Imikorere y'iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese mu bidukikije bitose

Imikorere y'iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese mu bidukikije bitose
Mu bikorwa bitandukanye by’inganda n’ubucuruzi, iminyururu ni ingenzi mu gutumanaho no gutwara ibintu, kandi imikorere yayo no kuramba kwayo ni ingenzi cyane. Iminyururu y’icyuma kidashonga ikora neza mu bidukikije bitose bitewe n’imiterere yayo yihariye y’ibikoresho, bigatuma iba amahitamo ya mbere mu bihe byinshi bigoye byo gukora. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma mu buryo bwimbitse imikorere y’iminyururu y’icyuma kidashonga mu bidukikije bitose, harimo no kudahura n’ingese, imbaraga zayo, aho ikoreshwa, no kuyibungabunga.

1. Ubudahangarwa bw'inkongi z'icyuma kidashonga
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ni icyuma kidashonga, ubusanzwe kiba kirimo ibintu nka chromium na nikeli, bitanga icyuma kidashonga neza mu kurwanya ingese. Mu hantu hatose, iminyururu isanzwe y'icyuma cya karuboni ikorana byoroshye n'amazi na ogisijeni mu buryo bwa shimi bigatuma habaho ingese, bigatuma imikorere y'umunyururu igabanuka cyangwa ikavunika. Iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ishobora kurwanya iyi ngese, igakomeza ubusugire bw'ubuso bwayo no kudahungabana kw'imikorere yayo.

(I) Ihame ryo kurwanya ingese
Ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma kidashonga neza buturuka ahanini ku gapira ka chromium oxide gakozwe ku buso bwacyo. Iyi gapira ishobora gukura amazi na ogisijeni neza no gukumira ibindi bikorwa bya ogisijeni. Iyi gapira ishobora kuguma ihamye ndetse no mu bidukikije bikonje, bityo ikarinda uruhererekane kwangirika.

(II) Ubudahangarwa bw'inkongi y'ibikoresho bitandukanye by'icyuma kidashonga
Ibyuma bitanduye bifite ibikoresho byinshi bitandukanye, nka 304, 316, 321, nibindi, kandi ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese bwa buri gikoresho buratandukanye. Ibyuma bitanduye 304 ni byo bikoreshwa cyane, bifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese neza, kandi bikwiranye n’ahantu henshi hahehereye. Ibyuma bitanduye 316 bikora neza mu bidukikije birimo iyoni za chloride, nko mu bidukikije byo mu mazi cyangwa mu nganda zirimo umunyu. Ibyuma bitanduye 321 bifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese ku bushyuhe bwinshi kandi bikwiranye n’ahantu hahehereye n’ubushuhe bwinshi.

II. Imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa bw'iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga
Uretse kuba iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese irwanya ingese, iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi irwanya kwangirika neza. Ibi bituma ishobora kwihanganira imitwaro minini no kwangirika igihe kirekire mu bidukikije bitose bitayihindura cyangwa ngo ishaje byoroshye.

(I) Ingufu nyinshi
Ingufu z'iminyururu y'icyuma kitagira umugese zituruka ahanini ku bukomere bwinshi bw'ibikoresho byayo n'ikoranabuhanga ryiza ryo kuyitunganya. Urugero, uburyo bwo gukora umutwe ukonje bushobora gutuma ibice bitandukanye by'umunyururu bigira imbaraga n'ubukomere bwinshi, bityo bikanongera imbaraga rusange z'umunyururu. Ibi bituma iminyururu y'icyuma kitagira umugese ishobora kwihanganira ubukana bwinshi mu bidukikije bitose kandi ntibyoroshye gucika.

(II) Ubudahangarwa bw'imyenda
Ubudahangarwa bw'iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga buterwa ahanini n'ubukomere n'ubuso bwayo. Ubuso bukomeye cyane bushobora kugabanya gushwanyagurika no kugabanya umuvuduko wo kwangirika. Byongeye kandi, iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ikunze gutunganywa mu gihe cyo kuyikora, nko kuyisukura cyangwa kuyisiga, kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwangirika.

III. Gukoresha iminyururu y'icyuma kitagira umugese mu bidukikije bitose
Ubudahangarwa bw'ingese n'imbaraga nyinshi z'iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga bituma ikoreshwa cyane mu bice bitandukanye by'ubushuhe. Ibi bikurikira ni bimwe mu bice bisanzwe bikoreshwa:

(I) Inganda zitunganya ibiribwa
Mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa, isuku n'isuku ni ingenzi cyane. Iminyururu y'ibyuma bidashonga ntirinda gusa ingese, ahubwo yoroshye kuyisukura no kuyica udukoko, kandi yujuje ibisabwa mu isuku y'ibiribwa. Ikoreshwa cyane mu mikandara yo kohereza ibiribwa, imiyoboro yo kumesa, ibikoresho byo gupakira, nibindi. Urugero, mu miyoboro itunganya inyama, iminyururu y'ibyuma bidashonga ishobora gukora igihe kirekire ahantu hatose kandi hari isabune idahumanya ibiribwa cyangwa ngo yanduze.

(II) Inganda z'ibinyabutabire
Ibidukikije byinshi mu nganda z’ibinyabutabire birangiza cyane, nka aside, alkali, umunyu, nibindi. Iminyururu y’icyuma idafite imyuka ishobora kurwanya kwangirika kw’ibi binyabutabire kandi ikwiriye uburyo bwo kohereza no gutwara ibikoresho bya shimi. Urugero, mu gikoresho cyo gukurura cy’icyuma gikoresha ikoranabuhanga, iminyururu y’icyuma idafite imyuka ishobora gukora ahantu hatose kandi hangiza cyane ibinyabutabire igihe kirekire, bigatuma ibikoresho bikomeza gukora neza.

(III) Ubwubatsi bw'Amato
Ubushuhe bwinshi n'umunyu mu bidukikije byo mu nyanja birangiza cyane ibikoresho by'icyuma. Iminyururu y'icyuma idashonga ikora neza mu buhanga bwo mu mazi kandi ikwiriye amato, ibikoresho byo ku cyambu, urubuga rwo mu nyanja, nibindi. Urugero, iminyururu yo guterura ibyuma idashonga irashobora gukoreshwa mu gupakira no gupakurura imizigo ku byambu, kandi ishobora gukomeza gukora neza nubwo yangirika bitewe n'amazi yo mu nyanja n'umunyu.

(IV) Inganda zitunganya amazi
Iminyururu iri mu nganda zitunganya amazi igomba gukora mu mazi igihe kirekire, kandi iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ni amahitamo meza. Ntabwo irwanya ingese gusa, ahubwo ishobora no gukora munsi y'amazi igihe kirekire, kandi ikwiriye ibikoresho byo gutunganya imyanda, ipompo z'amazi, sisitemu zo kuyungurura, nibindi. Urugero, muri sisitemu itwara imyanda y'uruganda rutunganya imyanda, iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ishobora kurwanya kwangirika kw'imiti n'udukoko mu myanda, bigatuma sisitemu ikora neza.

IV. Kubungabunga iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese mu bidukikije bitose
Nubwo iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese ifite imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa bwiza, iracyakeneye kwitabwaho neza mu bidukikije bitose kugira ngo yongere igihe cyo kuyikora no gukomeza gukora neza.

(i) Isuku ihoraho
Mu hantu hashyushye, ubuso bw'umunyururu w'icyuma kitagira umugese bukunze guhura n'ubushuhe, ivumbi n'umwanda. Gusukura buri gihe bishobora gukuraho imyanda no kuyirinda ko yangiza imiterere y'umunyururu. Mu gusukura, ushobora gukoresha igitambaro cyoroshye n'isabune idakoresha imiti, kandi ukirinda gukoresha isabune irimo aside, alkali cyangwa chlorine kugira ngo wirinde kwangiza firime ya chromium oxide ku buso bw'umunyururu.

(ii) Gusiga amavuta
Gusiga amavuta neza bishobora kugabanya gukururana k'umunyururu no kugabanya umuvuduko wo kwangirika. Mu hantu hashyushye, ugomba guhitamo amavuta afite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi, nk'amavuta yo kwisiga ashyushye cyane cyangwa amavuta yo kwisiga akoreshwa mu biribwa. Mu gihe usiga amavuta, menya neza ko ibice byose by'umunyururu bitwikiriwe neza n'amavuta kugira ngo wirinde ko amavuta atakaza.

(iii) Igenzura n'isimbura
Reba buri gihe uko umugozi w'icyuma kidashonga ugenda ushira n'uko wangiritse hanyuma usimbuze ibice byangiritse ku gihe. Mu gihe ugenzura, shyira imbere cyane uburyo imigozi, imigozi, ibyuma by'imigozi n'ibindi bice byawo bigenda bishira, ndetse n'uburyo umugozi ukomeza gufungana. Iyo bigaragara ko umugozi wangiritse cyangwa wangiritse, ugomba gusimbuzwa ku gihe kugira ngo ibikoresho bikore neza mu mutekano.

V. Umwanzuro
Iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ikora neza mu bidukikije bitose kandi irwanya ingese neza, ikomeye cyane kandi irwanya kwangirika neza. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nko gutunganya ibiribwa, inganda zikora imiti, ubwubatsi bwo mu mazi no gutunganya amazi, kandi ishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'imikorere mibi itandukanye. Binyuze mu kubungabunga neza, nko gusukura buri gihe, gushyira amavuta no kugenzura, igihe cyo gukora iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga gishobora kongerwa kugira ngo ibikoresho bikore neza. Kubwibyo, iminyururu y'icyuma kidashonga ni ibintu byiza byo kohereza no gutwara ibintu mu bidukikije bitose kandi bikwiye kwamamazwa no gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye.