Ni gute wamenya niba umuyoboro w'imashini ukeneye amavuta yo kwisiga?

Ni gute wamenya niba umuyoboro w'imashini ukeneye amavuta yo kwisiga?

Mu rwego rwo kohereza ibikoresho mu nganda, iminyururu y'imizingo ifite uruhare runini, kandi imikorere yayo isanzwe igira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo ibikoresho bitandukanye bya mekanike bigumana umutekano kandi byizewe. Gusiga amavuta ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga iminyururu y'imizingo. Gusuzuma neza niba ikeneye amavuta ntibishobora kongera igihe cy'imikorere y'umunyururu gusa, ahubwo binarinda kwangirika kw'ibikoresho no kubura umusaruro guterwa no gusiba amavuta nabi. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma mu buryo bwimbitse uburyo bwo kumenya niba umunyururu w'imizingo ukeneye amavuta, ikubiyemo uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, ingingo z'ingenzi zo kumenya n'uburyo bwo kwirinda, kugira ngo habeho ubuyobozi bwuzuye kandi bw'umwuga bwo kubungabunga ibikoresho byawe.

1. Imiterere y'ibanze n'amahame ngiro y'imikorere y'umunyururu uzunguruka
Umunyururu w'umunyururu ugizwe ahanini n'amasahani y'imbere y'umunyururu, amasahani y'inyuma y'umunyururu, imisumari, amaboko n'imizingo. Amasahani y'imbere y'umunyururu n'amasahani y'inyuma y'umunyururu akorwa hakoreshejwe gukanda kandi afite imbaraga nyinshi n'ubuhanga buhanitse. Akorana neza n'amasahani n'amaboko kugira ngo akore imiterere y'ibanze y'umunyururu. Nyuma y'uko umunyururu unyuramo, ikiganza gishyirwa hagati y'isahani y'imbere y'umunyururu n'isahani y'inyuma y'umunyururu, maze umunyururu uhambirwa inyuma y'umunyururu kandi ushobora kuzunguruka neza ku musarani.
Iyo umuyoboro w'ingunguru uri mu nzira yo kohereza, umuyoboro w'ingunguru uhuza amenyo y'ingunguru. Uko umuyoboro uzenguruka, umuyoboro uzunguruka hejuru y'amenyo, ugatuma umuyoboro wose uzenguruka, bityo bigatuma imbaraga zikwirakwira. Iyi miterere idasanzwe ituma umuyoboro w'ingunguru ukora neza mu gihe cy'akazi katoroshye nko kwihuta cyane n'umutwaro uremereye, mu gihe ufite ubushobozi bwo kohereza no gukoresha neza. Ariko, mu gihe cy'imikorere y'igihe kirekire y'umuyoboro w'ingunguru, gukururana no kwangirika bizagaragara hagati y'ibice bigize uwo muyoboro, kandi amavuta ahagije ni ingenzi mu kugabanya gukururana, kugabanya kwangirika, no kwemeza ko umuyoboro w'ingunguru ukora neza.

2. Akamaro ko gusiga amavuta ku minyururu izunguruka
Kugabanya gushwanyagurika no kwangirika
Iyo umugozi w'umuzingo urimo gukora, habaho gukururana hagati y'amenyo y'umuzingo n'amenyo y'umuzingo, hagati y'agakoresho k'umuzingo n'agapira, no hagati y'amasafuriya y'umuzingo. Gukururana ntibikoresha ingufu gusa kandi bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kohereza, ahubwo binatera kwangirika buhoro buhoro ku buso bw'ibice bitandukanye, bigira ingaruka ku buryo bunoze n'ubuzima bw'umugozi w'umuzingo. Gusukura neza bishobora gukora agace kamwe k'amavuta hagati y'ubuso bufatanye, kugira ngo gukururana kw'amazi cyangwa gukururana gutandukanye bishobore kugerwaho hagati y'ibice bigenda buhoro, bigabanya cyane ubudahangarwa bw'umuzingo n'ubwangirike. Urugero, muri sisitemu yo kohereza umugozi w'umuzingo w'ibikoresho biremereye byo gutwara ibintu, gukurura neza bishobora kongera igihe cyo kwangirika k'umuzingo inshuro nyinshi, bigagabanya neza ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga n'igihe cyo kudakora kw'ibikoresho.

Gabanya urusaku n'ingufu
Mu gihe cy'imikorere y'umunyururu w'urukiramende, bitewe no gukururana no kugongana kw'ibice, hazavuka urusaku n'ihindagurika ry'ibice. Izi nduru n'ihindagurika ry'ibice ntibizagira ingaruka gusa ku mikorere y'umukoresha, ahubwo binatera kwangirika k'umunaniro no kugabanuka k'ubuhanga bw'ibikoresho. Amavuta ashobora kuzuza icyuho gito kiri hagati y'ibice by'umunyururu w'urukiramende, akagira uruhare mu gufunga no gufata ihindagurika ry'ibice, kandi akagabanya ingaruka zitaziguye hagati y'ibice, bityo akagabanya neza urusaku n'ihindagurika ry'ibice. Dukurikije igerageza, urusaku rwa sisitemu yo kohereza umunyururu w'urukiramende yuzuye amavuta rushobora kugabanukaho desibeli 10-15, kandi uburebure bw'ihindagurika ry'ibice nabwo bushobora kugabanuka cyane, bifasha kunoza uburyo bworoshye n'uburyohe bw'ibikoresho.

Irinde ingese n'umusemburo
Mu nganda zitunganya umusaruro, imiyoboro y'ibirahure ikunze guhura n'ibintu bitandukanye byangiza, nk'ubushuhe, aside na alkali gaze, ibizinga by'amavuta, nibindi. Ibi birahure byoroshye gukora urwego rwangiza ku buso bw'umuyoboro w'ibirahure, bigatuma umuyoboro ugwa ingese kandi ugacika intege, bityo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere yawo isanzwe yo kohereza. Ibisiga amavuta akenshi bigira ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese no kurwanya ingese, kandi bishobora gukora agapira ko kurinda ku buso bw'umuyoboro w'ibirahure kugira ngo bikureho aho ibintu byangiza bihurira n'ubuso bw'icyuma bw'umuyoboro, bikarinda neza ko ingese n'ingese. Urugero, mu iduka ritunganya ibiribwa bikonje cyangwa ahantu hakorerwa imiti, gusiga amavuta buri gihe k'umuyoboro w'ibirahure bishobora kunoza cyane uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese no kwemeza ko ibikoresho bihora bikora neza mu gihe kirekire mu bidukikije bikomeye.

3. Menya ibimenyetso byerekana ko umuyoboro w'ingufu ukeneye amavuta

Igenzura ry'amaso
Ubuso bw'umunyururu bwumye: Reba witonze ubuso bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko. Niba usanze agapira k'amavuta yo kwisiga ku buso bw'umunyururu karazimye kandi karumye kandi kadakomeye, ibi akenshi biba ari ikimenyetso cy'uko amavuta adahagije yo kwisiga. Mu bihe bisanzwe byo kwisiga, ubuso bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko bugomba kugira agapira k'amavuta gato kandi gasa neza, kazagaragaza urumuri runaka. Iyo agapira k'amavuta kabuze, ibyuma bishobora kwangirika ku buso bw'umunyururu, bigatuma inzira yo kwangirika yihuta. Urugero, ku bikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo gutwara iminyururu y'umuzunguruko itarasizwe amavuta kandi igumaho igihe kirekire, hari udusebe duto n'ibisebe byangiritse bitewe n'umunyururu, bigaragaza ko umunyururu ukeneye amavuta yo kwisiga byihutirwa.

Ihinduka ry'ibara ry'umunyururu: Mu gihe cy'imikorere y'umunyururu uzunguruka, iyo amavuta adahagije atuma habaho gukururana kwinshi, hazabaho ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ubu bushyuhe butuma icyuma kiri ku buso bw'umunyururu gihinduka, bigatuma ibara ry'umunyururu rihinduka. Ubusanzwe, iyo habayeho ibara rito ku buso bw'umunyururu, nk'umuhondo woroshye cyangwa umukara, bishobora gusobanura ko imiterere y'amavuta yatangiye kwangirika. Iyo ibara ryimbitse cyane, rigahinduka umukara wijimye cyangwa umukara, cyangwa ndetse n'ubururu butwika igice, bivuze ko umunyururu uba uri mu mimerere yo kubura amavuta menshi kandi ugomba guhita ushyirwamo amavuta ako kanya, bitabaye ibyo bishobora guteza amakosa akomeye nko kwangirika k'umunyururu. Urugero, mu munyururu uzunguruka w'ifuru yo mu nganda mu bushyuhe bwinshi, bitewe n'ubushyuhe budakwirakwira neza no gukaraba bidahagije, ubuso bw'umunyururu bushobora gukaraba ubururu, ari ikimenyetso cy'ububurira ku mavuta gisaba kwitabwaho cyane.

Urubanza rw'isuzuma
Urusaku rudasanzwe: Mu gihe cy'imikorere y'umunyururu w'igare, tega amatwi witonze ijwi ryawo ryo kohereza. Mu bihe bisanzwe, ijwi ryo kohereza ry'umunyururu w'igare rigomba kuba ryiza, rihoraho kandi rituje. Niba wumvise ijwi rikaze kandi rikaze ryo gukururana cyangwa ijwi rya "gukanda" riva mu munyururu, ibi bishobora kuba biterwa no gukururana kudahagije, byongerera gukururana hagati y'amenyo y'igare n'amenyo y'inkono, hagati y'agakoresho n'agapira, kandi bigatera urusaku rudasanzwe rwa mekanike. Urugero, muri sisitemu yo kohereza umunyururu w'igare, iyo umunyururu udafite amavuta, ushobora kumva neza ijwi ryo "gukururana" ry'umunyururu mu gihe cyo kugenda, bigaragaza ko umunyururu ugomba gusigwa no kubungabungwa. Byongeye kandi, niba wumvise amajwi adasanzwe cyangwa ahindagurika mu gihe cyo kohereza umunyururu, bishobora kandi kuba bifitanye isano no gukururana gukabije. Bishobora kuba biterwa no gukubitana kudasanzwe hagati y'icyuho kiri hagati y'ibice by'umunyururu bitewe no kwiyongera kw'ubushyamirane, bisaba igenzura n'ubuvuzi.

Impinduka mu rusaku: Uretse kwita ku ihinduka ry'urusaku: Uretse kwita ku ihinduka ry'urusaku, ugomba no kwita ku ihinduka ry'urusaku. Nyuma y'uko ibikoresho bimaze igihe bikora, kurikirana buri gihe kandi wandike urusaku rw'urusaku rw'urusaku rw'urusaku. Niba usanze urusaku rurimo kwiyongera buhoro buhoro cyangwa hagaragara ibice bishya by'urusaku, ibi bishobora kugaragaza ko imiterere y'urusaku irimo kwangirika. Mu kugereranya amakuru y'urusaku mu bihe bitandukanye, ushobora kubona ibibazo byo gusiga amavuta y'urusaku mbere y'igihe, ugafata ingamba zijyanye n'ihinduka ry'urusaku mu gihe, kandi ukirinda ko ibikoresho byangirika. Urugero, muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza urusaku rw'urusaku rw'imirongo imwe n'imwe ikora, binyuze mu gushyiraho sensor z'urusaku, gukurikirana urusaku rw'urusaku rw'urusaku mu buryo bwihuse, no guhuza porogaramu yo gusesengura amakuru, imiterere y'urusaku rw'urusaku rw'urusaku ishobora kumenyekana neza kugira ngo hagerwe ku isuku yo kwirinda.

Gupima ubushyuhe
Ubushyuhe bw'umunyururu: Koresha ibikoresho nka thermometers za infrared cyangwa patches z'ubushyuhe kugira ngo upime ubushyuhe bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko mu gihe cy'akazi. Mu bihe bisanzwe, ubushyuhe bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko bugomba kuguma mu rugero rudahindagurika. Agaciro k'ubushyuhe bwihariye gaterwa n'ibintu nk'umuvuduko w'imikorere, imiterere y'imizigo, n'aho ibikoresho bikorera. Iyo ubushyuhe bw'umunyururu bugaragaye ko buri hejuru cyane, ibi bishobora guterwa no kutagira amavuta ahagije, bigatuma habaho kwiyongera kw'ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Urugero, muri sisitemu yo kohereza umunyururu w'umuzunguruko w'icyuma gitwara ibikoresho by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, iyo umunyururu udasizwe amavuta neza, ubushyuhe bw'umunyururu bushobora kwiyongeraho dogere selisiyusi 10-20 cyangwa ndetse no hejuru y'ibisanzwe. Ubushyuhe bwinshi buhoraho ntibuzihutisha gusa kwangirika k'umunyururu, ahubwo bushobora no gutuma imikorere y'amavuta yo kwisiga irushaho kwangirika, bikarushaho kwangiza imiterere y'amavuta yo kwisiga, kandi bigatera uruziga rubi. Kubwibyo, iyo ubushyuhe bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko bugaragaye ko buri hejuru cyane, ibikoresho bigomba guhagarara ako kanya, imiterere y'amavuta yo kwisiga igomba kugenzurwa, kandi hagafatwa ingamba zijyanye n'ayo mazi.

Igipimo cyo kuzamuka k'ubushyuhe: Uretse kwita ku gaciro k'ubushyuhe bw'umunyururu w'igare, ugomba no kwita ku gipimo cyo kuzamuka k'ubushyuhe bwawo. Iyo ibikoresho bitangiye cyangwa umutwaro wiyongera mu buryo butunguranye, ubushyuhe bw'umunyururu w'igare burazamuka, ariko niba igipimo cyo kuzamuka k'ubushyuhe kirihuta cyane kandi kikarenga urugero rusanzwe, ibi bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo kuri sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta. Urugero, muri sisitemu yo kohereza igihe cy'umunyururu w'imodoka, iyo amavuta ari make, umunyururu ushyuha vuba mu gihe cy'umuvuduko mwinshi, bishobora gutera amakosa akomeye nko kurekura umunyururu, gusimbuka amenyo, cyangwa no kwangirika. Mu gukurikirana igipimo cyo kuzamuka k'umunyururu w'igare, ibimenyetso bya mbere by'ibibazo byo gusiga amavuta bishobora kuboneka ku gihe, kandi ingamba zishobora gufatwa mbere kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'ibikoresho n'impanuka z'umutekano.

Ikizamini cy'ingano y'impinduka
Igikoresho cy’igerageza ry’ubushyuhe bw’inzobere: Koresha ibikoresho by’igerageza ry’ubushyuhe bw’inzobere, nk’ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe bw’inzobere, kugira ngo upime neza ubushyuhe bw’inzobere mu gupima umugozi w’umugozi. Mu gihe cy’igerageza, icyitegererezo cy’umugozi w’umugozi gishyirwa ku gikoresho cy’igerageza kugira ngo gishushanye neza imiterere y’ingendo mu gihe cy’imikorere nyayo. Ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bubarwa hapimwa ubushyuhe buri hagati y’umugozi n’umugozi n’ibipimo by’ingendo by’umugozi ubwawo. Mu bihe bisanzwe byo gusiga amavuta, ubushyuhe bw’inzobere mu gupima umugozi w’umugozi bugomba kuguma mu rugero rwo hasi kandi ruhamye. Iyo ubushyuhe bw’inzobere bwiyongera cyane bukarenga urugero rusanzwe, bigaragaza ko ingaruka zo gusiga amavuta atari nziza, ubushyuhe bw’inzobere hagati y’ibice by’umugozi buriyongera, kandi kubungabunga ubushyuhe bigomba gukorwa ku gihe. Urugero, muri sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zo kohereza ibikoresho by’imashini zikora neza cyane, nk’igikoresho cyo kohereza ibikoresho by’imashini za CNC, ubushyuhe bw’inzobere mu gupima ubushyuhe bw’inzobere bugomba kuba buri hejuru. Gukoresha buri gihe ibikoresho by’igerageza ry’ubushyuhe bw’inzobere mu gupima, bishobora kwemeza ko umugozi w’umugozi uhora uri mu rwego rwiza rwo gusiga amavuta no kwemeza ko ibikoresho bitunganye kandi bigakora neza.

Uburyo bworoshye bwo gupima uburyaryate: Niba nta gikoresho cy’umwuga cyo gupima ubwivumbure gihari, hari uburyo bworoshye bwo gupima ubwivumbure bushobora gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma neza imiterere y’ubwivumbure bw’umunyururu w’umuzunguruko. Urugero, shyira impera imwe y’umunyururu w’umuzunguruko hanyuma ushyireho imbaraga runaka ku rundi ruhande kugira ngo umunyururu ugumane imbaraga runaka, hanyuma wimure witonze umunyururu ukoresheje ukuboko kwawe urebe uko umunyururu ugenda. Niba umunyururu ugenda neza, nta guhagarara cyangwa kujijinganya bigaragara, kandi ijwi risohoka mu gihe cyo kugenda rikaba ryoroshye, ibi akenshi bigaragaza ko imiterere y’ubwivumbure ari myiza. Ahubwo, niba umunyururu udagenda neza, hari guhagarara cyangwa kujijinganya, kandi hari urusaku rwinshi rwo gushyushya, ibi bishobora gusobanura ubwivumbure budahagije kandi hakenewe igenzura n’ubuvuzi burambuye. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y’ubwivumbure ishobora gupimwa mu buryo butaziguye hareberwa urwego rw’ubwivumbure bw’umunyururu mu gihe cyo gukora. Niba umunyururu worohewe cyane munsi y’umutwaro usanzwe, bishobora guterwa no kwiyongera k’ubwivumbure, bigatuma umuvuduko w’umunyururu ugabanuka, ibyo bikaba ari ikimenyetso cy’ubwivumbure buke.

Igenzura ry'ubworoherane bw'umunyururu
Ikizamini cyo gukoresha intoki: Iyo ibikoresho bihagaritswe, koresha intoki umugozi w'umugozi kugira ngo urebe ko uhindagurika. Mu bihe bisanzwe, umugozi w'umugozi ugomba kuba ushobora kunama no kurambura byoroshye, kandi guhuza ibice by'umugozi bikaba bito kandi byoroshye. Niba umugozi ugaragara ko ufashe, ukomeye cyangwa utari umeze neza mu gihe cyo gukoresha intoki, bishobora guterwa no kutagira amavuta ahagije, bigatuma habaho kwiyongera kw'ibice by'umugozi, cyangwa amavuta yo gusiga yangiritse kandi aterana, bigira ingaruka ku ngendo zisanzwe z'umugozi. Urugero, kuri zimwe mu migozi y'ibikoresho bya mekanike bitakoreshejwe igihe kirekire, amavuta yo gusiga ashobora kwihuta cyangwa gushonga nyuma yo guhagarara igihe kirekire. Mu gihe cyo gukoresha intoki, ubushobozi bw'umugozi buragabanuka, kandi hakenewe kongera gusiga amavuta.

Ikizamini cyo gusimbuka kw'umunyururu: Kugenzura uburyo umunyururu ucicikana ni uburyo bwo gusuzuma imiterere yawo yo gusimbuka. Mu gihe cy'imikorere y'ibikoresho, umunyururu ucicikana uzakora igice runaka cyo gusimbuka bitewe n'imbaraga z'uburemere n'umuvuduko. Iyo umunyururu ucicikana wiyongereye ku buryo budasanzwe, bishobora guterwa n'uburyo bwo gusimbuka nabi, bigatuma umunyururu urushaho kwangirika no gusimbuka gukomeye, bityo bikagabanya umuvuduko w'umunyururu no kongera umuvuduko. Mu gupima buri gihe umunyururu ucicikana no kuwugereranya n'agaciro gasanzwe kasabwa n'uruganda rukora ibikoresho, ibibazo byo gusimbuka bishobora kuboneka nyuma y'igihe. Urugero, muri sisitemu yo kohereza umunyururu ucicikana w'uburyo bwo kuzamura ibyuma bimwe na bimwe binini, hari ibisabwa bikomeye ku buryo umunyururu ucicikana. Mu kugenzura no guhindura umunyururu ucicikana, byemezwa ko umunyururu ucicikana uhora uri mu rwego rwiza rwo gusimbuka no gusimbuka kugira ngo ibikoresho bikore neza mu mutekano.

Icya kane, inshuro zo gupima imiterere y'amavuta yo mu muyoboro w'ingufu
Inshuro zo gupima imiterere y’amavuta yo mu muyoboro w’ingufu zigomba kugenwa neza hashingiwe ku bintu nk'imiterere y’imikorere y’ibikoresho, aho bikorera, n’ubwoko n’imikoreshereze y’umuyoboro w’ingufu zikoreshwa. Muri rusange, ku bikoresho bifite umuvuduko mwinshi mu gukora, imitwaro iremereye, n’ahantu hakorerwa imirimo igoye (nk’ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushuhe, n’ivumbi ryinshi), imiterere y’amavuta yo mu muyoboro w’ingufu zigomba kugeragezwa kenshi. Urugero, muri sisitemu yo gufunguriramo ifuru y’uruganda rw’icyuma, umuyoboro w’ingufu umara igihe kirekire uri mu bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi umutwaro ni munini. Kugira ngo umuyoboro w’ingufu ugende neza, ubusanzwe ni ngombwa kugenzura imiterere y’amavuta yo mu muyoboro w’ingufu buri munsi no kugenzura no kubungabunga byimazeyo rimwe mu cyumweru. Ku bikoresho bimwe na bimwe bifite umuvuduko muto wo gukora, umutwaro woroshye n’aho bikorera neza, nko kohereza amadosiye mu biro, inshuro zo kubona imiterere y’amavuta yo mu muyoboro w’ingufu zikoreshwa zishobora kuba nkeya, muri rusange rimwe mu kwezi.
Byongeye kandi, sisitemu nshya yo kohereza amavuta mu miyoboro ya roller chain igomba kongera ubushobozi bwo kumenya uko amavuta ahagaze mu gihe cy’itangira ry’imikorere. Ibi biterwa nuko mu gihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho, ubufatanye hagati y’ibice bitandukanye by’umuyoboro wa roller butaragera ku rwego rwiza, ubukana bunini, kandi ikoreshwa ry’amavuta naryo ririhuta. Mu kongera inshuro zo kuyamenya, ibibazo byo kuyashyira mu miyoboro bishobora kuboneka no gukemurwa mu gihe, bigafasha umuyoboro wa roller kunyura neza mu gihe cyo kuyashyira mu miyoboro no kongera igihe cyo kuyakoresha. Urugero, muri sisitemu nshya yo kohereza amavuta mu miyoboro ya moto, ni byiza kugenzura uko amavuta ahagaze mu muyoboro wa roller chain buri kilometero 100 mu kilometero 500 za mbere, no gukora impinduka zikwiye zo kuyashyira mu miyoboro hakurikijwe imiterere nyayo.

5. Hitamo amavuta akwiye yo gutekesha urunigi rw'imizingo

Ubwoko bw'amavuta yo kwisiga
Amavuta yo gusiga: Amavuta yo gusiga ni amavuta asanzwe yo mu mugozi w'uruhererekane rw'imizingo afite ubushobozi bwo kugenda neza no gusiga neza. Dukurikije amavuta atandukanye y'ibanze, amavuta yo gusiga ashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: amavuta y'ubutare n'amavuta y'ubukorikori. Amavuta y'ubutare arahendutse kandi akwiriye gusiga neza imigozi y'uruhererekane rw'imizingo mu gihe cy'akazi rusange; amavuta y'ubukorikori afite ubushobozi bwo kudahinduka cyane mu bushyuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe buke kandi arwanya ogisijeni, kandi akwiriye gusiga neza imigozi y'imizingo mu gihe cy'akazi gakomeye nko mu bushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi n'umutwaro munini. Urugero, muri sisitemu yo kohereza igihe cy'imigozi y'imodoka, amavuta y'ubukorikori akora neza cyane akoreshwa kugira ngo umugozi ukomeze gukora neza mu gihe kirekire mu bushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi.

Amavuta: Amavuta ni amavuta akomeye agizwe n'amavuta y'ibanze, amavuta agabanya ubushyuhe n'ibindi birungo. Ugereranyije n'amavuta yo gusiga, amavuta afite ubushobozi bwo gufata no gufunga neza, ashobora gukora agapira gakomeye ko gusiga ku buso bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko, akarinda neza kwinjira kw'imyanda nk'ubushuhe n'umukungugu, kandi akwiriye gusiga amavuta mu muvuduko muto, umutwaro uremereye n'ubushuhe mu gihe cy'akazi gake. Urugero, muri sisitemu yo kohereza umunyururu w'umuzunguruko w'imashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro, bitewe n'ahantu hakorerwa cyane n'umukungugu mwinshi, gukoresha amavuta mu gusiga amavuta bishobora kurinda umunyururu w'umuzunguruko neza no kongera igihe cyo kuwukora.

Ibipimo by'imikorere y'amavuta
Ubucucike: Ubucucike ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi by'imikorere y'amavuta, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bucucike n'ingaruka z'amavuta hagati y'ibice bitandukanye by'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko. Ku minyururu y'umuzunguruko wihuta cyane, amavuta afite ubucucike buke agomba gutoranywa kugira ngo agabanye ubucucike bw'amavuta kandi agabanye igihombo cy'ingufu; ku minyururu y'umuzunguruko wihuta cyane n'uremereye, amavuta afite ubucucike bwinshi agomba gutoranywa kugira ngo amavuta akore icyuma gipima amavuta gihagije hagati y'ubuso bw'aho ahurira kandi gitware neza umutwaro munini. Urugero, muri sisitemu yo kohereza amavuta y'umuzunguruko w'amagare yihuta cyane, amavuta afite ubucucike buke akoreshwa kugira ngo amavuta ashobore kugera vuba ahantu hose iyo umunyururu urimo gukora ku muvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo agabanye ubucucike; mu gihe muri sisitemu yo kohereza amavuta y'umuzunguruko w'umuzunguruko w'uburyo bwo kuzamura icyuma, amavuta afite ubucucike bwinshi arakenewe kugira ngo yuzuze ibisabwa mu bucucike mu gihe cy'imitwaro iremereye.

Kurwanya ogisijeni: Mu gihe cy'imikorere y'umuyoboro w'ingufu, amavuta azakorwaho n'ibintu nk'ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, no gukururana, kandi biroroshye kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo gutwika, bigatuma imikorere y'amavuta igabanuka kandi hakavuka ibintu byangiza nk'imyanda na karuboni. Kubwibyo, kurwanya ogisijeni neza ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi by'amavuta yo mu muyoboro w'ingufu. Amavuta afite imiterere myiza yo kurwanya ogisijeni ashobora kugumana imiterere yayo ya shimi igihe kirekire, yongere igihe cyo gukora amavuta, kandi akagabanya umubare w'ibikoresho byo kubungabunga. Urugero, muri sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zo mu nganda zitwara imiyoboro y'ingufu mu bushyuhe bwinshi, gukoresha amavuta y'ubukorikori afite imiterere myiza yo kurwanya ogisijeni bishobora gukumira ogisijeni vuba no kwangirika mu bushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma imikorere y'umuyoboro w'ingufu ihoraho.

Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi: Ku bijyanye na sisitemu zo kohereza iminyururu mu bidukikije bitose cyangwa mu mazi menshi, ubushobozi bwo kohereza iminyururu mu mazi ni ingenzi cyane. Amavuta afite ubushobozi bwo kohereza iminyururu mu mazi ashobora gukomeza kuba meza mu gihe ahuye n'amazi, kandi ntabwo yoroshye kuyatwara n'amazi, bigatuma amazi atinjira mu munyururu w'iminyururu ngo atere ingese n'umugese. Urugero, muri sisitemu yo kohereza iminyururu mu byuma bitwara ubwato, bitewe n'igihe kirekire bihura n'ikirere gitose mu nyanja, amavuta afite ubushobozi bwo kohereza iminyururu mu mazi agomba gukoreshwa mu gusiga kugira ngo umunyururu w'iminyururu ukomeze gukora neza mu bidukikije bikomeye.

VI. Uburyo n'intambwe zo gusiga amavuta ku mugozi w'urunigi

Gutegura mbere yo kwisiga amavuta
Gusukura umunyururu: Mbere yo gusiga amavuta ku munyururu, ugomba kubanza gusukura neza umunyururu. Koresha isabune zikwiye, nka peteroli, mazutu cyangwa imashini zisukura iminyururu zidasanzwe, kugira ngo ukureho imyanda nka amavuta, umukungugu, uduce tw'icyuma, nibindi ku buso bw'umunyururu. Mu gusukura, ushobora gukoresha uburoso bworoshye cyangwa igitambaro cyoroshye kugira ngo ushyiremo isabune hanyuma uhanagure buhoro buhoro ibice byose by'umunyururu kugira ngo urebe neza ko nta mwanda usigaye ku buso bw'iminyururu, amasahani y'iminyururu, amaboko n'udupira. Nyuma yo gusukura, hanagura isabune ku buso bw'umunyururu ukoresheje igitambaro gisukuye, hanyuma ureke umunyururu wumuke mu buryo busanzwe cyangwa uwuhumeke ukoresheje umwuka ufunze kugira ngo wirinde ko ubushuhe busigara ku buso bw'umunyururu kandi bugire ingaruka ku ngaruka zo gusiga amavuta.

Reba uko umunyururu umeze: Mu gihe usukura umunyururu, reba witonze niba warangiritse, waracitse, kandi niba hari imiyoboro, wacitsemo ibice n'ibindi byangiritse by'umunyururu. Iyo umunyururu ugaragaye ko warangiritse cyane cyangwa wangiritse, ugomba gusimbuzwa umunyururu mushya ku gihe kugira ngo hirindwe impanuka z'umutekano nko kwangirika k'umunyururu mu gihe cyo gukomeza gukoreshwa nyuma yo gusiga amavuta. Ku minyururu yashaje gato, ishobora gukomeza gukoreshwa nyuma yo gusiga amavuta, ariko igenzura rya buri munsi n'isukura bigomba kongerwa, kandi icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'umunyururu kigomba gukurikiranirwa hafi.
Kuzuza amavuta yo kwisiga
Kuzuza amavuta yo kwisiga: Ku buryo bwo kohereza amavuta yo kwisiga hakoreshejwe amavuta yo kwisiga, imbunda z'amavuta, inkono z'amavuta cyangwa ibikoresho byo kwisiga byikora bishobora gukoreshwa mu kuzuza amavuta yo kwisiga mu ngingo zitandukanye zo kwisiga z'umunyururu. Mu kuzuza amavuta yo kwisiga, menya neza ko amavuta yo kwisiga ashobora gushyirwa ku buso bungana bw'ibice nk'udupira, ibyuma by'iminyururu, amaboko n'udupira. Muri rusange, ingano y'amavuta yo kwisiga yongewemo igomba kugenzurwa ku buryo umunyururu ushobora kwisiga amavuta yo kwisiga ariko ntabwo ari ku rugero rw'uko amavuta yo kwisiga arenze urugero. Amavuta yo kwisiga menshi cyane ntabwo azatera imyanda gusa, ahubwo ashobora no kongera imbaraga zo kwivanga no kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibikoresho. Urugero, mu nzira yo kwisiga amavuta yo kwisiga ya moto, imbunda yo kwisiga ikoreshwa mu gushyira amavuta yo kwisiga mu cyuho kiri hagati y'udupira n'udupira tw'umunyururu kugeza igihe amavuta yo kwisiga arenze gato uvuye ku rundi ruhande rw'umunyururu.
Gushyira amavuta: Ku buryo bwo kohereza amavuta mu miyoboro y'uruhererekane rw'imizingo busizwe amavuta, imbunda y'amavuta ishobora gukoreshwa mu gushyira amavuta mu ngingo z'amavuta yo mu muyoboro. Mu gihe cyo kuzuza amavuta, ni ngombwa kumenya ko ingano y'amavuta yuzuzwa idakwiye kuba myinshi cyane. Muri rusange, 1/3 - 1/2 cy'umwanya w'imbere w'umuyoboro ishobora kuzuzwa. Amavuta menshi yongera imbaraga zo kwirinda kugenda kw'umuyoboro kandi bigatuma ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho bwiyongera. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n'uko amavuta adakora neza, mu gihe cyo kuzuza amavuta, hagomba gukorwa ibishoboka byose kugira ngo amavuta yuzuzwa neza mu cyuho kiri hagati y'imiyoboro, plaque z'imiyoboro, amaboko n'udupira kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro mwiza wo gusiga amavuta. Urugero, mu gihe cyo gushyira amavuta mu muyoboro w'imizingo y'imizingo y'imizingo, koresha imbunda y'amavuta kugira ngo ushyire amavuta buhoro buhoro muri buri ngingo y'amavuta yo gusiga kugeza igihe amavuta akuye gato mu cyuho cy'umuyoboro, bigaragaza ko amavuta yuzuzwa neza mu muyoboro.

Igenzura n'ivugurura nyuma yo gusiga amavuta
Reba ingaruka zo gusiga amavuta: Nyuma yo kurangiza gusiga amavuta ku mugozi w'urunigi, tangira ibikoresho byo gukora igerageza, urebe uko umugozi w'urunigi uhagaze, kandi urebe niba ingaruka zo gusiga amavuta ari nziza. Mu gihe cy'igerageza, witondere gukurikirana ijwi ry'urunigi rw'urunigi, urebe impinduka z'ubushyuhe bw'umugozi, kandi niba hari amavuta yo gusiga cyangwa amavuta asohoka. Iyo bigaragaye ko umugozi w'urunigi ugifite urusaku rudasanzwe, ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa amavuta asohoka, ibikoresho bigomba guhagarara ako kanya, kuzuza amavuta no gufunga sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta bigomba kugenzurwa, kandi hakorwe impinduka n'uburyo bwo kuvura ku gihe.
Hindura uruziga rwo gusiga amavuta: Dukurikije ingaruka zo gusiga amavuta mu gihe cy'igerageza n'imiterere nyayo y'ibikoresho, uruziga rwo gusiga amavuta rugomba guhindurwa neza. Niba uruziga rw'umugozi rugaragaje ibimenyetso byo gusiga amavuta bidahagije mu gihe gito, bivuze ko uruziga rwo gusiga amavuta ari rurerure cyane kandi rugomba kugabanywa; ahubwo, niba uruziga rw'umugozi rugumye mu ruziga rwiza igihe kirekire, bivuze ko uruziga rwo gusiga amavuta rushobora kongerwa uko bikwiye. Mu guhindura uruziga rwo gusiga amavuta mu buryo bukwiye, ntibishobora kwemeza gusa ko uruziga rw'umugozi ruhora mu ruhu rwiza, ahubwo binagabanya neza ikoreshwa ry'amavuta n'ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho.

VII. Amabwiriza yo kwirinda amavuta yo gusiga umugozi w'urushundura

Irinde kuvanga amavuta atandukanye: Mu gihe usiga amavuta ku mugozi, irinde kuvanga amavuta y’ubwoko butandukanye, ubwoko cyangwa ibimenyetso by’imikorere. Imiterere ya shimi n’imikorere y’amavuta atandukanye bishobora gutandukana cyane. Kuvanga bishobora gutera ingaruka za shimi hagati y’amavuta, bigatera umwuka mubi cyangwa ibintu bya colloidal, bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka za shimi, ndetse bigatera ingese no kwangirika k’umugozi. Kubwibyo, mu gihe usimbura amavuta, amavuta ashaje agomba gusukurwa neza mbere yo kongeramo amavuta mashya.

Kurinda imyanda kwinjira muri sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta: Gufunga sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta mu muyoboro w'imashini ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ikomeze kugira ingaruka nziza zo gusiga amavuta. Mu gihe cyo gusiga amavuta, menya neza ko aho amavuta ashyirwa n'aho ashyirwa mu muyoboro w'imashini yo gusiga amavuta ari hose kugira ngo hirindwe ko ivumbi, ubushuhe, uduce tw'icyuma n'indi myanda yinjira muri sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta. Iyo imyanda yinjiye muri sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta, izavanga n'amavuta, igabanye imikorere y'amavuta, kandi yongere ubukana n'ubusaze hagati y'ibice bitandukanye by'umuyoboro w'imashini. Kubwibyo, mu kubungabunga buri munsi, ni ngombwa kugenzura buri gihe uko sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta ifunga, gusimbuza uduce twangiritse ku gihe, no kugumana sisitemu yo gusiga isukuye kandi ifunze.

Witondere uburyo amavuta abikwa n’uburyo abikwa: Uburyo amavuta abikwa n’uburyo abikwamo bizagira ingaruka ku mikorere n’igihe akoreshwa. Amavuta n’amavuta ashyirwamo amavuta bigomba kubikwa ahantu hakonje, humutse, kandi hafite umwuka mwiza, birinda izuba ryinshi n’ubushyuhe bwinshi. Muri icyo gihe, menya neza ko agakoresho k’amavuta gafunze neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushuhe n’umwanda byinjira. Mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha, amavuta agomba gukoreshwa hakurikijwe ihame ryo gutangira gukoreshwa mbere kugira ngo amavuta abikwa igihe kirekire kandi ashire cyangwa ashire. Byongeye kandi, ubwoko butandukanye bw’amavuta bugomba kubikwa ukwabwo kugira ngo hirindwe urujijo no gukoreshwa nabi.

Mu kumenya neza uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru n'ingingo z'ingenzi zo kumenya niba umuyoboro w'ingufu ukeneye amavuta, ndetse no guhitamo amavuta mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwiza bwo gusiga amavuta n'ingamba zo kwirinda, imikorere isanzwe y'umuyoboro w'ingufu ishobora kwemezwa neza, igihe cyo kuyikoresha gishobora kongerwa, kandi ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho bushobora kunozwa. Mu mikoreshereze ifatika, hagomba gutegurwa gahunda ya siyansi kandi ikwiye yo kubungabunga amavuta y'ingufu hakurikijwe imiterere yihariye n'imiterere y'imikorere y'ibikoresho, kandi hagakorwa igenzura n'isukura buri gihe kugira ngo umuyoboro w'ingufu uhore uri mu mimerere myiza yo gusiga amavuta, bigatanga icyizere gikomeye cy'imikorere ihamye y'ibikoresho.