbo n'icyazimye, mu gihe kandi butanga coefficient nke yo kwangirika, bigabanya igihombo cy'ingufu mu gihe cyo gufunga. ② Uru rundi rufite nitride rutanga ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika, bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika mu bidukikije by'ubushuhe n'ivumbi. ③ Ubushyuhe buke bwo gutunganya bugabanya guhindagurika kw'ibice, bigatuma biba byiza ku byuma byakozwe mbere cyangwa iminyururu mito yateranijwe.

Ikoreshwa: Ikwiriye iminyururu yo guterura isaba kwangirika no kudakira ingese, nk'ikoreshwa mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa (ibidukikije bisukuye) no mu buhanga bwo mu mazi (ahantu haterwa umunyu mwinshi), cyangwa ku bikoresho bito byo guterura bisaba iminyururu "itarimo gusana".

III. Guhitamo inzira yo gutunganya ubushyuhe: Guhuza imiterere y'imikorere ni ingenzi

Mu guhitamo uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'umunyururu wo guterura, tekereza ku bintu bitatu by'ingenzi: amanota y'umutwaro, imiterere y'imikorere, n'imikorere y'ibice. Irinde gukurikirana imbaraga nyinshi cyangwa kuzigama amafaranga menshi cyane:

Hitamo hakurikijwe amanota y'umutwaro: Iminyururu yoroheje (≤ Icyiciro cya 50) ishobora kuzura no gushyushya burundu. Iminyururu y'imitwaro iri hagati n'iremereye (80-100) isaba kuvanga kaburizing na kuzimya kugira ngo ikomeze ibice bishobora kwangirika. Iminyururu y'imitwaro iremereye (hejuru y'Igiciro cya 120) isaba inzira yo kuzimya no gushyushya hamwe, cyangwa gukomeresha induction kugira ngo hamenyekane neza.

Hitamo ukurikije ibidukikije bikorerwamo: Gushyira nitride ni byiza cyane mu bidukikije bitose kandi byangiza; gukoresha institi ni byiza cyane mu bikoreshwa bifite imbaraga nyinshi. Gukoresha meshi kenshi bishyira imbere gushimangira kaburimbo cyangwa gushimangira institi. Hitamo ibice ukurikije imikorere yabyo: Amasahani y'iminyururu n'udupira bishyira imbere imbaraga n'ubukomere, gushyira imbere kuzimya no gushyushya. Amasahani ashyira imbere ubudahangarwa n'ubukomere, gushyira imbere gushimangira kaburimbo cyangwa gushimangira institi. Ibice by'inyongera nka bushings bishobora gukoresha kuzimya no gushyushya bihendutse, bihujwe.

IV. Umwanzuro: Ubushyuhe ni "Umurongo utagaragara w'Ubwugarizi" ku mutekano w'umunyururu
Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe ku minyururu yo guterura si uburyo bumwe; ahubwo, ni uburyo buhamye buhuza imiterere y'ibikoresho, imikorere y'ibice, n'ibisabwa mu mikorere. Kuva ku gukaraba no kuzimya iminyururu ikora neza kugeza ku kuzimya no gukonjesha ibyuma by'iminyururu, kugenzura neza muri buri gikorwa bigena mu buryo butaziguye umutekano w'umunyururu mu gihe cyo guterura. Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe no gukoresha ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe by'ubwenge (nk'imirongo ya kaburimbo yikora neza na sisitemu zo gupima ubukana kuri interineti), imikorere n'ubudahangarwa bw'iminyururu yo guterura bizarushaho kunozwa, bitanga icyizere cyizewe cy'imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho byihariye.