Intangiriro ku buryo busanzwe bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe ku minyururu

Intangiriro ku buryo busanzwe bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe ku minyururu
Mu gikorwa cyo gukora urunigi, uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe ni ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere y'urunigi. Binyuze mu gutunganya ubushyuhe, imbaraga, ubukana, kudashira kw'umurunga n'igihe umara unaniwe bishobora kunozwa cyane kugira ngo bihuze n'ibikenewe mu bihe bitandukanye byo gukoreshwa. Iyi nkuru izagaragaza mu buryo burambuye uburyo busanzwe bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe kuriiminyururu, harimo kuzimya, gushyushya, gutwika kaburimbo, gusiga nitride, gusiga karuboni n'izindi nzira

1. Incamake y'uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe
Gutunganya ubushyuhe ni inzira ihindura imiterere y'imbere y'ibikoresho by'icyuma binyuze mu gushyushya, gushyushya no gukonjesha kugira ngo bibone imikorere ikenewe. Ku minyururu, gutunganya ubushyuhe bishobora kunoza imiterere yabyo ya mekanike no gutuma ikomeza gukora neza mu gihe cy'akazi katoroshye.

2. Uburyo bwo kuzimya
Kuzimya ni imwe mu nzira zikunze gukoreshwa mu kuvura ubushyuhe bw'uruhererekane. Intego ni ukunoza ubukana n'imbaraga by'uruhererekane binyuze mu gukonjesha vuba. Izi zikurikira ni intambwe zihariye zo kuzimya:
1. Gushyushya
Shyushya umunyururu ku bushyuhe bukwiye, akenshi bungana n'ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya bw'ibikoresho. Urugero, ku minyururu y'icyuma cya karuboni, ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya muri rusange buba buri hafi 850°C.
2. Gukingira ubushyuhe
Umaze kugera ku bushyuhe bwo kuzimya, komeza igihe runaka cyo kuzimya kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw'imbere bw'umunyururu bube bumwe. Igihe cyo kuzimya ubusanzwe kigenwa hakurikijwe ingano n'imiterere y'ibikoresho by'umunyururu.
3. Kuzimya
Umunyururu winjizwa vuba mu cyuma gizimya umuriro nk'amazi akonje, amavuta cyangwa amazi y'umunyu. Guhitamo icyuma gizimya umuriro biterwa n'ibikoresho n'imikorere y'umunyururu. Urugero, ku minyururu y'icyuma ifite karubone nyinshi, kuzimya amavuta akenshi bikoreshwa mu kugabanya kwangirika kw'ingufu.
4. Gushyushya
Umunyururu uzima uzatera imbaraga nyinshi imbere, bityo ni ngombwa ko uvura ubushyuhe. Gushyushya umunyururu uzima kugeza ku bushyuhe bukwiye (ubusanzwe buri munsi ya Ac1), ukawugumana ushyushye igihe runaka, hanyuma ukawukonjesha. Gushyushya bishobora kugabanya imbaraga imbere no kongera imbaraga z'umunyururu.

III. Uburyo bwo gukangura
Gushyushya ni inzira y'inyongera nyuma yo kuzimya. Intego yayo nyamukuru ni ukugabanya umuvuduko w'imbere, guhindura ubukana no kunoza imikorere yo gutunganya. Dukurikije ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya, gushyushya bishobora kugabanywamo gushyushya ubushyuhe buri hasi (150℃-250℃), gushyushya ubushyuhe buri hagati (350℃-500℃) n'ugushyushya ubushyuhe buri hejuru (hejuru ya 500℃). Urugero, ku minyururu isaba gukomera cyane, gushyushya ubushyuhe buri hagati ni byo bikunze gukoreshwa.

IV. Uburyo bwo gushyiramo kaburimbo
Gushyiramo kaburimbo ni uburyo bwo gukomera kw'ubuso, bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kunoza ubukomere n'ubudahangarwa bw'ubuso bw'umunyururu. Uburyo bwo gushyiramo kaburimbo bukubiyemo intambwe zikurikira:

1. Gushyushya
Shyushya umugozi kugeza ku bushyuhe bwa kaburizing, ubusanzwe 900℃-950℃.

2. Gukoresha carburizing
Shyira urunigi mu buryo bwa kaburizing, nka sodium cyanide solution cyangwa ikirere cya kaburizing, kugira ngo atome za karuboni zikwirakwire hejuru no imbere mu runigi.

3. Kuzimya
Urunigi rwa kaburimbo rugomba kuzimwa kugira ngo urwego rwa kaburimbo rukomere kandi rwongere ubukana.

4. Gushyushya
Urunigi ruzimye rurakonjeshwa kugira ngo rukureho stress imbere no gukosora ubukana.

5. Uburyo bwo gusiga nitridi
Gushyira nitride mu isanzure ni uburyo bwo gukomera kw'umunyururu no kudashira kw'amazi binyuze mu gukora urwego rwa nitride ku buso bw'umunyururu. Ubusanzwe uburyo bwo gushyira nitride mu ruganda bukorwa ku bushyuhe bwa 500℃-600℃, kandi igihe cyo gushyira nitride kigenwa hakurikijwe ingano n'imikorere y'umunyururu.

6. Uburyo bwo gukoresha karuboni
Gukoresha Carbonitride ni inzira ihuza ibyiza byo gukoresha carburizing na nitriding, kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kunoza ubukana no kudashira kw'ubuso bw'umunyururu. Uburyo bwo gukoresha Carbonitride burimo gushyushya, gukoresha nitriding, kuzimya no gushyushya.

7. Uburyo bwo kuzimya ubuso
Kuzimya ubuso ahanini bikoreshwa mu kunoza ubukana no kudashira kw'ubuso bw'umunyururu mu gihe bikomeza gukomera imbere. Kuzimya ubuso bishobora kugabanywamo kuzimya ubuso bushyushya induction, kuzimya umuriro no kuzimya ubuso bushyushya hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi hakurikijwe uburyo butandukanye bwo gushyushya.
1. Kuzimya ubuso bushyushya induction
Gushyushya ubuso hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa "induction heating surface closure" bikoresha ihame rya "electromagnetic induction" kugira ngo bishyushye ubuso bw'umunyururu ku bushyuhe bwo kuzimya hanyuma bikonjeshe vuba. Ubu buryo bufite ibyiza byo kwihuta mu gushyushya no kugenzura ubujyakuzimu bw'urwego rw'umunyu.
2. Kuzimya ubushyuhe bw'umuriro
Gushyushya ubuso bw'umuriro ni ugukoresha umuriro kugira ngo ushyushye ubuso bw'umunyururu hanyuma ukazimya. Ubu buryo bukwiriye iminyururu minini cyangwa kuzimya aho utuye.

VIII. Ubuvuzi bw'izabukuru
Kuvura gusaza ni inzira ivugurura imiterere y'ibikoresho by'icyuma hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe cyangwa bw'ubukorano. Kuvura gusaza bisanzwe ni ugushyira igikoresho ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba igihe kirekire, mu gihe kuvura gusaza kw'ubukorano bigerwaho binyuze mu gushyushya kugeza ku bushyuhe bwinshi no kukigumana gishyushye igihe gito.

IX. Guhitamo uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe
Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bisaba gusuzuma neza ibikoresho, ibidukikije bikoreshwa n'ibisabwa mu mikorere y'umunyururu. Urugero, ku minyururu iremereye kandi idapfa kwangirika, kuzimya no gushyushya ni amahitamo asanzwe; mu gihe ku minyururu isaba ubukana bwinshi bw'ubuso, inzira zo gushyiramo kaburimbo cyangwa gukoresha karuboni ni zo zikwiriye.
X. Kugenzura uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe
Kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane. Mu mikorere nyayo, ibipimo nk'ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya, igihe cyo kubikora ndetse n'umuvuduko wo gukonjesha bigomba kugenzurwa neza kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ingaruka zo gutunganya ubushyuhe zihamye kandi zihamye.

Umwanzuro
Binyuze muri gahunda yo gutunganya ubushyuhe yavuzwe haruguru, imikorere y'uruhererekane ishobora kunozwa cyane kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe mu buryo butandukanye bwo gukoresha. Mu gihe cyo guhitamo uruhererekane, abaguzi mpuzamahanga bagurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi bagomba gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'uruhererekane hashingiwe ku buryo bwihariye bwo gukoresha n'ibisabwa mu mikorere kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byaguzwe bihuze n'ibyo bakeneye gukoresha.