Ni gute wakwizeza ko ibikoresho fatizo by'iminyururu izunguruka bidashobora kwangirika?

Ni gute wakwizeza ko ibikoresho fatizo by'iminyururu izunguruka bidashobora kwangirika?

1. Guhitamo ibikoresho
1.1 Hitamo icyuma gifite ubudahangarwa bukomeye bwo kwangirika
Icyuma ni cyo gikoresho cy’ingenzi cy’iminyururu y’ibizingo, kandi ubushobozi bwacyo bwo kurwanya ingese bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buzima bw’iminyururu y’ibizingo n’imikorere yayo. Guhitamo icyuma gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese ni intambwe ya mbere yo kwemeza ko kidahura n’ingeseiminyururu y'ibizingo.
Ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho by'icyuma kidashonga: Icyuma kidashonga ni kimwe mu byuma bikunze gukoreshwa birwanya ingese. Gifite igice runaka cy'ibintu bya chromium, bishobora gukora firime nini ya chromium oxide hejuru kugira ngo hirindwe ko icyuma cyangiza kigera imbere mu cyuma. Urugero, ingano ya chromium iri mu byuma bidashonga 304 ni hafi 18%, ifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangiza kandi ikwiriye ahantu hose hashobora kwangiza ingese. Mu bidukikije bimwe na bimwe byihariye, nko mu mazi yo mu nyanja afite chloride ion nyinshi, 316 steel ifite ubudahangarwa bukomeye bwo kwangiza imyobo bitewe no kongeramo ibintu bya molybdenum, kandi ubudahangarwa bwayo buri hejuru ya 30% ugereranyije n'ubw'ibyuma bidashonga 304.
Ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma cya alloy: Ibyuma bya alloy bishobora kunoza cyane ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma binyuze mu kongeramo ibintu bitandukanye bya alloy, nka nikeli, umuringa, titaniyumu, nibindi. Urugero, kongeramo nikeli bishobora kunoza ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma cya passivation, naho umuringa ushobora kunoza ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma mu kirere. Nyuma yo gushyuha neza, bimwe mu byuma bya alloy bikomeye bishobora gukora filime ya okiside imwe ku buso, bikongera ubudahangarwa bwabyo. Dufashe urugero rw'icyuma cya alloy kirimo nikeli n'umuringa, igipimo cyacyo cya glide mu kirere cy'inganda ni 1/5 gusa cy'icyuma gisanzwe cya karuboni.
Ingaruka zo gutunganya ubuso bw'icyuma ku kurwanya ingese: Uretse guhitamo icyuma gikwiye, gutunganya ubuso ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kunoza ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma. Urugero, urwego rwa zinc, nickel n'ibindi byuma bishyirwa ku buso bw'icyuma binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gutwikira kugira ngo bibe uruzitiro rufatika rwo kwirinda ko ibintu byangiza bihura n'icyuma. Uru rundi rufite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kurwanya ingese mu kirere, kandi igihe cyarwo cyo kurwanya ingese gishobora kugera ku myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. Uru rundi rufite ubukana bwinshi kandi rushobora kwangirika neza, kandi rushobora no kunoza neza ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma. Byongeye kandi, gutunganya filime ihindura imiterere y'ibinyabutabire, nka fosfati, bishobora gukora filime ihindura imiterere y'ibinyabutabire ku buso bw'icyuma kugira ngo byongere ubudahangarwa bw'ingese n'uburyo icyuma gifatana.

2. Gutunganya ubuso
2.1 Gutunganya ibyuma
Gusiga icyuma gishyushya ni bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo gutunganya ubuso bw'icyuma gishyushya imigozi. Gusiga icyuma gishyushya imigozi ku buso bwacyo, bishobora kunozwa neza.
Ihame ryo kurinda urwego rwa galvanized: Zinc ikora filime nini ya zinc oxide mu kirere, ishobora kubuza icyuma cyangiza gukora ku cyuma. Iyo urwego rwa galvanized rwangiritse, zinc nayo ikora nk'ikintu cy'ubwitange kugira ngo ikingire icyuma kwangirika. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwangirika kw'urwego rwa galvanized bushobora kugera ku myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, kandi igipimo cyayo cya kwangirika mu kirere rusange ni hafi 1/10 cy'icyuma gisanzwe.
Ingaruka zo gukoresha galvanizing ku kurwanya ingese: Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha galvanizing burimo gukoresha galvanizing ishyushye, galvanizing ikoresha amashanyarazi, nibindi. Urusobe rwa zinc rukorwa na galvanizing ishyushye rurakomeye kandi rufite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kurwanya ingese, ariko hari ubusumbane bushobora kubaho ku buso. Electrogalvanizing ishobora kugenzura ubugari bw'urusobe rwa zinc kugira ngo ubuso bube bumwe kandi bunoze. Urugero, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukoresha electrogalvanizing, ubugari bw'urusobe rwa zinc bushobora kugenzurwa hagati ya 5-15μm, kandi ubudahangarwa bwarwo bungana n'ubwo gukoresha galvanizing ikoresha amashanyarazi, kandi ubwiza bw'ubuso buraruta, bukwiriye ibicuruzwa by'urusobe rw'iminyururu bifite ibisabwa byinshi ku buso.
Kubungabunga n'uburyo bwo kwirinda urwego rwa galvanizing: Urwego rwa galvanizing rugomba gukomeza gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gukoresha kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kwa mashini. Iyo urwego rwa galvanizing rwangiritse, rugomba gusanwa ku gihe kugira ngo icyuma kidahura n'ibintu byangiza. Byongeye kandi, mu bidukikije bimwe na bimwe byihariye, nko mu bidukikije bifite aside nyinshi cyangwa alkaline, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese bw'urwego rwa galvanizing buzagira ingaruka ku rugero runaka, kandi ni ngombwa guhitamo inzira ikwiye yo gushyiramo galvanizing n'ingamba zo kuyirinda hakurikijwe ibidukikije byihariye.
2.2 Uburyo bwo gutunganya nikeli
Gushyira nikeli mu cyuma ni ubundi buryo bwiza bwo kunoza uburyo icyuma kidakoresha ingese. Igikoresho cyo gushyira nikeli mu cyuma gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese kandi kidakoresha ingese.
Ubudahangarwa bwa nickel plating: Nickel ifite ubushobozi buhamye bwo kurwanya ingese kandi ishobora gukora filime ihamye yo gukwirakwiza ingese mu buryo bwinshi bwo gukwirakwiza ingese, bityo ikarinda neza ko icyuma cyangiza ntigikorane n'icyuma. Ubudahangarwa bwa nickel plating layer buruta ubw'icyuma cya zinc plating layer, cyane cyane mu bidukikije birimo iyoni za chloride, kandi ubudahangarwa bwabyo bwo gukwirakwiza ingese burakomera cyane. Urugero, mu bidukikije byo mu mazi y'inyanja birimo iyoni za chloride, igihe cyo kurwanya ingese cya nickel plating layer kikubye inshuro 3-5 ugereranyije n'icyuma cya zinc plating layer.
Uburyo bwo gupfunyika nikeli n'ingaruka zabyo ku mikorere: Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupfunyika nikeli burimo gupfunyika amashanyarazi n'uburyo bwo gupfunyika nikeli. Urukuta rwa nikeli rufite ubukana bwinshi kandi rudashira neza, ariko rufite ibisabwa cyane kugira ngo ubuso bwa substrate bube bugororotse. Gupfunyika nikeli bishobora gukora irangi ringana ku buso bw'urukuta rudashira, kandi ubunini n'imiterere y'urukuta bishobora guhindurwa binyuze mu buryo bwo gukora. Urugero, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupfunyika nikeli, urukuta rwa nikeli rufite ubunini bwa 10-20μm rushobora gushyirwa ku buso bw'icyuma gipfunyika, kandi ubukana bwacyo bushobora kugera kuri HV700, butari gusa bufite ubukana bwiza bwo kwangirika, ahubwo bunafite ubukana bwiza bwo kwangirika.
Imikoreshereze n'imbogamizi zo gushyiramo nikeli: Gushyiramo nikeli bikoreshwa cyane mu bicuruzwa bifite ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo birwanye ingese n'ubudasaza, nko mu nganda zikora imiti, mu gutunganya ibiribwa n'izindi nganda. Ariko, uburyo bwo gushyiramo nikeli buragoye kandi buhenze, kandi mu duce tumwe na tumwe dufite aside nyinshi na alkali nyinshi, ubudasaza bw'urwego rwo gushyiramo nikeli nabwo buzaba bufite aho bugarukira. Byongeye kandi, amazi mabi akorwa mu gihe cyo gushyiramo nikeli agomba gusukurwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduza ibidukikije.

3. Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe
3.1 Uburyo bwo kuzimya no gushyushya
Kuzimya no gushyushya ni inzira y'ingenzi yo gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho fatizo by'umunyururu utembera. Binyuze mu guhuza kuzimya no gushyushya ubushyuhe bwinshi, imikorere y'icyuma ishobora kunozwa cyane, bityo bikanongera ubushobozi bwacyo bwo kurwanya ingese.
Uruhare rwo kuzimya no guhitamo ibipimo: Kuzimya bishobora gukonjesha icyuma vuba, gukora imiterere ikomeye cyane nka martensite, no kunoza ubukana n'imbaraga by'icyuma. Ku bikoresho fatizo bya roller chain, ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa byo kuzimya birimo amavuta n'amazi. Urugero, kuri bimwe mu byuma bikoresha aloyi ya karuboni iciriritse, kuzimya amavuta bishobora kwirinda ko habaho icyuho cyo kuzimya no kubona ubukana bwinshi. Guhitamo ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya ni ingenzi, muri rusange hagati ya 800℃ -900℃, kandi ubukana nyuma yo kuzimya bushobora kugera kuri HRC45-55. Nubwo ubukana bw'icyuma cyazimye ari bwinshi, ubukana bw'imbere ni bwinshi kandi ubukana ni bubi, bityo hakenewe ubushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo kunoze iyi miterere.
Gutunganya ubushyuhe bwinshi: Ubushyuhe bwinshi bukunze gukorwa hagati ya 500℃-650℃, kandi igihe cyo gushyushya ubusanzwe ni amasaha 2-4. Mu gihe cyo gushyushya, imbaraga zisigaye mu cyuma zirarekurwa, ubukana bugabanuka gato, ariko ubukomere burarushaho kwiyongera, kandi imiterere ya troostite ihamye ishobora gukorwa, ifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike kandi irwanya ingese. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ubushyuhe bw'icyuma nyuma yo gushyushya no gushyushya bushobora kongerwaho 30%-50%. Urugero, mu kirere cy'inganda, igipimo cya ngese cy'ibikoresho fatizo by'iminyururu yazimye kandi yazimye ni hafi 1/3 cy'icyuma kitavuwe. Byongeye kandi, kuzimya no gushyushya bishobora no kunoza imikorere y'icyuma inaniwe, ibi bikaba bifite akamaro kanini mu ikoreshwa ry'iminyururu yazimye mu gihe kirekire mu mitwaro ihindagurika.
Uburyo bwo kuzimya no gushyushya ibyuma butuma ibyuma bidashobora kwangirika: Kuzimya no gushyushya ibyuma birushaho kunoza imiterere y’icyuma, bikongera ubukana n’ubukomere bw’ubuso bwacyo, bityo bikongera ubushobozi bwacyo bwo kurwanya isuri bitewe n’ibintu byangiza. Ku ruhande rumwe, ubukana bwinshi bushobora kugabanya kwangirika kw’icyuma cyangiza ku buso bw’icyuma no kugabanya umuvuduko w’ubushye; ku rundi ruhande, imiterere ihamye ishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w’ubushyuhe bw’icyuma cyangiza kandi igatinza ingaruka z’ubushye. Muri icyo gihe, kuzimya no gushyushya ibyuma bishobora no kunoza ubudahangarwa bw’icyuma ku kugabanuka kwa hydrogen. Mu duce tumwe na tumwe dufite iyoni za hydrogen, bishobora gukumira icyuma kwangirika imburagihe bitewe no kugabanuka kwa hydrogen.

4. Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge
4.1 Uburyo bwo gupima ubudahangarwa bw'inkongi
Isuzuma ry’ibicuruzwa fatizo by’umunyururu ugendera ku ngano ni ingenzi mu kwemeza ubuziranenge bwabyo. Binyuze mu buryo bwa siyansi n’ubusanzwe, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingona mu bintu bitandukanye bushobora gusuzumwa neza, bityo bigatanga icyizere cy’uko ibicuruzwa bizakorwa neza.
1. Ikizamini cyo gusukura umunyu
Ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu ni uburyo bwo gupima ingese bwihuta bugaragaza ibidukikije byo mu nyanja cyangwa ahantu hakonje kandi bukoreshwa cyane mu gusuzuma uburyo ibikoresho by'icyuma birwanya ingese.
Ihame ry’ikizamini: Icyitegererezo cy’umunyu gishyirwa mu cyumba cy’ikizamini cya spray y’umunyu kugira ngo ubuso bw’icyitegererezo bukomeze kugaragara ahantu runaka hashyirwa umunyu. Iyoni za kloride ziri mu gikoresho cya spray y’umunyu zihutisha ingaruka z’ubushyuhe bw’icyuma. Ubudahangarwa bw’icyitegererezo bupimwa hareberwa urwego rw’ubushyuhe bw’icyitegererezo mu gihe runaka. Urugero, hakurikijwe amahame mpuzamahanga ya ISO 9227, ikizamini cya spray y’umunyu udafite aho ubogamiye gikorwa hakoreshejwe igipimo cya spray y’umunyu cya 5% NaCl, ubushyuhe bugenzurwa kuri dogere selisiyusi 35, n’igihe cy’ikizamini cy’amasaha 96.
Isuzuma ry'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi: Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe bupimwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso nk'ibikomoka ku bushyuhe, ubujyakuzimu bw'imyobo, n'igipimo cy'ubushyuhe ku buso bw'icyitegererezo. Ku miyoboro y'ibyuma bitagira umugese, nyuma y'ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu amasaha 96, ubujyakuzimu bw'imyobo bugomba kuba munsi ya 0.1mm kandi igipimo cy'ubushyuhe kigomba kuba munsi ya 0.1mm ku mwaka kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu nganda muri rusange. Ku miyoboro y'ibyuma bitagira umugese, nyuma yo gutera galvanizing cyangwa nickel, ibisubizo by'ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa byo hejuru. Urugero, nyuma y'ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu amasaha 96, umuyoboro w'imyobo ukozwe muri nickel nta bushyuhe bugaragara ku buso kandi ubujyakuzimu bw'imyobo buri munsi ya 0.05mm.
2. Ikizamini cy'amashanyarazi
Gupima amashanyarazi bishobora gutanga ubumenyi bwimbitse ku bijyanye no kudakira kw'ibikoresho binyuze mu gupima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ibyuma mu bikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi.
Ikizamini cya Polarization Curve: Icyitegererezo cy'umunyururu w'umunyururu ukoreshwa nk'amashanyarazi akora kandi ukinjizwa mu buryo bwangiza (nk'umunyururu wa 3.5% wa NaCl cyangwa umuti wa 0.1mol/L H₂SO₄), kandi umurongo wayo wa polarization wanditswe n'ikigo cy'ikoranabuhanga. Umurongo wa polarization ushobora kugaragaza ibipimo nk'ubucucike bw'umunyururu w'umunyururu n'ubushobozi bwa corruption bw'ibikoresho. Urugero, kuri 316 stainless steel roller chain, ubucucike bw'umunyururu w'umunyururu w'umunyururu w'umunyururu wa NaCl wa 3.5% bugomba kuba munsi ya 1μA/cm², kandi ubushobozi bwa corruption bugomba kuba hafi ya -0.5V (ugereranyije na electrode ya calomel yuzuye), bigaragaza ko ifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa corruption.
Ikizamini cya Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS): Ikizamini cya EIS gishobora gupima impedance yo kohereza umuriro n'impedance yo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho mu buryo bwa corrosive medium kugira ngo harebwe ubusugire n'ubudahangarwa bwa filme y'ubuso bwayo. Ubudahangarwa bwa corrosion bw'ibikoresho bushobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe gusesengura ibipimo nka capacitive arc n'igihe gihoraho muri impedance spectrum. Urugero, impedance yo kohereza umuriro y'icyuma cya roller chain cyazimye kandi cyakonjeshejwe igomba kuba irenga 10⁴Ω·cm² mu ikizamini cya EIS, bigaragaza ko filme y'ubuso bwayo ifite ingaruka nziza zo kurinda.
3. Ikizamini cyo kwibiza mu mazi
Ikizamini cyo kwibiza ni uburyo bwo gupima ingese bwigana imiterere nyayo y'aho ikoreshwa. Icyitegererezo cy'umunyururu uzunguruka cyinjizwa mu buryo runaka bwa ngese igihe kirekire kugira ngo harebwe imyitwarire yangese n'impinduka mu mikorere.
Ibisabwa mu isuzuma: Hitamo ibikoresho byangiza bikwiranye n’aho umuyoboro w’amazi ukoreshwa, nk’umuyoboro wa aside (aside sulfuriki, aside hydrochloric, nibindi), umuyoboro wa alkaline (sodium hydroxide, nibindi) cyangwa umuyoboro udafite aho ubogamiye (nk’amazi yo mu nyanja). Ubushyuhe bw’isuzuma muri rusange bugenzurwa ku bushyuhe bw’icyumba cyangwa ku bushyuhe nyabwo bukoreshwa, kandi igihe cyo gusuzuma ubusanzwe ni ibyumweru byinshi kugeza ku mezi menshi. Urugero, ku miyoboro y’amazi ikoreshwa mu bidukikije bya shimi, ishyirwa mu muyoboro wa 3% H₂SO₄ kuri 40°C mu gihe cy’iminsi 30.
Isesengura ry'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi: Ubudahangarwa bw'ubukonje bupimwa hakoreshejwe ibipimo nko gutakaza uburemere, impinduka mu bipimo, n'impinduka mu miterere y'icyitegererezo. Igipimo cy'igihombo cy'ubukonje ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo gupima ingano y'ubukonje. Ku minyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese, igipimo cy'igihombo cy'ubukonje nyuma y'iminsi 30 yo gupimwa mu mazi kigomba kuba kiri munsi ya 0.5%. Ku minyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese, igipimo cy'igihombo cy'ubukonje kigomba kuba kiri munsi ya 0.2% nyuma yo gusukurwa ku buso. Byongeye kandi, impinduka mu miterere y'icyitegererezo nk'imbaraga zo gukurura no gukomera kw'icyitegererezo nabyo bigomba kugeragezwa kugira ngo harebwe ko gishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa mu kirere cyangiritse.
4. Ikizamini cyo kumanika ahantu hakorerwa ikizamini
Ikizamini cyo kumanika aho hantu ni ukugaragaza neza icyitegererezo cy'umunyururu w'urukiramende aho ukoreshwa neza no gusuzuma uburyo urwanya ingese ureba ingese yawo igihe kirekire.
Uburyo bwo gupima: Hitamo ahantu nyaho ho gukoresha imiti, nk'aho ukorera imiti, aho ukorera ibiribwa mu nyanja, uruganda rutunganya ibiribwa, nibindi, hanyuma umanike cyangwa ushyireho icyitegererezo cy'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa mu gihe runaka. Igihe cy'igerageza ubusanzwe ni amezi menshi kugeza ku myaka myinshi kugira ngo harebwe neza ko imyitwarire y'icyitegererezo mu bidukikije igaragara neza.
Kwandika no gusesengura ibisubizo: Reba kandi ugerageze ingero buri gihe, kandi wandike amakuru nka kwangirika k'ubuso n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa byakwangirika. Urugero, mu isuzuma ry'imiti, nyuma y'umwaka umwe wo kumanika, nta kimenyetso cy'kwangirika kigaragara ku buso bw'umunyururu wa nikeli, mu gihe hari umwobo muto ushobora kugaragara ku buso bw'umunyururu wa galvanized. Mu kugereranya kwangirika kw'ingero z'ibikoresho bitandukanye n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya mu bidukikije nyabyo, kurwanya kwangirika kwayo bishobora gusuzumwa neza, bigatanga ishingiro ry'ingenzi mu guhitamo no gushushanya ibikoresho by'umusaruro.

5. Incamake
Kugenzura ko ibikoresho fatizo by'umunyururu w'imashini zizunguruka bidashobora kwangirika ni umushinga uhamye, ukubiyemo uburyo bwinshi bwo guhuza ibintu nko guhitamo ibikoresho, gutunganya ubuso, gutunganya ubushyuhe no kugenzura ubuziranenge. Mu guhitamo ibikoresho by'icyuma bikwiye bifite ubukana bukomeye bwo kwangirika, nk'icyuma kidashonga n'icyuma cya alloy, no guhuza uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso nko gushyiramo galvanizing na nickel, ubukana bw'ubukana bw'iminyururu y'imashini zizunguruka bushobora kunozwa cyane. Uburyo bwo kuzimya no gushyushya mu buryo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe burushaho kongera imikorere myiza y'icyuma binyuze mu kunoza ibipimo byo kuzimya no gushyushya, ku buryo kigira ubukana bwiza bwo kwangirika no gukora ibintu mu buryo bugoye.
Mu bijyanye no kugenzura ubuziranenge, ikoreshwa ry'uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima nko gupima umunyu, gupima hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, gupima mu mazi no gupima mu gihe cyo kumanika ibikoresho fatizo bitanga ishingiro rya siyansi ryo gusuzuma neza uburyo ibikoresho fatizo fatizo birwanya ingese. Ubu buryo bwo gupima bushobora kwigana ahantu hatandukanye hakoreshwa ibintu no kumenya neza imiterere ya ngese n'impinduka mu mikorere y'ibikoresho mu bihe bitandukanye, bityo bigatuma ibicuruzwa byizewe kandi biramba mu mikoreshereze yabyo.
Muri rusange, binyuze mu guhuza neza ibikubiye haruguru, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese bw'ibikoresho fatizo by'umugozi bushobora kunozwa neza, igihe cyo kubikoresha gishobora kongerwa, kandi ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye bishobora kuzuzwa.