Uburyo bwo guhitamo umunyururu w'icyuma kidashonga ukwiriye imitwaro ihindagurika

Uburyo bwo guhitamo umunyururu w'icyuma kidashonga ukwiriye imitwaro ihindagurika
Iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugesezikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu zo kohereza no gutwara ibintu mu buryo bwa mekanike, cyane cyane mu bihe aho imizigo ihindagurika ikenewe. Imitwaro ihindagurika yerekeza ku mutwaro uhora uhinduka uterwa n'umuvuduko wa mekanike, ingaruka, impinduka z'umuvuduko n'ibindi bintu. Guhitamo umunyururu w'icyuma kitagira umugese ukwiriye imizigo ihindagurika ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibikoresho bikore neza kandi byongere igihe cyo kubikoresha. Iyi nkuru izavuga ku buryo burambuye ku buryo bwo guhitamo umunyururu w'icyuma kitagira umugese ukwiriye imizigo ihindagurika.

1. Ingaruka z'imizigo ihindagurika ku minyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese
Imitwaro ihindagurika izagira ingaruka nyinshi ku minyururu y'ibyuma bizingira. Ubwa mbere, imitwaro ihindagurika izangiza umunaniro w'umunyururu. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi no gukandamizwa, imiyoboro mito cyane izakwirakwira mu miterere y'icyuma cy'umunyururu, bishobora gutuma umunyururu ucika. Icya kabiri, imitwaro ihindagurika izongera imbaraga z'umunyururu. Kubera ko umunyururu uhora uhinduka mu gihe cyo kugenda, igitutu hagati yawo n'ibice nk'udupira nabyo bizahinduka uko bikwiye, bizihutisha kwangirika kw'iminyururu, imigozi n'ibindi bice, kandi bigabanye uburyo bwo kohereza no kumara igihe cy'umurimo w'umunyururu. Byongeye kandi, imitwaro ihindagurika ishobora no gutuma umunyururu uruhuka kandi ugakomeza kurekura, bigira ingaruka ku guhuza uburyo bwo kohereza no kudahungabana kw'imikorere y'ibikoresho.

2. Ibintu by'ingenzi mu guhitamo iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese ikwiriye imitwaro ihindagurika
(I) Isesengura ry'imiterere y'umutwaro
Mbere yo guhitamo umugozi w'icyuma kidashonga, ni ngombwa gukora isesengura ryimbitse ry'imiterere y'umutwaro w'ibikoresho. Ibi birimo ibintu nk'ingano y'umutwaro, inshuro zihinduka, icyerekezo, ndetse niba hari umutwaro w'ingaruka. Urugero, muri zimwe mu mashini zikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi, nubwo umutwaro ushobora kuba muto ugereranije, ibisabwa ku muvuduko w'umugozi ni byinshi bitewe n'impinduka nyinshi; mu gihe muri bimwe mu bikoresho biterura, nubwo inshuro zihinduka umutwaro ari nke, umutwaro ni munini kandi ushobora guherekezwa n'ingaruka, ibyo bikaba bisaba ko umugozi ugira imbaraga n'ubukomere bihagije.
(II) Guhitamo ibipimo by'uruhererekane
Ingufu: Ingufu ni intera iri hagati y’imigozi ibiri yegeranye y’umunyururu kandi ni ikintu cy’ingenzi ku munyururu. Mu bihe birimo imizigo minini, ubusanzwe hatoranywa ingufu nini, ishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w’umunyururu no kugabanya kwangirika kw’umunyururu. Ariko, ingufu ntigomba kuba nini cyane, bitabaye ibyo bizatuma habaho guhuza nabi hagati y’umunyururu n’umuyoboro, bigatuma urusaku n’urusaku byiyongera.
Umubare w'imirongo: Umubare w'imirongo yerekeza ku mubare w'imirongo y'amapine mu cyerekezo cy'ubugari bw'umunyururu. Iyo umutwaro uhindagurika ari munini, ushobora guhitamo umunyururu w'imirongo myinshi, ushobora gukwirakwiza umutwaro no kunoza ubushobozi bw'umunyururu bwo gutwara imizigo. Urugero, mu bikoresho bimwe na bimwe biremereye byo gutwara imizigo, iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira imigozi ibiri cyangwa itatu ikunze gukoreshwa.
Umurambararo n'ubugari bw'urukiramende: Umurambararo munini w'urukiramende n'ubugari bishobora kongera ubuso bw'aho urukiramende ruhurira n'urukiramende, bikagabanya umuvuduko w'aho ruhurira, bityo bikagabanya kwangirika no kwangirika kw'umunaniro. Muri icyo gihe, urukiramende runini rushobora kwihanganira imitwaro y'impanuka.
Umurambararo n'uburebure bya pin: Ipine ni kimwe mu bice by'ingenzi by'umunyururu, kandi umurambararo n'uburebure byayo bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mbaraga n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo by'umunyururu. Mu gihe cy'umutwaro uhindagurika, ipine ifite umurambararo munini n'uburebure bukwiye igomba gutoranywa kugira ngo imenye neza ko umunyururu wizewe kandi uramba.
(III) Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho n'ubushyuhe
Guhitamo ibikoresho: Ibikoresho by'iminyururu ya roller y'icyuma kidashonga cyane cyane ni ibyuma bya austenitic stainless nka 304 na 316. 304 stainless steel ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, gukomera no gukomera, kandi ikwiriye igihe cyose habayeho imitwaro ihindagurika; 316 stainless steel ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese kandi ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi kurusha 304 bitewe no kongeramo molybdenum, kandi ikwiriye igihe habayeho imitwaro ihindagurika mu bihe bikomeye nko mu mazi yo mu nyanja no mu nyanja ifite chloride nyinshi, ndetse n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, aside ikomeye na alkali ikomeye.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe: Uburyo bukwiye bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bushobora kunoza cyane imikorere y'umunyururu w'icyuma kidashonga. Urugero, gutunganya umuti bishobora kunoza imbaraga n'ubukomere bw'icyuma kidashonga cya austenitic, kugira ngo kibashe kwihanganira ingaruka z'imizigo ihindagurika; mu gihe uburyo bwo gusaza bushobora kunoza ubukana n'imbaraga z'umunyururu no kongera ubushobozi bwawo bwo kurwanya kwangirika kw'umunaniro.
(IV) Uburyo bwo gukora no kugenzura ubuziranenge
Uburyo bwo gukora: Uburyo bwo gukora bugezweho ni bwo shingiro ryo gukora umunyururu w’icyuma kitagira umugese mwiza. Urugero, amasahani y’iminyururu akorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusiga neza, gushushanya ibyuma n’izindi nzira afite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru n’imbaraga nyinshi; kandi uburyo bwo gutunganya neza iminyururu n’amapine bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buryo umunyururu ukomeza gukora neza no gutwara imizigo. Byongeye kandi, uburyo umunyururu uteranywa nabwo ni ingenzi cyane. Guteranya neza bishobora kwemeza ko ibice bitandukanye by’umunyururu bihura neza kandi bikagabanya kurekura no kwangirika mu gihe cyo gukora.
Kugenzura ubuziranenge: Sisitemu ikomeye yo kugenzura ubuziranenge ni ingenzi mu kwemeza ubuziranenge bw'iminyururu y'ibyuma bitarangwamo ifu. Mu gihe cyo gukora, ni ngombwa kugerageza imiterere y'imiti n'imiterere y'ibikoresho fatizo, no kugenzura neza ubuziranenge bw'ingano n'ubwiza bw'umunyururu. Muri icyo gihe, ibizamini by'imikorere nk'ibizamini byo kumara umunaniro n'ibizamini byo gukurura umunyururu nabyo bigomba gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe ko ibicuruzwa bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa ry'imizigo ihindagurika.
(V) Guhitamo ikirango n'abatanga ibicuruzwa
Kumenya ikirango: Guhitamo ikirango kizwi cyane cy’umunyururu w’ibyuma bitagira umugese bishobora gutuma habaho ubwiza n’ubufasha mu bya tekiniki. Urugero, Hangzhou Donghua Chain Group Co., Ltd., nk’ikigo kizwi cyane gikora iminyururu yo mu gihugu, ifite izina ryiza ku isoko kandi ikoreshwa cyane ku bicuruzwa byayo by’iminyururu y’ibyuma bitagira umugese. Amwe mu masosiyete mpuzamahanga azwi cyane nka Tsubaki na Renold na yo azwi cyane mu nganda kubera iminyururu y’ibyuma bitagira umugese myiza.
Izina ry'umutanga serivisi: Uretse ikirango, izina ry'umutanga serivisi n'ubushobozi bwe ni ibintu bigomba kwitabwaho. Umutanga serivisi wemewe ashobora gutanga ibicuruzwa ku gihe, hakurikijwe ubwiza n'ingano, kandi agasubiza ibyifuzo by'abakiriya ku gihe mu bijyanye na serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha no gukemura ibibazo bivuka mu gihe cyo gukoresha ibicuruzwa. Mu guhitamo umutanga serivisi, ushobora kugenzura ibitekerezo by'abakiriya be, imanza, n'uko atanga ubufasha bwa tekiniki, ubuyobozi bwo guhitamo n'izindi serivisi.
(VI) Igiciro n'uburyo ikiguzi gikoreshwa
Mu guhitamo umugozi w'icyuma gifunganye ukwiriye imitwaro ihindagurika, igiciro ni ikintu kidashobora kwirengagizwa. Ariko, igiciro ntikishobora kuba ishingiro ryonyine ryo gufata ibyemezo, ariko ibintu nk'imikorere y'ibicuruzwa, ubwiza, igihe serivisi imara na serivisi z'abatanga serivisi bigomba gusuzumwa neza kugira ngo byongere igiciro. Muri rusange, nubwo imigozi y'icyuma gifunganye ihenze cyane, imara igihe kirekire kandi yizewe cyane, ibi bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukoresha no kubungabunga ibikoresho mu gihe kirekire.

3. Inama zo guhitamo iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese mu buryo butandukanye bwo kuyikoresha
(I) Inganda zitunganya ibiribwa
Mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa, kubera ko ibikoresho bigomba gusukurwa no gusukurwa kenshi, ibidukikije biba bifite ubushuhe kandi byangiza, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese n'isuku y'iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese ni ngombwa. Muri iki gihe, ni byiza guhitamo umunyururu w'ibyuma bitagira umugese ukozwe mu bikoresho 316, ufite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese kandi ushobora kuzuza ibisabwa n'ahantu hatunganyirizwa ibiribwa. Muri icyo gihe, kugira ngo byoroshye gusukura no kwirinda ko bagiteri zikura, imiterere y'umunyururu igomba kuba yoroshye uko bishoboka kose, ifite ubuso bworoshye kandi nta mfuruka zipfuye.
(II) Inganda z'ibinyabutabire
Ibikoresho mu nganda zikora imiti akenshi bikenera gukorera ahantu habi nko mu bushyuhe bwinshi, aside ikomeye na alkali ikomeye, kandi bifite ibisabwa cyane kugira ngo iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese ishobore guhangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi no kurwanya ingese. Ku bidukikije bishyushye cyane, ushobora guhitamo iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese ya 316L, aho ubushyuhe bwayo bwo gukora bushobora kugera kuri 1200℃ ~ 1300℃; mu bidukikije bitagira umugese nk'aside ikomeye na alkali ikomeye, uretse guhitamo ibikoresho birwanya ingese cyane, ushobora kandi gutekereza ku gutunganya ubuso bw'umunyururu, nko gupfuka chrome ikomeye, kugira ngo wongere uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese no kudashira.
(III) Inganda z'imodoka
Ibikoresho byo mu nganda zikora imodoka bisaba iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese kandi byizewe cyane kugira ngo ibice bikoreshwe neza kandi bihuzwe. Kubera ko ibikoresho biri ku nganda zikora imodoka bikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi kandi umutwaro ukaba uhamye, mu gihe uhitamo iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese, ugomba kwibanda ku buryo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa neza, kudahungabana no kumara igihe kinini umunyururu unaniwe. Ushobora guhitamo umunyururu w'ibyuma bitagira umugese ufite umurongo umwe ufite umuvuduko muto kandi ufite ubuziranenge bwinshi mu gukora, kandi ukareba neza ko umunyururu n'agace by'umugozi bifatanye neza kugira ngo ibikoresho bikore neza.
(IV) Inganda z'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro
Ibikoresho byo mu nganda z'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bigomba kwihanganira imitwaro minini n'imitwaro iremereye. Muri icyo gihe, ahantu ho gukorera ni habi, harimo ivumbi n'ubushuhe bwinshi. Muri iki gihe, imbaraga, gukomera no kudashira kw'iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese bigomba guhabwa umwanya wa mbere mu gihe cyo kubihitamo. Ushobora guhitamo iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese ifite ubunini bunini n'imirongo myinshi, kandi ugashyiraho uburyo bukwiye bwo kurinda iminyururu, nko gushyira amavuta, kugira ngo ugabanye isuri n'ubushyuhe bw'ivumbi n'ubushuhe ku minyururu.

4. Kubungabunga no kwita ku minyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese
Nubwo umugozi w'icyuma kidashonga neza ukwiriye imitwaro ihindagurika watoranywa, imikorere yawo n'ubuzima bwawo bizagira ingaruka niba udafashwe neza kandi ntufashwe neza mu gihe ukoreshwa. Ibi bikurikira ni bimwe mu bitekerezo byo kubungabunga no kwita ku migozi y'icyuma kidashonga neza:
Igenzura rihoraho: Reba buri gihe uko umugozi wangiritse, uruhuka n'aho wacitse. Imigozi yangiritse cyane igomba gusimbuzwa ku gihe kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho byangirika.
Gusukura no gusiga amavuta: Komeza umugozi usukuye kandi ukureho buri gihe imyanda nka amavuta, umukungugu, nibindi ku mugozi. Muri icyo gihe, ukurikije imiterere y'imikorere n'imiterere y'ibikoresho, hitamo amavuta akwiye yo gusiga amavuta ku mugozi kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika no kwangirika no kongera igihe cy'akazi k'umugozi.
Gushyiraho no gukosora neza: Menya neza ko umugozi ushyizwemo neza kugira ngo wirinde ko umugozi ufunganye cyane cyangwa urekuye cyane. Umugozi ufunganye cyane wongera imbaraga z'umugozi kandi wihutishe kwangirika kw'umugozi; mu gihe umugozi urekuye cyane uzatuma habaho guhuza nabi hagati y'umugozi n'agace k'umugozi, bigatera gusimbuka amenyo n'ibindi bintu. Mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho, hagomba kandi gukorwa impinduka zikwiye hakurikijwe uburyo umugozi urekuye.
Irinde gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi cyane: Kora neza ukurikije imiterere y'ibikoresho kugira ngo wirinde ko biremereye cyane. Gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi cyane bizatuma umuyoboro wikorera imizigo myinshi ihindagurika, bikongera umunaniro n'ingufu by'umuyoboro.

5. Incamake
Guhitamo umuyoboro w'icyuma gifunganye ukwiriye imitwaro ihindagurika bisaba gusuzuma ibintu byinshi nko imiterere y'imitwaro, ibipimo by'umuyoboro, ibikoresho, inzira zo gukora, ibirango, ibiciro, n'uburyo bwo kuyikoresha. Binyuze mu guhitamo neza no kuyibungabunga neza, bishobora kwemeza ko umuyoboro w'icyuma gifunganye ukora neza kandi mu buryo bwizewe munsi y'imitwaro ihindagurika, kunoza imikorere myiza n'umutekano w'imikorere y'ibikoresho, no gutanga garanti ikomeye ku musaruro n'imikorere y'ikigo. Ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bagurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi, gusobanukirwa neza izi ngingo zo guhitamo bizabafasha guhitamo umuyoboro w'icyuma gifunganye uhuye neza n'ibyo bakeneye mu bicuruzwa byinshi, bityo bakabona inyungu mu ipiganwa rikomeye ku isoko.