Ni angahe umugozi w'ingufu uzagabanuka mu gihe ivumbi ryinshi riri hejuru?
Mu nganda, ivumbi ni ikintu gihumanya ikirere, kitangiza ubuzima bw'abantu gusa, ahubwo kinatera n'ibyangiza ibikoresho bya mekanike. Nk'igice gikoreshwa cyane mu gutwara ibintu, ivumbi rizibasirwa n'ivumbi iyo rikoreshejwe ahantu hari ivumbi ryinshi. None se, ivumbi rizagabanuka ryari iyo ivumbi ryinshi ribaye ryinshi? Iyi nkuru izavuga ku miterere n'ihame ry'imikorere y'ivumbi, ingaruka z'ivumbi ku ivumbi ry'ivumbi, ibindi bintu bigira ingaruka ku ivumbi ku ivumbi ry'ivumbi, n'ingamba zo kugabanya ivumbi ku ivumbi ry'ivumbi.
1. Imiterere n'ihame ry'imikorere y'umunyururu w'urukiramende
Umunyururu w'umunyururu ugizwe ahanini n'amasahani y'imbere y'umunyururu, amasahani y'inyuma y'umunyururu, imisumari, amaboko n'imizingo. Amasahani y'imbere y'umunyururu n'amasahani y'inyuma y'umunyururu bihuzwa hamwe hakoreshejwe imisumari n'amaboko kugira ngo bikore imiyoboro y'umunyururu. Iminyururu ihambirwa ku maboko no ku menyo y'umunyururu kugira ngo igere ku ngufu. Ihame ry'imikorere ry'umunyururu w'umunyururu ni ugutanga ingufu kuva kuri sprocket ikora ikagera kuri sprocket itwarwa binyuze mu gufunga no gutandukanya amenyo y'umunyururu n'amenyo y'umunyururu, bityo bigatuma ibikoresho bya mekanike bikora neza.
2. Ingaruka z'umukungugu ku kwangirika k'umunyururu ugenda unyuramo
(I) Ibiranga ivumbi
Ingano y'uduce, ubukana, imiterere n'imiterere y'imiti by'umukungugu bizagira ingaruka ku rugero rw'ubusaza bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende. Muri rusange, uko uduce duto tw'urukiramende tuba duto kandi ubukana bw'uduce tw'umukungugu bukaba bwinshi, ni ko ubusaza bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende burushaho kuba bukomeye. Urugero, umukungugu wa quartz ufite ubukana bwinshi n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwangirika ku munyururu w'urukiramende. Byongeye kandi, uduce tw'umukungugu tudahuje imiterere na two dushobora gushwara no kwangirika ku buso bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende.
(II) Ingaruka z'ubwinshi bw'umukungugu
Uko ivumbi ryinshi rirushaho kwiyongera, ni ko uduce twinshi tw’umukungugu twinjira mu mugozi w’umuzunguruko kuri buri gice cy’igihe, kandi ni ko gukururana no gukubitana kenshi n’umugozi w’umuzunguruko, bityo bikihutisha kwangirika k’umugozi w’umuzunguruko. Mu gace k’umukungugu w’umuzunguruko mwinshi, umuvuduko w’umugozi w’umuzunguruko ushobora kuba wihuta inshuro nyinshi cyangwa ndetse n’inshuro nyinshi kurusha mu gace gasanzwe. Ingano yihariye yo kwangirika izagirwaho ingaruka n’ibintu byinshi, nk’ibikoresho, imiterere y’amavuta, n’umutwaro w’umugozi w’umuzunguruko.
(III) Inzira zo kwibasira ivumbi
Ivumbi ryinjira cyane cyane mu muyoboro w'amazi unyuze mu nzira zikurikira:
Gutwara amavuta: Iyo uduce tw'umukungugu twivanze mu mavuta, utu duce twinjira mu bice bitandukanye by'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko hamwe n'amavuta, nko hagati y'agapira n'agatambaro, hagati y'umuzunguruko n'agatambaro, nibindi, bityo bikarushaho kwangirika.
Umuvuduko w'umwuka: Mu kirere gifite umwuka mubi cyangwa ivumbi ryinshi, uduce tw'umukungugu twinjira mu mugozi w'umwuka ugenda.
Kunyeganyega kwa mekanike: Kunyeganyega guterwa n'ibikoresho bya mekanike mu gihe cyo gukora bizorohereza uduce tw'umukungugu kwinjira mu mugozi w'umuzunguruko.
3. Izindi mpamvu zigira ingaruka ku kwangirika kw'iminyururu izunguruka
(I) Ibikoresho by'umunyururu w'urukiramende
Ibikoresho by'umunyururu w'uruhererekane bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kudashira kwarwo. Ibikoresho bisanzwe by'umunyururu w'uruhererekane birimo icyuma cya karuboni, icyuma cya alloy, n'icyuma kidashonga. Ubukana n'ubudashira bw'icyuma cya alloy n'icyuma kidashonga ubusanzwe ni byiza kuruta icyuma cya karuboni, bityo iyo bikoreshejwe ahantu hari ivumbi ryinshi, urwego rw'ubudashira ruba rworoshye.
(ii) Gusiga amavuta
Gusiga amavuta meza bishobora kugabanya neza ubushyamirane hagati y’umunyururu w’umuzunguruko n’uduce tw’umukungugu, bityo bigabanye kwangirika. Iyo amavuta adahagije cyangwa amavuta adatoranijwe neza, kwangirika k’umunyururu w’umuzunguruko bizarushaho kwiyongera. Urugero, mu gace gafite ivumbi ryinshi, amavuta afite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika no gufata neza agomba gutoranywa kugira ngo hirindwe ko uduce tw’umukungugu twinjira mu munyururu w’umuzunguruko.
(iii) Umutwaro n'umuvuduko w'akazi
Umutwaro n'umuvuduko w'akazi nabyo ni ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku gucika kw'iminyururu y'urushundura. Imitwaro myinshi y'akazi izatuma umunyururu w'urushundura ugira igitutu kinini kandi wihutishe kwangirika. Umuvuduko mwinshi uzongera umuvuduko w'ingendo hagati y'umunyururu w'urushundura n'uduce tw'umukungugu, bityo bikarushaho kwangirika.
4. Ingamba zo kugabanya kwangirika kw'umukungugu ku minyururu izunguruka
(i) Kunoza uburyo bwo gushyira amavuta mu mubiri
Guhitamo amavuta akwiye no gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo gusiga amavuta ni imwe mu ngamba z'ingenzi zo kugabanya ivumbi ku minyururu y'imizingo. Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta bwikora bushobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo amavuta ashobore gutangwa mu bice bitandukanye by'umunyururu w'imizingo buri gihe kandi mu buryo bw'umubare. Muri icyo gihe, ubwiza n'ingano by'amavuta bigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe kandi bigasimbuzwa cyangwa bigasubizwa ku gihe.
(ii) Kongera imbaraga mu kurinda gufunga
Mu gace gafite ivumbi ryinshi, ingamba zo kurinda umugozi w’umuzingo zigomba kongerwamo imbaraga. Ibikoresho byo gufunga nk’ibipfundikizo byo gufunga n’impeta zo gufunga bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukumira uduce tw’umukungugu kwinjira mu mugozi w’umuzingo. Byongeye kandi, igipfundikizo cyo kurinda gishobora gushyirwa inyuma y’umugozi w’umuzingo kugira ngo kigabanye ukwinjira kw’umukungugu.
(III) Gusukura no kubungabunga buri gihe
Sukura kandi ukomeze umuyoboro w'imashini ikora isuku buri gihe kugira ngo ukureho uduce tw'umukungugu dufatanye n'imbere. Ushobora gukoresha igitambaro cyoroshye cyangwa uburoso kugira ngo winjize mu isabune ikwiye kugira ngo uhanagure, hanyuma woge n'amazi meza hanyuma wumishe. Mu gihe cyo gusukura, ugomba kwitondera kugenzura ko umuyoboro w'imashini usanzwe wangiritse hanyuma ugasimbuza ibice byangiritse cyane ku gihe.
(IV) Hitamo umuyoboro ugororotse w'imashini
Hitamo ibikoresho by'umunyururu w'urukiramende n'icyitegererezo gikwiye hakurikijwe imiterere y'akazi n'ibisabwa. Mu gace gafite ivumbi ryinshi, iminyururu y'urukiramende y'icyuma cya alloy cyangwa iy'icyuma kidashonga ifite ubukana bwinshi kandi idapfa kwangirika neza igomba kuba myiza. Muri icyo gihe, hagomba kugenzurwa ko ubuhanga n'ubwiza bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende byujuje ibisabwa bisanzwe.
5. Umwanzuro
Iyo ivumbi riri hejuru, ubusaza bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko buzagabanuka cyane. Ubusaza bwihariye bugabanuka bitewe n'ibintu byinshi nko kuranga ivumbi, ibikoresho by'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko, imiterere y'ubusabune, n'umutwaro w'akazi. Kugira ngo tugabanye ubusaza bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko buterwa n'ivumbi, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kunoza sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta, kongera uburinzi bwo gufunga, gusukura no kubungabunga buri gihe, no guhitamo iminyururu y'umuzunguruko ikwiye. Izi ngamba zishobora kongera igihe cy'akazi k'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko no kunoza imikorere n'ubwizigirwa bw'ibikoresho bya mekanike.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-21-2025