Ni gute wakora icyuma cyo gusudira kugira ngo ugabanye imihindagurikire y'iminyururu?

Ni gute wakora icyuma cyo gusudira kugira ngo ugabanye imihindagurikire y'iminyururu?

Mu gukora iminyururu izunguruka, gusudira ni inzira y'ingenzi yo guhuza iminyururu no kwemeza ko iminyururu ikomeye. Ariko, guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gusudira akenshi biba ikibazo gihoraho, bigira ingaruka ku buziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa n'imikorere yabyo.iminyururu y'ibizingobishobora kugaragaza ibibazo nko guhindagurika kw'imirongo, ubugari butaringaniye, no guhagarara k'umunyururu udahuye. Ibi bibazo ntibigabanya gusa ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa ahubwo binatuma byangirika, bigabanya igihe cyo gukora, ndetse bikanatera kwangirika kw'ibikoresho. Nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo kugenzura imihindagurikire y'imirongo, igishushanyo cy'ibikoresho byo gusudira kigena neza ubwiza bw'imirongo yo gusudira. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma impamvu nyamukuru zitera imihindagurikire y'imirongo yo gusudira kandi isobanure neza uburyo bwo kugenzura imihindagurikire y'imirongo binyuze mu gushushanya ibikoresho bya siyansi, itanga ibisubizo bya tekiniki ku bakora mu nganda.

Ubwa mbere, sobanukirwa: Ni iyihe mpamvu nyamukuru itera guhinduka kw'imigozi yo gusudira imigozi?

Mbere yo gushushanya ikintu gikoreshwa mu gushushanya, tugomba kubanza gusobanukirwa impamvu nyamukuru itera guhinduka kw'imigozi yo gushonga—kurekura stress biterwa no kwinjira mu bushyuhe butaringaniye no kudakora neza. Imigozi yo gushonga isanzwe igizwe n'ibice by'imbere n'iby'inyuma, imigozi, n'ibice by'imbere. Mu gihe cyo gusudira, gushyushya ahantu runaka bikoreshwa cyane cyane ku isano iri hagati y'ibice by'imbere, imigozi, n'ibice by'inyuma. Impamvu nyamukuru zitera guhinduka muri iki gikorwa zishobora kuvugwa muri make ku buryo bukurikira:

Ikwirakwizwa ry’ubushyuhe ritaringaniye: Ubushyuhe bwinshi buterwa n’icyuma gishyushya butuma icyuma gikwirakwira vuba mu gace runaka, mu gihe ahantu hadashyushye, bitewe n’ubushyuhe bwacyo buke no gukomera kwacyo, bikora nk'imbogamizi, bikabuza icyuma gishyushye kwaguka neza no gutera imbaraga zikabije. Mu gihe cyo gukonjesha, icyuma gishyushye kiragabanuka, ibyo bikaba byabangamira uturere tugikikije, bigatuma habaho imbaraga zidasanzwe. Iyo imbaraga zirenze aho ibikoresho bikura, habaho impinduka zihoraho, nko gufungana no gufungana nabi.

Ubuziranenge buke mu gushyira ibice: Ubunini bw'umunyururu n'ubugari bw'imiyoboro ni ibimenyetso by'ingenzi byerekana ubuziranenge. Niba aho ibice biherereye mu gikoresho bitarasobanuka neza mbere yo gusudira kandi imbaraga zo gufunga zidahamye, ibice bishobora kwangirika bitewe n'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gusudira, bigatuma imiyoboro ihindagurika kandi igahindagurika. Kudahuza neza hagati y'uburyo bwo gusudira n'uburyo bwo gufunga: Uburyo bwo gusudira budakwiye bushobora gutuma ubushyuhe bwiyongera mu gikoresho, bigateza imihindagurikire y'ahantu runaka. Iyo igikoresho kidatanga imbogamizi zishingiye ku buryo bwo gusudira, guhinduka kw'imiyoboro birushaho kwiyongera.

Icya kabiri, amahame y'ingenzi yo gushushanya ibikoresho byo gusudira: gushyiraho neza, gufunga neza, no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu buryo bworoshye.

Bitewe n'imiterere y'iminyururu izunguruka (ibice byinshi n'amasahani y'iminyururu yoroshye kandi yoroshye kwangirika) hamwe n'ibisabwa mu gusudira, igishushanyo mbonera cy'iminyururu kigomba gukurikiza amahame atatu y'ingenzi kugira ngo hagenzurwe imihindagurikire y'iminyururu aho ituruka:

1. Ihame ry’Unified Datum: Gukoresha Ibipimo by’Uburinganire bw’Ishingiro nk’Imbonerahamwe y’Imyanya

Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gushyiramo iminyururu izunguruka ni ukumenya neza aho inyura no guhuza plaque y'umunyururu, bityo igishushanyo mbonera cy'aho inyura kigomba kwibanda kuri ibi bimenyetso bibiri. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyiramo "plaque imwe, pin ebyiri" burasabwa: ubuso burambuye bw'umunyururu bukora nk'ubuso bw'ibanze bwo gushyiramo (bugabanya dogere eshatu z'ubwisanzure), n'udupira tubiri two gushyiramo, duhuye n'utwenge tw'udupira (bugabanya dogere ebyiri n'imwe z'ubwisanzure, uko bikurikirana), kugira ngo hagerwe ku buryo bwuzuye. Udupira two gushyiramo tugomba kuba dukozwe mu cyuma kidasharira (nka Cr12MoV) kandi tugashiraho (ubukomere ≥ HRC58) kugira ngo hamenyekane ko uburyo bwo gushyiramo bukomeza kuba bwiza nubwo byamara igihe kirekire gukoreshwa. Icyuho kiri hagati y'udupira two gushyiramo n'utwenge tw'udupira tw'umunyururu kigomba kuba kiri hagati ya mm 0.02-0.05 kugira ngo byorohereze gufata no gukumira ko ibice bigenda mu gihe cyo gusudira.

2. Ihame ryo Guhuza Imbaraga zo Gufunga: "Birahagije kandi Ntibyangiza"

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imbaraga zo gufunga ni ingenzi cyane mu kuringaniza uburyo bwo gukumira no gukumira kwangirika kw'ibintu. Imbaraga nyinshi zo gufunga zishobora gutera kwangirika kwa pulasitiki ku gice cy'umunyururu, mu gihe nke cyane zishobora kubangamira imbaraga zo gusudira. Ibi bikurikira bigomba kubahirizwa mu gishushanyo mbonera:

Aho gufunga bigomba gushyirwa neza: hafi y'agace ko gusudira (≤mm 20 uvuye aho gusudira) kandi bigashyirwa ahantu hakomeye h'agace k'umunyururu (nk'aho hafi y'inkombe y'umwobo w'ipine) kugira ngo hirindwe ko imbaraga zo gufunga zikora hagati y'agace k'umunyururu. Imbaraga zo Gufunga Zishobora Guhindurwa: Hitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gufunga hashingiwe ku bunini bw'umunyururu (ubusanzwe 3-8mm) n'ibikoresho (akenshi ni ibyuma by'imiterere nka 20Mn na 40MnB). Ubu buryo burimo gufunga hakoreshejwe umwuka (bikwiriye gukorwa mu bwinshi, hamwe n'imbaraga zo gufunga zishobora guhindurwa binyuze mu gikoresho kigenzura umuvuduko, kuva kuri 5-15N) cyangwa gufunga vis (bikwiriye guhindurwa mu buryo buciriritse, hamwe n'imbaraga zo gufunga zihamye).
Uburyo bwo gufunga buhindagurika: Gasket ya polyurethane (ubugari bwa mm 2-3) ishyirwa ku gice cyo guhuriraho kiri hagati y’igice cyo gufungaho n’umunyururu. Ibi byongera ukubiri mu gihe bibuza igice cyo gufungaho kwinjira cyangwa gushwanyaguza ubuso bw’umunyururu.

3. Ihame ry'ubufatanye mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe: Guhuza ubushyuhe hagati y'igipfunyika n'uburyo bwo gusudira

Guhinduka kw'ubushyuhe biterwa ahanini no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu buryo budahuje. Kubwibyo, agakingirizo kagomba gutanga uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bw'inyongera, kagabanye ubushyuhe binyuze mu buryo bubiri bwo "gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu buryo budasanzwe no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu buryo budasanzwe." Ku gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu buryo budasanzwe, igice cy'icyuma kigomba kuba gikozwe mu bikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, nka aluminiyumu (gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu buryo buciriritse 202W/(m・K)) cyangwa aluminiyumu y'umuringa (gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu buryo buciriritse 380W/(m・K)), bisimbura icyuma gisanzwe (gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu buryo busanzwe 45W/(m・K)). Ibi byihutisha uburyo ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu gace gasudira. Ku gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu buryo busanzwe, imiyoboro y'amazi akonjesha ishobora gushushanywa hafi y'aho igikoresho gisudira, kandi amazi akonjesha azenguruka (ubushyuhe bw'amazi bugenzurwa kuri 20-25°C) ashobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo akureho ubushyuhe bwo mu gace binyuze mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, bigatuma igikoresho gikonjesha gihinduka kimwe.

Icya gatatu, Ingamba z'ingenzi n'ibisobanuro birambuye mu gushushanya ibyuma kugira ngo bigabanye ihindagurika ry'iminyururu

Dushingiye ku mahame yavuzwe haruguru, tugomba kwibanda ku miterere n'imikorere byihariye. Ingamba enye zikurikira zishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu musaruro nyakuri:

1. Imiterere y'aho ushyira modular: Ishobora guhuzwa n'ibipimo byinshi by'iminyururu, igenzura ko aho ushyira hahoraho

Iminyururu ya roller iza mu buryo butandukanye (urugero: 08A, 10A, 12A, nibindi, ifite imivuduko iri hagati ya mm 12.7 na mm 19.05). Gushushanya igikoresho gitandukanye kuri buri gipimo byakongera ikiguzi n'igihe cyo guhindura. Turasaba ikoreshwa ry'ibice byo gushyiramo modular: Iminyururu na za blocks byagenewe gusimburwa no guhuzwa n'ishingiro ry'umuvuduko binyuze mu ma bolt. Mu gihe uhindura ibipimo, kuraho igice gishaje cyo gushyiramo hanyuma ushyireho gishya gifite umuvuduko ujyanye, bigabanye igihe cyo guhinduramo kugeza ku minota 5. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y'ibice byose bya modular igomba guhuza n'ubuso bw'imivuduko bw'ishingiro ry'umuvuduko kugira ngo hamenyekane neza uburyo iminyururu ya roller ifite ibipimo bitandukanye ishyirwamo.

2. Igishushanyo cy'inzitizi zishingiye ku buryo bungana: Gukuraho "imikoranire" y'imbaraga zo gusudira

Gusudira iminyururu akenshi bikubiyemo imiterere ingana (urugero, gusudira umugozi ku ipine y'iminyururu ibiri icyarimwe). Kubwibyo, igikoresho kigomba gukoresha imiterere ingana kugira ngo kigabanye impinduka binyuze mu gukuraho imivurungano. Urugero, mu gihe cyo gusudira ipine y'iminyururu ibiri n'ipine, igikoresho kigomba gushyirwa mu buryo bungana hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gufunga ku mpande zombi z'umugozi kugira ngo habeho uburyo buhamye bwo gusunikira ubushyuhe n'imbaraga zo gukumira. Byongeye kandi, icyuma cy'inyongera gishobora gushyirwa hagati y'umugozi, kigahuzwa n'umurongo w'ipine y'iminyururu, kugira ngo kigabanye umuvurungano wo gupfunyika hagati mu gihe cyo gusudira. Amakuru afatika agaragaza ko igishushanyo mbonera cy'iminyururu ingana gishobora kugabanya kunyurana kw'iminyururu ku kigero cya 30%-40%.

3. Gukurikirana Gushyiramo Ingufu: Guhuza n'Ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gusudira

Mu gihe cyo gusudira, igikoresho gihinduka buhoro buhoro bitewe no kwaguka no guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe. Uburyo bwo gufunga buhamye bushobora gutera ubwinshi bw'imihangayiko. Kubwibyo, igikoresho gishobora gutegurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gufunga bukoresha imbaraga: sensor yo gufunga (nk'icyuma gipima imiyoboro ya laser ifite ubuziranenge bwa 0.001mm) ikurikirana impinduka za plate y'umunyururu mu gihe nyacyo, yohereza ikimenyetso kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura PLC. Hanyuma moteri ya servo itwara bloki yo gufunga kugira ngo ihindurwemo ibintu bito (hamwe n'urwego rwo gukosora rwa 0-0.5mm) kugira ngo ikomeze imbaraga zikwiye zo gufunga. Iyi miterere ikwiriye cyane cyane iminyururu y'iminyururu ifite uburebure bwa ≥ 6mm, ikarinda neza gucika kw'iminyururu guterwa no guhinduka kw'ubushyuhe.

4. Gutegura no kwirinda gushora imari mu byuma bisukura: Bituma inzira yo gusudira igenda neza kandi bigabanya ahantu habangamiwe n'ubushyuhe
Mu gihe cyo gusudira, uburyo imbunda ikoresha imbunda ikora neza bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bwiza bw'imbunda ndetse n'uburyo ubushyuhe bushyirwamo. Imbunda igomba gushyirwaho umuyoboro wo kwirinda imbunda ikoresha imbunda ikoresha imbunda ikoresha imbunda. Umuyoboro wo kwirinda ufite ishusho ya U (ubugari bwa mm 2-3 ugereranije n'umuyoboro wo gusudira n'ubujyakuzimu bwa mm 5-8) ugomba gukorwa hafi y'umuyoboro wo gusudira kugira ngo hirindwe ko imbunda ikoresha imbunda ikoresha imbunda ikoresha imbunda ikoresha imbunda ikoresha imbunda ikoresha imbunda ikoresha imbunda ikoresha imbunda. Byongeye kandi, hagomba gushyirwaho uruzitiro ruyobora hejuru y'umuyoboro kugira ngo imbunda ikoresha ...mbunda ikoresha imbunda imbunda ikoresha imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda imbunda i

Icya kane, Gutunganya no Kugenzura Imiterere: Igenzura ry’Imiterere Ifunze kuva ku Gishushanyo mbonera kugeza ku Ishyirwa mu Bikorwa

Igishushanyo cyiza gisaba kunoza no kugenzura mbere yuko gishyirwa mu bikorwa by'ukuri. Intambwe eshatu zikurikira zishobora kwemeza ko igikoresho gikoreshwa kandi ko ari icy'ukuri:

1. Isesengura rya Finite Element Simulation: Guhanura Guhinduka no Kunoza Imiterere

Mbere yo gukora ibikoresho, gukora isuzuma ry’ubushyuhe n’imiterere y’ibikoresho bihuza amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe porogaramu ya finite element nka ANSYS na ABAQUS. Gushyiramo ibipimo by’ibikoresho bya roller chain (nk’ubushyuhe bwo kwagura amashanyarazi na elastic modulus) n’ibipimo by’imikorere yo gusudira (nk’ubushyuhe bwo gusudira bwa 180-220A na voltage ya 22-26V) byigana ubushyuhe n’imikoreshereze y’imbaraga mu bikoresho no mu gikoresho cyo gusudira, bigahanura ahantu hashobora guhinduka. Urugero, niba isuzuma ryerekana ko hagati mu gice cy’umunyururu hahindukamo impinduka nyinshi, inkunga y’inyongera ishobora kongerwaho aho bihurira n’ibikoresho. Niba stress ibaye ku gice cyo gushakisha, pin ya fillet ishobora kunozwa (R2-R3 niyo isabwa). Gutunganya isuzuma ry’ibikoresho bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kugerageza no gukora amakosa y’ibikoresho no kugabanya uruziga rwo kubaka.

2. Isuzuma ry'igerageza ryo gusudira: Isuzuma ry'itsinda rito n'impinduka zisubiramo

Nyuma yo gukora ibikoresho, kora igenzura rya "small-batch trial weld verification" (bisabwa: ibice 50-100). Ibande ku bimenyetso bikurikira:

Ubunyangamugayo: Koresha mikorosikopi y'igikoresho cy'isi yose kugira ngo upime intera y'umuvuduko (igomba kuba ≤0.1mm) n'uburyo bwo gupima plaque y'uruhererekane (igomba kuba ≤0.05mm);

Guhindura imiterere: Koresha imashini ipima ibintu bitandukanye kugira ngo urebe uko plate y'umunyururu ihagaze hanyuma ugereranye uko imiterere y'imiterere y'icyuma imeze mbere na nyuma yo gusudira;

Gukomera: Nyuma yo gusudira ibice 20 ubudasiba, reba aho ibikoresho biherereye n'udupira two gufunga biherereye kugira ngo urebe niba imbaraga zo gufunga zihamye.

Hashingiwe ku bisubizo byavuye mu igerageza ryo gusudira, hakorwa impinduka zisubiramo kuri icyo gikoresho, nko guhindura imbaraga zo gufunga no kunoza aho umuyoboro ukonjesha uherereye, kugeza igihe cyujuje ibisabwa mu gukora ibintu byinshi.

3. Gutunganya no Gupima buri munsi: Kwemeza ko ibintu bihoraho kandi bitunganye

Nyuma y'uko igikoresho gitangiye gukora, hagomba gushyirwaho uburyo buhoraho bwo kubungabunga no gupima:

Kubungabunga buri munsi: Sukura ibishishwa byo gusudira n'ibisigazwa by'amavuta ku buso bw'ibikoresho, kandi urebe niba hari aho amazi ava mu byuma bifunga by'umwuka/amazi.

Gupima buri cyumweru: Koresha ibipimo by'igipimo n'ibimenyetso byo gupima kugira ngo ugenzure neza aho pin ziherereye. Niba aho ziherereye harenze 0.03mm, zihindure cyangwa uzisimbuze vuba.

Igenzura rya buri kwezi: Reba imiyoboro y'amazi akonjesha niba nta migozi ifite, usimbuze gasket za polyurethane zashaje kandi umenye aho ibice biherereye.

Binyuze mu kubungabunga ibintu bisanzwe, igihe cyo kubaho cy'igikoresho gishobora kongerwa (ubusanzwe kugeza ku myaka 3-5), bigatuma habaho kugenzura neza imiterere y'ikintu mu gihe kirekire.

Icya gatanu, Inyigo: Uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere y'ibikoresho muri sosiyete ikora imashini zikomeye

Uruganda rukora iminyururu ikomeye (ikoreshwa mu mashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro) rwari rufite ibibazo byo kwangirika gukabije (≥0.3mm) mu minyururu nyuma yo gusudira, bigatuma igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa kigera kuri 75% gusa. Binyuze mu kunoza ibi bikurikira, igipimo cyo gutsinda cyariyongereye kigera kuri 98%:

Kuvugurura aho ibintu biherereye: Agapira ko gushyiramo agapira kamwe k’umwimerere kasimbuwe na sisitemu yo gushyiramo agapira gafite "double pin + flat surface", bigabanya aho ibintu biherereye kugeza kuri 0.03mm kandi bigakemura ikibazo cyo gufunga ibice;

Gutunganya uburyo ubushyuhe bukwirakwira: Igice cy'ibikoresho gikozwe mu cyuma cy'umuringa kandi gifite imiyoboro ikonjesha, byongera umuvuduko wo gukonjesha mu gace gasudiraho ubushyuhe ku kigero cya 40%;

Gufunga bihindagurika: Hashyizweho uburyo bwo gupima no gufunga servo kugira ngo hakosorwe imbaraga zo gufunga mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo hirindwe kwinshi mu muvuduko;

Imipaka ishingiye ku buryo bungana: Ibikoresho byo gufunga bihuje n'uburyo bungana n'ibikoresho byo gushyigikira bishyirwa ku mpande zombi z'umunyururu kugira ngo bihuze n'ubushyuhe bwo gusudira.

Nyuma yo kunoza, ihinduka ry'umunyururu w'umuzingo rigenzurwa muri 0.05mm, kandi ihinduka ry'umunyururu ni ≤0.1mm, byujuje ibisabwa n'umukiriya mu buryo bunonosoye.

Umwanzuro: Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibikoresho ni "umurongo wa mbere w'uburinzi" ku bwiza bw'ubucukuzi bw'iminyururu.

Kugabanya impinduka mu mikorere y’imigozi yo gusudira si ikibazo cyo kunoza intambwe imwe, ahubwo ni inzira ihamye ikubiyemo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya wabyo, kubifunga, kubisesagura, kubitunganya no kubibungabunga, aho igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibikoresho byo gusudira ari cyo gice cy’ingenzi. Kuva ku miterere y’imiterere y’imikoreshereze ihuriweho, kugeza ku kugenzura imbaraga zo gufunga, kugeza ku miterere yoroshye yo gukurikirana ibintu mu buryo buhindagurika, buri kantu kose bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo guhinduka kw’imikoreshereze y ...