Incamake y'isuzuma ry'ubukana bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende utunganye

1. Incamake y'isuzuma ry'ubukana bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende ukozwe neza

1.1 Ibiranga by'ibanze by'umunyururu w'urukiramende utunganye
Umunyururu ukoresha uburyo bwa Precision roller ni ubwoko bw'umunyururu ukoreshwa cyane mu kohereza ibintu mu buryo bwa mekanike. Imiterere yawo y'ibanze ni iyi ikurikira:
Imiterere y'imiterere: Umunyururu w'umunyururu ukozwe neza ugizwe n'umunyururu w'imbere, umunyururu w'inyuma, umunyururu w'inyuma, umunyururu w'inyuma n'umunyururu w'inyuma bihuzwa n'umunyururu w'inyuma, umunyururu w'inyuma, umunyururu w'inyuma bihuzwa n'umunyururu w'inyuma, umunyururu w'inyuma uhambirwa ku munyururu w'inyuma, kandi umunyururu ushyirwa hanze y'umunyururu. Iyi miterere ituma umunyururu ubasha kwihanganira imbaraga nini zo gukurura no gutera mu gihe cyo kohereza.
Guhitamo ibikoresho: Umunyururu w'umuzunguruko ukozwe neza ubusanzwe ukozwe mu cyuma cya karuboni cyangwa icyuma cy'ubutare, nk'icyuma cya 45, 20CrMnTi, nibindi. Ibi bikoresho bifite imbaraga nyinshi, gukomera cyane kandi birwanya kwangirika neza, bishobora guhaza ibisabwa n'umunyururu mu gihe cy'imikorere igoye.
Ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo: Ibisabwa ku buziranenge bw'ibipimo by'umunyururu w'umuzingo w'umuzingo ni byinshi, kandi ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubugari bw'umuvuduko, ubugari bw'umunyururu, umurambararo w'umugozi w'icyuma, nibindi muri rusange bigenzurwa muri ± 0.05mm. Ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo bushobora kwemeza ko umunyururu n'umuyoboro w'amazi bihuye neza, kandi bikagabanya amakosa yo kohereza n'urusaku.
Gutunganya ubuso: Kugira ngo umunyururu wongere ubushobozi bwo kwangirika no kudashonga, iminyururu yo mu bwoko bwa "precision roller chain" ikunze gutunganywa, nko gushyiramo kaburimbo, gushyiramo nitride, gushyiramo galvanizing, nibindi. Gushyiramo kaburimbo bishobora gutuma ubukana bw'ubuso bw'umunyururu bugera kuri 58-62HRC, gushyiramo nitride bishobora gutuma ubukana bw'ubuso bugera kuri 600-800HV, kandi gushyiramo galvanizing bishobora kubuza umunyururu kwangirika neza.
1.2 Akamaro ko gupima ubukana
Gupima ubukana bw'iminyururu bifite akamaro kanini mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'iminyururu ikora neza:
Menya neza imbaraga z'umunyururu: Ubukomere ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi byo gupima imbaraga z'ibikoresho. Binyuze mu isuzuma ry'ubukomere, bishobora kwemeza ko ubukomere bw'ibikoresho by'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko wujuje ibisabwa mu gishushanyo, kugira ngo umunyururu ushobore kwihanganira ubukana n'ingaruka bihagije mu gihe cyo kuwukoresha, kandi wirinde kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika kw'umunyururu bitewe n'imbaraga zidahagije z'ibikoresho.
Suzuma imiterere y'ibikoresho: Gupima ubukomere bishobora kugaragaza imiterere mito n'impinduka mu mikorere y'ibikoresho. Urugero, ubukomere bw'ubuso bw'umunyururu nyuma yo gutunganya kaburimbo buba buri hejuru, mu gihe ubukomere bw'ibanze buba buri hasi. Binyuze mu gupima ubukomere, uburebure n'ubugari bw'urwego rwa kaburimbo bishobora gusuzumwa, kugira ngo harebwe niba inzira yo gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho ikwiye.
Ubwiza bw'umusaruro: Mu gikorwa cyo gukora iminyururu ikora neza, isuzuma ry'ubukana ni uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Mu gusuzuma ubukana bw'ibikoresho fatizo, ibicuruzwa byarangiye neza n'ibicuruzwa byarangiye, ibibazo bishobora kubaho mu gikorwa cyo gukora, nko kugira inenge mu bikoresho, ubushyuhe budakwiye, nibindi, bishobora kuboneka ku gihe, kugira ngo ingamba zijyanye nabyo zifatwe kugira ngo hakorwe kandi hamenyekane ko ubuziranenge bw'umusaruro buhamye kandi buhamye.
Kongera igihe cyo gukora: Gupima ubukomere bifasha kunoza ibikoresho n'imikorere y'iminyururu ikora neza, bityo bikanoza uburyo umunyururu udashobora kwangirika no kudacika intege. Ubuso bw'umunyururu ukomera cyane bushobora kurwanya kwangirika neza, bukagabanya gutakaza ubukana hagati y'umunyururu n'agace k'umugozi, bukanagura igihe cyo gukora cy'umunyururu, kandi bukagabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho.
Uzuza ibipimo ngenderwaho by’inganda: Mu nganda zikora imashini, ubukana bw’iminyururu ikora neza bugomba kuba bwujuje ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu cyangwa mpuzamahanga. Urugero, GB/T 1243-2006 “Iminyururu ikora neza, iminyururu ikora neza n’iminyururu ifite amenyo” igena urwego rw’ubukana bw’iminyururu ikora neza. Binyuze mu igerageza ry’ubukana, bishobora kwemezwa ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa kandi bikanoza ipiganwa ry’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa.

2. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gupima ubukomere

2.1 Amahame ngenderwaho y'ibizamini byo mu gihugu
Igihugu cyanjye cyashyizeho urukurikirane rw'amabwiriza asobanutse kandi akomeye yo gupima ubukana bw'iminyururu ikora neza kugira ngo harebwe ko ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa bwujuje ibisabwa.
Ishingiro risanzwe: Hashingiwe cyane cyane kuri GB/T 1243-2006 “Umunyururu w’imizingo, umunyururu w’imizingo n’umunyururu w’amenyo” n’andi mahame y’igihugu ajyanye n’ibyo. Aya mahame agaragaza urwego rw’ubukana bw’iminyururu y’imizingo ikora neza. Urugero, ku minyururu y’imizingo ikora neza ikozwe mu cyuma cya 45, ubukana bw’imizingo n’imizingo muri rusange bugomba kugenzurwa kuri 229-285HBW; ku minyururu yakoreshejwe, ubukana bw’ubuso bugomba kugera kuri 58-62HRC, kandi ubujyakuzimu bw’urwego rwakoreshejwe na kaburi nabwo burakenewe, akenshi ni 0.8-1.2mm.
Uburyo bwo gupima: Amabwiriza yo mu gihugu atanga inama yo gukoresha Brinell hard tester cyangwa Rockwell hard tester mu gupima. Brinell hard tester ikwiriye gupima ibikoresho fatizo n'ibicuruzwa byarangije neza bifite ubukana buke, nk'amasahani y'iminyururu ataravurwa ubushyuhe. Agaciro k'ubukana kabarwa hakoreshejwe umutwaro runaka ku buso bw'ibikoresho no gupima umurambararo w'umunyururu; Rockwell hard tester ikunze gukoreshwa mu gupima iminyururu yarangije gukoreshwa ubushyuhe, nk'udupira n'amaboko byashyizwemo kaburimbo. Ifite umuvuduko wo gutahura vuba, imikorere yoroshye, kandi ishobora gusoma neza agaciro k'ubukana.
Gupima no gupima ibice: Dukurikije ibisabwa bisanzwe, umubare runaka w'ibipimo ugomba gutoranywa mu buryo butunguranye kugira ngo bipimwe muri buri gice cy'iminyururu y'ibizingo ikora neza. Kuri buri munyururu, ubukana bw'ibice bitandukanye nk'umunyururu w'imbere, umunyururu w'inyuma, umunyururu w'inyuma, umunyururu w'inyuma, umunyururu w'inyuma n'umunyururu bigomba kugeragezwa ukwabyo. Urugero, kuri umunyururu, hagomba gufatwa agace kamwe k'ikizamini hagati no ku mpera zombi kugira ngo harebwe neza ko ibisubizo by'ikizamini byuzuye kandi ari ukuri.
Kumenya ibisubizo: Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bigomba kugenwa hakurikijwe neza urugero rw'ubukana bwavuzwe mu gipimo ngenderwaho. Iyo agaciro k'ubukana bw'igice cy'ibizamini karenze urugero rwavuzwe mu gipimo ngenderwaho, nko kuba ubukana bw'agapira buri munsi ya 229HBW cyangwa hejuru ya 285HBW, urunigi rufatwa nk'ikintu kitujuje ibisabwa kandi rugomba kongera gushyushwa cyangwa izindi ngamba zo kuvura kugeza igihe agaciro k'ubukana kujuje ibisabwa.

2.2 Amabwiriza Mpuzamahanga yo Gupima
Hariho kandi uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ubukana bw'iminyururu ikora neza ku isi, kandi aya mahame afite ingaruka nyinshi kandi azwi ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
ISO Standard: ISO 606 “Iminyururu n'udupira – Iminyururu n'iminyururu by'imigozi – Ingano, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu n'imiterere y'ibanze” ni kimwe mu bipimo ngenderwaho bikoreshwa cyane ku isi mu bijyanye n'imigozi y'imigozi. Iri hame rinatanga amabwiriza arambuye yo gupima ubukana bw'imigozi y'imigozi y'imigozi. Urugero, ku migozi y'imigozi y'imigozi ikozwe mu cyuma cya alloy, ubukana bw'ubukana muri rusange ni 241-321HBW; ku migozi yashyizwemo nitride, ubukana bw'ubuso bugomba kugera kuri 600-800HV, kandi uburebure bw'urwego rwa nitride bugomba kuba 0.3-0.6mm.
Uburyo bwo gupima: Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga kandi asaba ko hakoreshwa ibikoresho bipima ubukana bwa Brinell, ibikoresho bipima ubukana bwa Rockwell n'ibikoresho bipima ubukana bwa Vickers mu gupima. Ibikoresho bipima ubukana bwa Vickers birakwiriye gupima ibice bifite ubukana bwinshi bw'ubuso bw'iminyururu ikora neza, nk'ubuso bw'iminyururu nyuma yo gucukura nitride, kubera ko bifite akantu gato k'inyuma. Bishobora gupima ubukana neza, cyane cyane iyo bipima ibice bito n'ibice bito.
Aho gupimira no gupima: Umubare w'ibipimo n'aho bipimira bisabwa n'amahame mpuzamahanga bisa n'iby'amabwiriza yo mu gihugu, ariko guhitamo ahantu ho gupimira ni ibintu birambuye. Urugero, mu gihe cyo gupima ubukana bw'imizingo, ingero zigomba gufatwa no gupimwa ku nkengero z'inyuma no ku mpera z'imizingo kugira ngo harebwe neza ubukana bw'imizingo. Byongeye kandi, ibizamini by'ubukana nabyo birakenewe ku bice bihuza umuyoboro, nk'ibice bihuza imiyoboro n'udupira duhuza, kugira ngo harebwe imbaraga n'ubudahemuka bw'umuyoboro wose.
Isuzuma ry'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi: Amahame mpuzamahanga arakomeye cyane mu gusuzuma ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ku bukomere. Niba ibisubizo by'ibizamini bitujuje ibisabwa, ntabwo uruhererekane ruzafatwa nk'urutujuje ibisabwa gusa, ahubwo n'izindi nkoranyamagambo z'ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe zizakenera gupimwa inshuro ebyiri. Niba hakiri ibicuruzwa bitujuje ibisabwa nyuma yo gupimwa inshuro ebyiri, uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa rugomba kongera gutunganywa kugeza igihe ubukomere bw'inkoranyamagambo bwose buhuye n'ibisabwa bisanzwe. Ubu buryo bukomeye bwo gusuzuma butanga icyizere cy'ubwiza n'icyizere cy'inkoranyamagambo zikora neza ku isoko mpuzamahanga.

3. Uburyo bwo gupima ubukomere

3.1 Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bwa Rockwell
Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bwa Rockwell ni bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe mu gupima ubukana bw'ibikoresho by'icyuma nk'iminyururu ikora neza.
Ihame: Ubu buryo bugena agaciro k'ubukomere bupimye uburebure bw'icyuma gishyirwa hejuru y'ikintu (agace k'ibuye rya diyama cyangwa umupira wa karubide) gishyizwe hejuru y'ikintu kiri munsi y'umutwaro runaka. Burangwa no gukora byoroshye kandi byihuse, kandi bushobora gusoma neza agaciro k'ubukomere nta mibare igoye n'ibikoresho byo gupima.
Ingano y'ikoreshwa: Mu gupima iminyururu ikora neza, uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bwa Rockwell bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupima ubukana bw'iminyururu irangiye nyuma yo gushyushya, nk'udupira n'amaboko. Ibi biterwa nuko ibi bice bifite ubukana bwinshi nyuma yo gushyushya kandi binini, bikaba bikwiye gupimwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima ubukana bwa Rockwell.
Uburinganire bwo gupima: Ikizamini cyo gukomerera cya Rockwell gifite uburinganire bwo hejuru kandi gishobora kugaragaza neza impinduka z'uburinganire bw'ibikoresho. Ikosa ryo gupima uburinganire muri rusange riri muri ±1HRC, ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu isuzuma ry'uburinganire bw'umunyururu ugororotse.
Ikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika: Mu igerageza nyaryo, icyuma gipima ubukana bwa Rockwell gikoresha igipimo cya HRC, gikwiriye ibikoresho byo gupima bifite ubukana bwa 20-70HRC. Urugero, ku gice cy'umunyururu w'icyuma gipima ubukana cyashyizwemo kaburimbo, ubukana bwacyo busanzwe buri hagati ya 58-62HRC. Ikigo gipima ubukana bwa Rockwell gishobora gupima ubukana bwacyo vuba kandi neza, kigatanga ishingiro ryizewe ryo kugenzura ubuziranenge.

3.2 Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bwa Brinell
Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bwa Brinell ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ubukana, bukoreshwa cyane mu gupima ubukana bw'ibikoresho bitandukanye by'icyuma, harimo ibikoresho fatizo n'ibicuruzwa byakozwe mu minyururu ikora neza.
Ihame: Ubu buryo bushyira umupira w'icyuma gikomeye cyangwa umupira wa karubide ufite umurambararo runaka mu buso bw'ibikoresho munsi y'umutwaro runaka hanyuma bukawugumana igihe runaka, hanyuma bugakuraho umutwaro, bugapima umurambararo w'umubyimba, hanyuma bukagena agaciro k'ubukana bukoresheje kubara igitutu mpuzandengo ku buso bw'uruziga rw'umubyimba.
Ingano y'ikoreshwa: Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bwa Brinell bukwiriye gupima ibikoresho by'icyuma bifite ubukana buke, nk'ibikoresho fatizo by'iminyururu ikora neza (nk'icyuma 45) n'ibikoresho byarangije gukoreshwa bitarashyushywa. Ibiranga byabwo ni imiterere minini, ishobora kugaragaza imiterere y'ubukana bwa macroscopic bw'ibikoresho kandi ikaba ikwiriye gupima ibikoresho biri mu rwego rwo hagati rw'ubukana.
Ukuri kw'isuzuma: Ukuri kw'isuzuma ry'ubukomere bwa Brinell ni hejuru cyane, kandi ikosa ryo gupima muri rusange riri hagati ya ± 2%. Ukuri kw'isuzuma ry'umurambararo w'inyuma bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku kuri kw'agaciro k'ubukomere, bityo ibikoresho byo gupima neza cyane nka mikorosikopi zo gusoma birakenewe mu mikorere nyayo.
Ikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika: Mu gikorwa cyo gukora iminyururu y'urukiramende ikora neza, uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bwa Brinell bukunze gukoreshwa mu gupima ubukana bw'ibikoresho fatizo kugira ngo harebwe ko byujuje ibisabwa mu gishushanyo. Urugero, ku minyururu y'urukiramende ikora neza ikozwe mu byuma 45, ubukana bw'ibikoresho fatizo muri rusange bugomba kugenzurwa hagati ya 170-230HBW. Binyuze mu isuzuma ry'ubukana bwa Brinell, agaciro k'ubukana bw'ibikoresho fatizo gashobora gupimwa neza, kandi ubukana bw'ibikoresho bushobora kuboneka mu gihe, bityo bikabuza ibikoresho fatizo kwinjira mu miyoboro ikurikiraho.

3.3 Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bwa Vickers
Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bwa Vickers ni uburyo bukwiriye gupima ubukana bw'ibice bito n'ibifite inkuta nto, kandi bufite inyungu zidasanzwe mu gupima ubukana bw'iminyururu ikora neza.
Ihame: Ubu buryo bushyira agace ka diyama gafite inguni ya 136° munsi y'umutwaro runaka mu buso bw'ibikoresho bigomba kugeragezwa, bugashyira umutwaro mu gihe runaka, hanyuma bugakuraho umutwaro, bugapima uburebure bw'umutwaro, kandi bukagena agaciro k'ubukana bw'umuvuduko ugereranyije n'ubuso bw'umutwaro.
Ingano y'ikoreshwa: Uburyo bwa Vickers bwo gupima ubukana bukwiriye gupima ibikoresho bifite ubukana bwinshi, cyane cyane mu kumenya ibice bifite ubukana bwinshi bw'iminyururu ikora neza, nk'ubuso bw'iminyururu nyuma yo kuyitunganya. Icyuho cyayo ni gito, kandi ishobora gupima neza ubukana bw'ibice bito n'ibinini bito, bikwiriye gupimwa hamwe n'ibikenewe byinshi kugira ngo ubukana bw'ubukana bube bumwe.
Uburyo bwo gupima: Ikizamini cyo gupima ubukana bwa Vickers gifite uburyo bwo gupima buri hejuru, kandi ikosa ryo gupima muri rusange riri hagati ya ± 1HV. Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bw'uburebure bw'umurongo ugororotse ni ingenzi kugira ngo agaciro k'ubukana kabe nyabwo, bityo hakenewe mikorosikopi yo gupima neza cyane kugira ngo hapimwe.
Ikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika: Mu isuzuma ry’ubukana bw’iminyururu ikora neza, uburyo bwa Vickers bukoreshwa mu gusuzuma ubukana bw’ubuso bw’iminyururu. Urugero, ku minyururu yasizwe nitride, ubukana bw’ubuso bugomba kugera kuri 600-800HV. Binyuze mu isuzuma ry’ubukana bwa Vickers, agaciro k’ubukana ku myanya itandukanye ku buso bw’iminyururu gashobora gupimwa neza, kandi uburebure n’ubugari bw’urwego rwa nitride bishobora gusuzumwa, bityo hakemezwa ko ubukana bw’ubuso bw’iminyururu bwujuje ibisabwa mu gishushanyo kandi bikanoza uburyo umunyururu udashobora kwangirika n’igihe umara.

4. Igikoresho cyo gupima ubukomere

4.1 Ubwoko bw'igikoresho n'amahame yacyo
Igikoresho cyo gupima ubukana ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo kwemeza ko ubukana bw'iminyururu ikora neza. Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gupima ubukana ni bimwe mu bigize ubwoko bukurikira:
Igipimo cy'ubukana bwa Brinell: Ihame ryayo ni ugukanda umupira w'icyuma gikomeye cyangwa umupira wa karubide ufite umurambararo runaka mu buso bw'ibikoresho munsi y'umutwaro runaka, kuwugumana igihe runaka hanyuma ugakuraho umutwaro, hanyuma ukabara agaciro k'ubukana upima umurambararo w'ubukana. Igipimo cy'ubukana bwa Brinell kibereye gupima ibikoresho by'icyuma bifite ubukana buke, nk'ibikoresho fatizo by'iminyururu itunganye n'ibicuruzwa byarangije gukoreshwa bitaravurwa ubushyuhe. Ibiranga byacyo ni ukwinjira gukomeye, bishobora kugaragaza imiterere y'ubukana bwa macroscopic bw'ibikoresho. Kibereye gupima ibikoresho biri mu rwego rwo hagati rw'ubukana, kandi ikosa ryo gupima muri rusange riri hagati ya ± 2%.
Igipimo cy'ubukana bwa Rockwell: Iki gikoresho kigena agaciro k'ubukana gipima uburebure bw'icyuma gipima ubukana bw'icyuma (agapira ka diyama cyangwa karubide) gishyizwe hejuru y'ikintu kiri munsi y'umutwaro runaka. Igipimo cy'ubukana bwa Rockwell cyoroshye kandi cyihuse gukora, kandi gishobora gusoma neza agaciro k'ubukana nta mibare igoye n'ibikoresho byo gupima. Gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupima ubukana bw'iminyururu yarangiye nyuma yo gushyushya, nk'udupira n'amaboko. Ikosa ryo gupima muri rusange riri muri ±1HRC, ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu isuzuma ry'ubukana bw'umunyururu ugororotse.
Isuzuma ry'ubukana bwa Vickers: Ihame ry'isuzuma ry'ubukana bwa Vickers ni ugukanda piramide ya diyama quadrangular ifite inguni ya vertex ya 136° munsi y'umutwaro runaka mu buso bw'ibikoresho bigomba gupimwa, kuyigumana igihe runaka, gukuraho umutwaro, gupima uburebure bw'umurongo ugororotse, no kumenya agaciro k'ubukana ubara igitutu cy'ubuso bw'inyuguti. Isuzuma ry'ubukana bwa Vickers rikwiriye gupima ibikoresho bifite urwego runini rw'ubukana, cyane cyane ku gupima ibice bifite ubukana bwinshi bw'iminyururu y'inyuguti z'inyuguti, nk'ubuso bw'inyuguti nyuma yo gusukura nitride. Isuzuma ry'ubukana bwabyo ni rito, kandi rishobora gupima neza ubukana bw'ibice bito n'ibifite inkuta nto, kandi ikosa ryo gupima muri rusange riri hagati ya ±1HV.

4.2 Guhitamo no gupima ibikoresho
Guhitamo igikoresho gikwiye cyo gupima ubukana no kugipima neza ni ishingiro ryo kwemeza ko ibisubizo by'ibizamini ari iby'ukuri:
Guhitamo igikoresho: Hitamo igikoresho gikwiye cyo gupima ubukana hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gupima iminyururu y'urudodo. Ku bikoresho fatizo n'ibicuruzwa byarangije gutegurwa bitaratunganywa n'ubushyuhe, hagomba gutoranywa icyuma gipima ubukana bwa Brinell; ku minyururu yarangije gutegurwa n'ubukana, nk'udupira n'amaboko, hagomba gutoranywa icyuma gipima ubukana bwa Rockwell; ku bice bifite ubukana bwinshi bw'ubuso, nk'ubuso bw'urudodo nyuma yo gukorerwa nitride, hagomba gutoranywa icyuma gipima ubukana bwa Vickers. Byongeye kandi, ibintu nk'ukuri, urwego rwo gupima, no koroshya imikorere y'igikoresho nabyo bigomba kureberwamo kugira ngo byuzuze ibisabwa n'ibipimo bitandukanye.
Kugenzura igikoresho: Igikoresho cyo gupima ubukana kigomba gupimwa mbere yo gukoresha kugira ngo harebwe neza ko ibisubizo byacyo ari ukuri. Kugenzura bigomba gukorwa n'ikigo cyujuje ibisabwa cyangwa abakozi b'inzobere hakurikijwe amahame n'ibipimo bireba. Ibipimo byo kugenzura birimo uburyo igikoresho gipima neza, ingano n'imiterere yacyo, uburyo igikoresho gipima neza, n'ibindi. Inzira yo kugenzura muri rusange igenwa hakurikijwe inshuro gikoreshwa n'uburyo gihagaze, ubusanzwe kuva ku mezi 6 kugeza ku mwaka 1. Ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa bigomba guherekezwa n'icyemezo cyo kugenzura, kandi itariki yo kugenzura n'igihe cyo kwemeza bigomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso ku gikoresho kugira ngo harebwe ko ibisubizo by'ibizamini byizerwa kandi bikurikiranwa neza.

5. Uburyo bwo gupima ubukomere

5.1 Gutegura no gutunganya icyitegererezo
Gutegura icyitegererezo ni cyo kintu cy'ibanze gikoreshwa mu gupima ubukana bw'umunyururu ugororotse, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku kuri no kwizerwa kw'ibisubizo by'ibizamini.
Ingano y'ibipimo: Dukurikije ibisabwa n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'igihugu bya GB/T 1243-2006 n'ibipimo ngenderwaho mpuzamahanga bya ISO 606, umubare runaka w'ibipimo ugomba gutoranywa mu buryo butunguranye kugira ngo bipimwe muri buri gice cy'iminyururu ikora neza. Ubusanzwe, iminyururu 3-5 itoranywa muri buri gice nk'ibipimo ngenderwaho kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ibipimo bihagarariwe.
Aho icyitegererezo giherereye: Kuri buri mugozi, ubukana bw'ibice bitandukanye nk'ikibaho cy'imbere, ikibaho cy'inyuma, ikibaho cy'inyuma, ikibaho cy'inyuma n'ikibaho bigomba kugeragezwa ukwabyo. Urugero, ku gice cy'inyuma, hagomba gufatwa ingingo imwe yo gupima hagati no ku mpera zombi; ku gice cy'inyuma n'inyuma by'ikibaho bigomba gupimwa no kugeragezwa ukwabyo kugira ngo harebwe neza ubukana bw'ibice bimwe na bimwe.
Gutunganya ingero: Mu gihe cyo gufata ingero, ubuso bw'icyitegererezo bugomba kuba busukuye kandi butambitse, budafite amavuta, ingese cyangwa indi myanda. Ku ngero zifite ingano ya okiside cyangwa irangi ku buso, hagomba kubanza gusukurwa cyangwa gukurwaho neza. Urugero, ku minyururu ya galvanize, urwego rwa galvanize ku buso rugomba gukurwaho mbere yo gupima ubukana.

5.2 Intambwe z'ibikorwa byo gupima
Intambwe zo gukora ikizamini ni zo shingiro ry'igikorwa cyo gupima ubukana kandi zigomba gukorwa neza hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho n'amabwiriza kugira ngo ibisubizo by'ikizamini bibe ukuri.
Guhitamo no gupima ibikoresho: Hitamo igikoresho gikwiye cyo gupima ubukana hakurikijwe urwego rw'ubukana n'imiterere y'ibikoresho by'ikizamini. Urugero, ku migozi n'amaboko bya kaburimbo, hagomba gutoranywa ibikoresho byo gupima ubukana bya Rockwell; ku bikoresho fatizo n'ibicuruzwa byarangije gushyuha bitaravurwa, hagomba gutoranywa ibikoresho byo gupima ubukana bya Brinell; ku byuma bipima ubukana bya Vickers bigomba gutoranywa. Mbere yo gupima, igikoresho cyo gupima ubukana kigomba gupimwa kugira ngo harebwe neza ko umutwaro, ingano n'imiterere bya Vickers byujuje ibisabwa, hamwe n'ubuziranenge bw'igikoresho cyo gupima byujuje ibisabwa. Ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa bigomba guherekezwa n'icyemezo cyo gupima, kandi itariki yo gupima n'igihe cyo gukoresha bigomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso ku gikoresho.
Imikorere yo gupima: Shyira icyitegererezo ku ntebe y'akazi y'icyuma gipima ubukana kugira ngo urebe neza ko ubuso bw'icyitegererezo bugororotse bugororotse. Dukurikije inzira z'imikorere y'uburyo bwatoranijwe bwo gupima ubukana, shyiramo umutwaro hanyuma uwugumane mu gihe cyagenwe, hanyuma ukuremo umutwaro hanyuma upime ingano cyangwa ubujyakuzimu bw'icyuma. Urugero, mu igerageza rya Rockwell, agace ka diyama cyangwa agace ka karubide gashyirwa ku buso bw'ibikoresho biri mu igeragezwa hamwe n'umutwaro runaka (nka 150kgf), maze umutwaro ugakurwaho nyuma y'amasegonda 10-15, kandi agaciro k'ubukana gasomwa mu buryo butaziguye; mu igerageza rya Brinell, umupira w'icyuma gikomeye cyangwa agace ka karubide gafite umurambararo runaka gashyirwa ku buso bw'ibikoresho biri mu igeragezwa munsi y'umutwaro runaka (nka 3000kgf), kandi umutwaro ugakurwaho nyuma y'amasegonda 10-15. Umurambararo w'icyuma gipimwa hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi yo gusoma, kandi agaciro k'ubukana kaboneka hakoreshejwe kubara.
Isuzuma risubirwamo: Kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ibisubizo by'ibizamini ari iby'ukuri, buri gice cy'ibizamini kigomba gupimwa inshuro nyinshi, kandi agaciro k'impuzandengo gafatwa nk'igisubizo cya nyuma cy'ibizamini. Mu bihe bisanzwe, buri gice cy'ibizamini kigomba gupimwa inshuro 3-5 kugira ngo hagabanywe amakosa yo gupima.

5.3 Kwandika no gusesengura amakuru
Kwandika no gusesengura amakuru ni yo sano ya nyuma mu igeragezwa ry’ubukana bw’ibicuruzwa. Mu gutondeka no gusesengura amakuru y’ibizamini, imyanzuro ya siyansi n’iyumvikana ishobora gufatwa, igatanga ishingiro ryo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa.
Kwandika amakuru: Amakuru yose yabonetse mu gihe cy'ikizamini agomba kwandikwa mu buryo burambuye muri raporo y'ikizamini, harimo nimero y'icyitegererezo, aho ikizamini cyabereye, uburyo cyakoreshejwe, agaciro k'ubukana, itariki y'ikizamini, abakozi bakorewe ikizamini n'andi makuru. Inyandiko z'amakuru zigomba kuba zisobanutse neza, zuzuye kandi zinoze kugira ngo zorohereze isuzuma n'isesengura rikurikiraho.
Isesengura ry'amakuru: Isesengura ry'imibare y'amakuru y'ibizamini, kubara ibipimo by'imibare nk'agaciro k'ubukana bw'ikigereranyo n'itandukaniro risanzwe rya buri ngingo y'ibizamini, no gusuzuma uburinganire n'ubudahinduka bw'ubukana. Urugero, niba ubukana bw'impuzandengo y'agapira k'imigozi y'urukiramende ari 250HBW kandi itandukaniro risanzwe ari 5HBW, bivuze ko ubukana bw'urukiramende rw'imigozi bungana kandi kugenzura ubuziranenge ni byiza; niba itandukaniro risanzwe ari rinini, hashobora kubaho ihindagurika ry'ubuziranenge mu mikorere, kandi hakenewe iperereza ryinshi ku mpamvu n'ingamba zo kunoza.
Kumenya ibisubizo: Gereranya ibisubizo by'ibizamini n'urugero rw'ubukomere bwavuzwe mu bipimo ngenderwaho by'igihugu cyangwa mpuzamahanga kugira ngo umenye niba icyitegererezo cyujuje ibisabwa. Iyo agaciro k'ubukomere bw'aho ikizamini giherereye karenze urugero rwavuzwe mu bipimo ngenderwaho, nko kuba ubukomere bw'agapira buri munsi ya 229HBW cyangwa burenga 285HBW, urunigi rufatwa nk'ikintu kidafite ibisabwa kandi rugomba kongera gushyushya cyangwa izindi ngamba zo kuvura kugeza igihe agaciro k'ubukomere kujuje ibisabwa. Ku bicuruzwa bidafite ibisabwa, ibisabwa byabyo bigomba kwandikwa mu buryo burambuye kandi impamvu zigasesengurwa kugira ngo hafatwe ingamba zo kunoza ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa.

6. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku igeragezwa ry'ubukomere

6.1 Ingaruka z'ibidukikije by'ibizamini

Ahantu hakorerwa ibizamini hari ingaruka zikomeye ku buziranenge bw'ibisubizo by'ubukana bw'iminyururu ikora neza.

Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe: Impinduka z'ubushyuhe zigira ingaruka ku buryo buboneye bw'icyuma gipima ubukana n'imikorere y'ibikoresho. Urugero, iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane cyangwa hasi cyane, ibice bya mekanike n'ibice by'ikoranabuhanga by'icyuma gipima ubukana bishobora kwaguka no gucika bitewe n'ubushyuhe, bigatera amakosa yo gupima. Muri rusange, urwego rwiza rw'ubushyuhe bw'igikoresho gipima ubukana cya Brinell, Rockwell na Vickers ni 10℃-35℃. Iyo ubu bushyuhe burenze, ikosa ryo gupima ry'igikoresho gipima ubukana rishobora kwiyongeraho hafi ±1HRC cyangwa ±2HV. Muri icyo gihe, ingaruka z'ubushyuhe ku bukana bw'ibikoresho ntizishobora kwirengagizwa. Urugero, ku bikoresho by'umunyururu ugororotse, nk'icyuma cya 45#, ubukana bwabyo bushobora kwiyongera gato mu bushyuhe buke, mu gihe mu bushyuhe bwinshi, ubukana buzagabanuka. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo gukora isuzuma ry'ubukana, bigomba gukorwa mu bushyuhe budahinduka uko bishoboka kose, kandi ubushyuhe bw'icyo gihe bugomba kwandikwa kugira ngo hakosorwe ibisubizo by'ibizamini.
Ingaruka z'ubushuhe: Ingaruka z'ubushuhe ku igeragezwa ry'ubushuhe zigaragarira cyane cyane mu bice by'ikoranabuhanga by'icyuma gipima ubushuhe n'ubuso bw'icyitegererezo. Ubushuhe bwinshi bushobora gutuma ibice by'ikoranabuhanga by'icyuma gipima ubushuhe biba bitose, bigahindura uburyo gipima neza kandi bihamye. Urugero, iyo ubushuhe burenze 80%, ikosa ryo gupima ry'icyuma gipima ubushuhe rishobora kwiyongeraho hafi ± 0.5HRC cyangwa ± 1HV. Byongeye kandi, ubushuhe bushobora no gukora agahu k'amazi ku buso bw'icyitegererezo, bigahindura uko igice cy'icyuma gipima ubushuhe gihura n'ubuso bw'icyitegererezo, bigatera amakosa yo gupima. Ku igeragezwa ry'ubushuhe bw'iminyururu y'urukiramende ikora neza, ni byiza ko bikorwa ahantu hari ubushuhe bungana na 30%-70% kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ibisubizo by'isuzuma ari ukuri.
Ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ikirere: Ihindagurika ry'ikirere mu igeragezwa rizabangamira igeragezwa ry'ubukana. Urugero, ihindagurika ry'ikirere riterwa n'imikorere y'ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibyuma biri hafi aho rishobora gutuma igice cy'icyuma gipima ubukana kigira ihinduka rito mu gihe cyo gupima, bigatera amakosa yo gupima. Ihindagurika ry'ikirere rishobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku buryo umutwaro ukoreshwa n'ihindagurika ry'imashini ipima ubukana, bityo bigira ingaruka ku buryo agaciro k'ubukana kari gahagaze. Muri rusange, iyo ukoze isuzuma ry'ubukana mu gace gafite ihindagurika rinini, ikosa ryo gupima rishobora kwiyongeraho hafi ± 0.5HRC cyangwa ± 1HV. Kubwibyo, iyo ukoze isuzuma ry'ubukana, ugomba kugerageza guhitamo ahantu kure y'aho ihindagurika rituruka no gufata ingamba zikwiye zo kugabanya ihindagurika, nko gushyiraho agapapuro ko kugabanya ihindagurika hepfo y'icyuma gipima ubukana, kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka z'ihindagurika ku bisubizo by'ibizamini.

6.2 Ingaruka z'umukoresha
Urwego rw'umwuga rw'umukoresha n'imyitwarire ye mu mikorere bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buziranenge bw'ibisubizo by'ubukana bw'iminyururu ikora neza.
Ubuhanga mu mikorere: Ubuhanga bw'umukoresha mu gupima ubukana bw'ibipimo bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buryo bufatika bw'ibipimo. Urugero, ku gipimo cya Brinell, umukoresha agomba gupima neza umurambararo w'umurambararo, kandi ikosa ryo gupima rishobora gutera ihinduka mu gaciro k'ubukana. Niba umukoresha atamenyereye ikoreshwa ry'igikoresho cyo gupima, ikosa ryo gupima rishobora kwiyongeraho ± 2%. Ku bapima ubukana bwa Rockwell n'abapima ubukana bwa Vickers, umukoresha agomba gushyira umutwaro neza no gusoma agaciro k'ubukana. Imikorere idakwiye ishobora gutuma ikosa ryo gupima ryiyongeraho ± 1HRC cyangwa ± 1HV. Kubwibyo, umukoresha agomba guhabwa amahugurwa y'umwuga no kuba azi uburyo bwo gukora n'uburyo bwo kwirinda bw'igikoresho cyo gupima ubukana kugira ngo amenye neza ko ibisubizo by'ibizamini ari ukuri.
Ubunararibonye mu isuzuma: Ubunararibonye mu isuzuma ry’umukoresha buzagira ingaruka ku buryo ibisubizo by’isuzuma ry’ubukana bihinduka. Abakora ubunararibonye bashobora gusuzuma neza ibibazo bishobora kuvuka mu gihe cy’isuzuma no gufata ingamba zijyanye nabyo kugira ngo babikosore. Urugero, mu gihe cy’isuzuma, iyo agaciro k’ubukana kagaragaye ko katari gasanzwe, abakora ubunararibonye bashobora gusuzuma niba hari ikibazo kiri ku rugero ubwarwo, cyangwa ikizamini cyangwa igikoresho cyananiwe hashingiwe ku bunararibonye n’ubumenyi bw’umwuga, kandi bakagikemura ku gihe. Abakora ubunararibonye bashobora gukemura ibibazo bidasanzwe mu buryo butari bwo, bigatuma bafatwa nabi. Kubwibyo, ibigo bigomba kwibanda ku guteza imbere ubunararibonye mu isuzuma ry’abakora no kunoza urwego rw’isuzuma ry’abakora binyuze mu mahugurwa n’imyitozo ihoraho.
Inshingano: Inshingano z'abakora ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ubukana bibe ukuri. Abakora bafite inshingano zikomeye bazakurikiza amabwiriza n'ibisobanuro, bandika neza amakuru y'ibizamini, kandi basesengure neza ibisubizo by'ibizamini. Urugero, mu gihe cy'ikizamini, umukoresha agomba gusubiramo ikizamini kuri buri ngingo y'ikizamini inshuro nyinshi kandi agafata agaciro mpuzandengo nk'umusaruro wa nyuma w'ikizamini. Iyo umukoresha adafite inshingano, intambwe zo gupima zisubirwamo zishobora gusibwa, bigatuma ibisubizo by'ibizamini bigabanuka. Kubwibyo, ibigo bigomba kongera ubumenyi ku nshingano z'abakora kugira ngo barebe ko akazi k'ikizamini kaba gakomeye kandi gatunganye.

6.3 Ingaruka z'ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho
Ubuziranenge bw'igikoresho cyo gupima ubukana ni ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buziranenge bw'ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ubukana by'iminyururu ikora neza.
Uburyo gipima ubukana: Ubunararibonye bw'igikoresho gipima ubukana bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buryo bugaragara ku bisubizo by'ibizamini. Urugero, ikosa ryo gupima ubukana bwa Brinell muri rusange riri hagati ya ± 2%, ikosa ryo gupima ubukana bwa Rockwell muri rusange riri hagati ya ± 1HRC, naho ikosa ryo gupima ubukana bwa Vickers muri rusange riri hagati ya ± 1HV. Iyo ubunararibonye bw'igikoresho butujuje ibisabwa, ubunararibonye bw'ibisubizo by'ibizamini ntibushobora kwemezwa. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo guhitamo igikoresho gipima ubukana, hagomba gutoranywa igikoresho gifite ubunararibonye bwinshi kandi gihamye, kandi hagakorwa isuzuma n'igenzura buri gihe kugira ngo harebwe ko ubunararibonye bw'igikoresho buhuye n'ibisabwa mu isuzuma.
Kugenzura igikoresho: Kugenzura igikoresho gipima ubukana ni ishingiro ryo kwemeza ko ibisubizo by'ibizamini ari ukuri. Kugenzura igikoresho bigomba gukorwa n'ikigo cyujuje ibisabwa cyangwa abakozi b'inzobere kandi bigakorwa hakurikijwe amahame n'ibipimo bireba. Ibipimo byo kugenzura birimo uburyo igikoresho gipima neza, ingano n'imiterere y'icyuma gipima, uburyo igikoresho gipima neza, n'ibindi. Inzira yo kugenzura muri rusange igenwa hakurikijwe inshuro gikoreshwa n'uburyo gihagaze, ubusanzwe kuva ku mezi 6 kugeza ku mwaka 1. Ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa bigomba guherekezwa n'icyemezo cyo kugenzura, kandi itariki yo kugenzura n'igihe cyo gukoresha bigomba gushyirwa ku gikoresho. Iyo igikoresho kidapimwe cyangwa uburyo bwo kugenzura bugatsindwa, ukuri kw'ibisubizo by'ibizamini ntibishobora kwemezwa. Urugero, igikoresho gipima ubukana kidapimwe gishobora gutuma ikosa ryo gupima ryiyongeraho hafi ± 2HRC cyangwa ± 5HV.
Gusana ibikoresho: Gusana ibikoresho byo gupima ubukana nabyo ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hamenyekane neza niba ibisubizo by'ibizamini ari ukuri. Mu gihe cyo gukoresha igikoresho, ukuri gushobora guhinduka bitewe n'ubusaza bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, gusaza kw'ibice by'ikoranabuhanga, nibindi. Kubwibyo, ibigo bigomba gushyiraho uburyo bwuzuye bwo gusana ibikoresho no kubungabunga no gutunganya igikoresho buri gihe. Urugero, gusukura buri gihe indorerwamo y'igikoresho, kugenzura ubusaza bw'indorerwamo, kugenzura uburyo icyuma gipima imizigo gikoreshwa, nibindi. Binyuze mu gusana buri gihe, ibibazo by'igikoresho bishobora kuvumburwa no gukemurwa ku gihe kugira ngo hamenyekane neza kandi ko gihamye.

7. Kumenya no gushyira mu bikorwa ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ubukana

7.1 Igipimo ngenderwaho cyo kumenya ibisubizo
Kumenya ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ubukana bw'iminyururu ikora neza bikorwa hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho kugira ngo harebwe ko ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa bwujuje ibisabwa.
Igenwa ry’ibipimo ngenderwaho mu gihugu: Dukurikije amahame ngenderwaho y’igihugu nka GB/T 1243-2006 “Umunyururu w’udupira, Umunyururu w’udupira n’umunyururu w’amenyo”, iminyururu y’udupira ikozwe mu bikoresho bitandukanye n’uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe ifite ibisabwa mu rwego rwo gukomera. Urugero, ku minyururu y’udupira ikozwe mu byuma 45, gukomera kw’udupira n’udupira bigomba kugenzurwa kuri 229-285HBW; gukomera kw’ubuso bw’umunyururu nyuma yo gutunganya kaburimbo bigomba kugera kuri 58-62HRC, kandi uburebure bw’urwego rwa kaburimbo ni 0.8-1.2mm. Niba ibisubizo by’ibizamini birengeje uru rugero, nko gukomera kw’udupira biri munsi ya 229HBW cyangwa hejuru ya 285HBW, bizafatwa nk’ibitujuje ibisabwa.
Ihame Mpuzamahanga: Dukurikije ISO 606 n'andi mahame mpuzamahanga, ubukana bw'iminyururu ikora neza ikozwe mu cyuma cya alloy muri rusange ni 241-321HBW, ubukana bw'ubuso bw'umunyururu nyuma yo gutunganya nitride bugomba kugera kuri 600-800HV, kandi uburebure bw'urwego rwa nitride bugomba kuba 0.3-0.6mm. Amahame Mpuzamahanga arakomeye cyane mu gusuzuma ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi. Niba ibisubizo by'ibizamini bitujuje ibisabwa, ntabwo umunyururu uzafatwa nk'udafite ubuziranenge gusa, ahubwo n'ubwoko bumwe bw'ibicuruzwa nabwo buzakenera gukuba kabiri kugira ngo hamenyekane ingero. Niba hakiri ibicuruzwa bidafite ubuziranenge, ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bugomba kongera gutunganywa.
Ibisabwa mu gusubiramo no kongera gupima: Kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ibisubizo by'ibizamini ari iby'ukuri, buri gice cy'ibizamini kigomba gusuzumwa inshuro nyinshi, akenshi inshuro 3-5, kandi agaciro k'impuzandengo gafatwa nk'igisubizo cya nyuma. Itandukaniro mu bisubizo by'ikizamini cy'icyitegererezo kimwe n'abakoresha batandukanye rigomba kugenzurwa mu rugero runaka, nko kuba itandukaniro mu bisubizo by'ibizamini bya Rockwell muri rusange ritarenga ± 1HRC, itandukaniro mu bisubizo by'ibizamini bya Brinell muri rusange ritarenga ± 2%, kandi itandukaniro mu bisubizo by'ibizamini bya Vickers muri rusange ritarenga ± 1HV.

7.2 Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi no kugenzura ubuziranenge
Ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ubukana si byo shingiro ryo kumenya niba ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa gusa, ahubwo ni n'ingenzi mu kugenzura ubuziranenge no kunoza imikorere.
Kugenzura ubuziranenge: Binyuze mu gupima ubukana, ibibazo mu ikorwa ry'umusaruro, nk'inenge mu bikoresho no gutunganya ubushyuhe nabi, bishobora kuboneka mu gihe. Urugero, niba ikizamini gisanze ubukana bw'umunyururu buri hasi ugereranije n'ibisabwa bisanzwe, bishobora kuba ari uko ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe budahagije cyangwa igihe cyo kubufata kidahagije; niba ubukana buri hejuru ugereranyije n'ibisabwa bisanzwe, bishobora kuba ari uko kuzimya ubushyuhe ari byinshi cyane. Dukurikije ibisubizo by'ikizamini, isosiyete ishobora guhindura inzira yo gukora ku gihe kugira ngo irebe ko ubuziranenge bw'umusaruro buhamye kandi buhamye.
Kunoza uburyo ibintu bikorwa: Ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ubukomere bifasha kunoza uburyo bwo gukora iminyururu y'urukiramende ikora neza. Urugero, mu gusesengura impinduka z'ubukomere bw'umunyururu mu buryo butandukanye bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe, ikigo gishobora kugena ibipimo byiza byo gutunganya ubushyuhe no kunoza uburyo umunyururu udashobora kwangirika no kudacika intege. Muri icyo gihe, ibizamini by'ubukomere bishobora kandi gutanga ishingiro ryo guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ubukomere bw'ibikoresho fatizo bwujuje ibisabwa mu gishushanyo, bityo bikanoza ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa muri rusange.
Kwemerwa no gutangwa kw'ibicuruzwa: Mbere yuko ibicuruzwa biva mu ruganda, ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ubukana ni ishingiro ry'ingenzi ryo kwemerwa kw'abakiriya. Raporo y'ibizamini by'ubukana ijyanye n'ibisabwa ishobora kongera icyizere cy'abakiriya ku bicuruzwa no guteza imbere kugurisha no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa. Ku bicuruzwa bitujuje ibisabwa, ikigo kigomba kubivugurura kugeza igihe bizatsindira ikizamini cy'ubukana mbere yuko bishyikirizwa abakiriya, ibi bifasha kunoza izina ry'isoko ry'ikigo no kunyurwa kw'abakiriya.
Gukurikirana ubuziranenge no kunoza imikorere: Kwandika no gusesengura ibyavuye mu isuzuma ry’ubukana bishobora gutanga ubufasha mu gusesengura ubuziranenge. Iyo habayeho ibibazo by’ubuziranenge, amasosiyete ashobora gukurikirana ibyavuye mu isuzuma kugira ngo amenye impamvu nyamukuru y’ikibazo no gufata ingamba zo kunoza imikorere. Muri icyo gihe, binyuze mu gukusanya no gusesengura amakuru y’ibizamini mu gihe kirekire, amasosiyete ashobora kuvumbura ibibazo bishobora kubaho mu buziranenge n’amabwiriza yo kunoza imikorere, no kugera ku kunoza imikorere no kunoza ubwiza buri gihe.