Ni gute uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta mu muyoboro wa roller bugira ingaruka ku guhitamo?

Ni gute uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta mu muyoboro wa roller bugira ingaruka ku guhitamo?

Dukurikije imibare y’inganda, hafi 60% by’ibura ry’imiyoboro y’amazi ikora vuba biterwa no gusiga amavuta nabi. Guhitamo uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta si "intambwe yo kwitabwaho nyuma yo kuyitaho" ahubwo ni ikintu cy’ingenzi kuva mu ntangiriro. Byaba ari ugutumiza mu mahanga mu nganda, mu mashini z’ubuhinzi, cyangwa mu gutunganya ibiribwa, kwirengagiza guhuza uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta n’imiterere y’imiyoboro bishobora kugabanya cyane igihe cy’imiyoboro no kongera ikiguzi cy’imikorere, ndetse no mu buryo bukwiye n’ibikoresho. Iyi ngingo izashyira mu byiciro uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta, isesengura ingaruka zabwo z’ingenzi ku guhitamo, kandi itange uburyo bwo guhitamo bufatika kugira ngo igufashe kwirinda amakosa akunze kugaragara mu bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.

1. Gusobanukirwa Itandukaniro ry'Ingenzi Hagati y'Uburyo Bune Bukuru bwo Gusiga Amavuta ku Muyoboro w'Izingo
Mbere yo kuganira ku guhitamo, ni ngombwa gusobanura neza imbibi z'uburyo butandukanye bwo gusiga amavuta. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga amavuta, uburyo bwo kuyahindura mu buryo busanzwe, n'ikiguzi cyo kuyabungabunga bigena neza "imiterere karemano" isabwa n'urunigi.

1. Gusiga amavuta n'intoki (Gushyiramo/Gusukura)
Ihame: Amavuta akoreshwa buri gihe ku ngingo zo gukururana nk'udupira tw'iminyururu n'udupira tw'imizingo hakoreshejwe uburoso cyangwa amavuta.
Ibintu by'ingenzi: Igiciro gito cy'ibikoresho n'imikorere yoroshye, ariko amavuta adahagije (ashobora "gusigwa cyane" cyangwa "gusigwa nabi") no kutagira amavuta adahoraho ni ibintu bisanzwe.
Porogaramu zikoreshwa: Ahantu hafunguye hafite umuvuduko muto (umuvuduko ugororotse < 0.5 m/s) n'imizigo yoroheje (imizigo < 50% by'umuzigo ugenwe), nk'imodoka nto zitwara imizigo n'iziterura intoki.

2. Gusiga amavuta mu mavuta (Imashini igabanya amavuta)
Ihame: Igikoresho cyo gutonyanga amavuta gikoresha imbaraga za rukuruzi (gifite valve igenzura amazi) gitonyanga amavuta asanzwe mu gice cyo gukururana cy'uruhererekane rw'imitsi. Ingano y'amavuta ishobora guhindurwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'imikorere (urugero: ibitonyanga 1-5 ku munota).
Ibiranga by'ingenzi: Gusiga amavuta amwe n'amwe mu bice by'ingenzi birashoboka. Ariko, ubu buryo ntibukwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihuse cyane (ibitonyanga bya peteroli bikurwa byoroshye n'imbaraga zo hagati) kandi bisaba kongeramo amavuta buri gihe. Uburyo bukoreshwa: Ahantu hafunganye hafite umuvuduko uringaniye (0.5-2 m/s) n'imitwaro iringaniye, nk'iminyururu itwara ibikoresho by'imashini n'iminyururu mito y'abafana.

3. Gusiga amavuta mu bwogero (Gusiga amavuta mu mazi)
Ihame: Igice cy'umunyururu (ubusanzwe umunyururu wo hasi) cyinjizwa mu kigega cy'amavuta gifunze. Mu gihe cyo gukora, amavuta atwarwa n'imizingo, bigatuma ubuso bwo gukururana bukomeza gusigwa ndetse bigatanga n'ubushyuhe bugabanuka.
Ibiranga by'ingenzi: Gusiga amavuta bihagije no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza, bikuraho gukenera kongeramo amavuta kenshi. Ariko, urunigi rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora cyane (igice cyinjijwemo kigira ingaruka ku guhagarara kw'amavuta), kandi amavuta yoroshye kwanduzwa n'imyanda kandi bisaba gusimbuzwa buri gihe.
Ibikoresho Bikoreshwa: Ahantu hafungiye hafite umuvuduko mwinshi (2-8 m/s) n'imitwaro iremereye, nk'iminyururu iri mu bigabanya umuvuduko n'iminyururu y'amasanduku manini y'imodoka.

4. Gusiga amavuta (Ifuro ry'amavuta rikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi)
Ihame: Amavuta yo kwisiga ashyirwa muri atome hakoreshejwe pompe ifite umuvuduko mwinshi hanyuma agashyirwa ku buso bw'umugozi unyura mu munwa. Umukungugu w'amavuta ufite uduce duto (5-10 μm) kandi ushobora gutwikira inyubako zigoye nta kindi kiwurwanya. Ibiranga by'ingenzi: Gukoresha amavuta menshi no kuyakoresha mu kwihuta cyane/ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ariko, hakenewe ibikoresho byihariye byo kwisiga (bihenze), kandi umukungugu w'amavuta ugomba kugaruzwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduza ibidukikije.

Ibikoreshwa: Umuvuduko wo hejuru (>8 m/s), ubushyuhe bwo hejuru (>150°C), cyangwa ahantu hafunguye hari ivumbi, nko gucukura iminyururu y'icyuma gisya n'iminyururu itwara imashini z'ubwubatsi.

II. Urufunguzo: Ingaruka eshatu zigaragaza uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta mu guhitamo imiyoboro y'urukiramende

Mu guhitamo umuyoboro w'urukiramende, ihame ry'ingenzi ni "kubanza kugena uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta, hanyuma ibipimo by'umuyoboro." Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta bugena mu buryo butaziguye ibikoresho by'umuyoboro, imiterere y'inyubako, ndetse n'amafaranga yo kubungabunga nyuma yaho. Ibi bigaragarira mu ngero eshatu zihariye:

1. Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho n'ubuso: "Umuyoboro w'ibanze" wo guhuza ibidukikije n'amavuta
Uburyo butandukanye bwo gusiga amavuta bujyanye n'imiterere itandukanye y'ibidukikije, kandi ibikoresho by'urunigi bigomba kugira ubushobozi bujyanye nabyo:

Gusiga amavuta mu bwogero/spray: Mu gihe ukoresha amavuta yo mu nganda nka amavuta y’ubutare n’amavuta y’ubukorikori, urunigi rushobora kwangizwa n’amavuta n’imyanda. Hagomba gutoranywa ibikoresho birwanya ingese, nk’icyuma cya karuboni gikozwe muri galvanized (gikoreshwa muri rusange) cyangwa icyuma kidashonga (gikoreshwa ahantu hashyushye cyangwa hangiritse gake). Ku bijyanye n’ubushyuhe bwinshi (>200°C), ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe (nk’icyuma cya Cr-Mo) bigomba gutoranywa kugira ngo hirindwe koroha bitewe n’ubushyuhe bwinshi. Gusiga amavuta mu ntoki: Bigomba gukoreshwa mu nganda z’ibiribwa (urugero, ibikoresho bitwara ibiribwa), ibikoresho bihuye n’ibiribwa (urugero, icyuma kidashonga 304) bigomba gutoranywa, kandi ubuso bugomba gusigwa kugira ngo hirindwe ibisigazwa by’amavuta no gukura kwa bagiteri. Hagomba kandi gukoreshwa amavuta yo mu rwego rw’ibiribwa (urugero, amavuta y’umweru).

Ibidukikije bifite ivumbi + Gusiga amavuta: Ivumbi rifata ku buso bw'umunyururu byoroshye, bityo hakenewe uburyo bwo kuvura ubuso budashobora kwangirika (urugero: gukaraba, kuzimya, cyangwa gusiga fosfati) kugira ngo hirindwe ko ivumbi rivangwa n'amavuta kugira ngo habeho "ibintu bitera uburibwe" kandi byihutishe kwangirika kw'umunyururu.

2. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inyubako: Guhuza uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta ni ingenzi kugira ngo urusheho gukora neza
Imiterere y'urunigi igomba "gukora" uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta; bitabaye ibyo, gusiga amavuta bizananirwa.

Gusiga amavuta n'intoki: Kubaka ibintu bigoye ntabwo bikenewe, ariko hakenewe umugozi munini (>16mm) n'ahantu hakwiye. Niba umugozi ari muto cyane (urugero, munsi ya 8mm), amavuta n'intoki bizagorana kwinjira mu gice cyo hagati cy'ibice, bigatuma habaho "ahantu hadasobanutse ho gusiga amavuta." Amavuta yo mu bwogero bw'amavuta: Hagomba gukoreshwa icyuma gifunga kugira ngo hatagira amazi yinjira n'imyanda yinjira, kandi umugozi ugomba gukorwa ufite umuyoboro uyobora amavuta kugira ngo ugarure amavuta mu kigega cy'amavuta, bigabanye imyanda. Niba umugozi ukeneye kugonda impande, umwanya wo gutemberamo amavuta ugomba kuba uri mu gikingi.

Gusiga amavuta: Umunyururu ugomba kuba warashushanyijweho amasafuriya afunguye (nk'amasafuriya y'iminyururu idafite ububobere) kugira ngo hirindwe ko amavuta adafungwa n'amasafuriya y'iminyururu kandi akarinda kugera ku buso buri hagati y'amasafuriya n'amapine. Byongeye kandi, hagomba gushyirwaho ibigega bya peteroli ku mpera zombi z'amasafuriya kugira ngo habikwe by'agateganyo amavuta kandi byongere ubushobozi bwo gusiga amavuta.

3. Imiterere y'imikorere: Igena "ubuzima nyakuri bw'uruhererekane"

Guhitamo uburyo butari bwo bwo gusiga amavuta ku mugozi ukwiye bishobora kugabanya ubuzima bw'umugozi ku kigero kirenga 50%. Ibintu bisanzwe ni ibi bikurikira:

Ikosa rya 1: Guhitamo "amavuta yo kwisiga" ku munyururu wihuta cyane (10 m/s) - Gukoresha amavuta yo kwisiga n'intoki ntibishobora kubahiriza ibisabwa mu gukora ku muvuduko mwinshi, bigatuma iminyururu ishira no gufata udupira mu gihe cy'ukwezi kumwe. Ariko, guhitamo amavuta yo kwisiga akoresheje iminyururu idafite ububobere bishobora kongera igihe cyo gukora kugeza ku myaka 2-3. Igitekerezo cya 2: Guhitamo "amavuta yo kwisiga" ku minyururu mu nganda z'ibiribwa - amavuta yo kwisiga ashobora kubika ibisigazwa by'amavuta mu buryo bworoshye imbere mu gikingi, kandi guhindura amavuta bishobora kwanduza ibiryo byoroshye. Guhitamo "amavuta yo kwisiga n'umunyururu wa 304 w'icyuma kitagira umugese" hamwe n'amavuta yo kwisiga akurikije ibipimo by'isuku kandi bitanga ubuzima bw'imyaka irenga 1.5.

Igitekerezo cya 3: Guhitamo "icyuma gisanzwe cya karuboni gifite amavuta yo kwisiga" ku minyururu iri ahantu hakonje—amavuta yo kwisiga ntabwo atwikira neza ubuso bw'umunyururu, kandi umwuka utose ushobora gutera ingese. Guhitamo "icyuma cya karuboni gifite amavuta yo kwisiga" (ibidukikije bifunze bitandukanya ubushuhe) bishobora gukumira ingese.

III. Gukoresha mu buryo bufatika: Intambwe 4 z'ubuyobozi bwo guhitamo iminyururu ikoresha urunigi hashingiwe ku buryo bwo gusiga amavuta
Gusobanukirwa intambwe zikurikira bizagufasha guhuza vuba "uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta - ibipimo by'uruhererekane" kandi wirinde amakosa yo guhitamo mu gihe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga:
Intambwe ya 1: Kumenya ibipimo bitatu by'ingenzi by'ikoreshwa ry'iyi porogaramu
Ubwa mbere, kusanya amakuru ajyanye n'imikorere y'umukiriya; iki ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kugira ngo umenye uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta:
Ibipimo by'imikorere: umuvuduko w'umurongo w'uruhererekane (m/s), amasaha y'akazi ya buri munsi (h), ubwoko bw'umutwaro (umutwaro uhoraho/umutwaro uhindagurika);
Ibipimo by'ibidukikije: ubushyuhe (ubushyuhe busanzwe/hejuru/hasi), ubushuhe (bwumutse/ubukonje), imyuka ihumanya (umukungugu/amavuta/ibikoresho byangiza);
Ibisabwa mu nganda: niba uruhererekane rwujuje ibisabwa byihariye nko kuba ibiribwa bifite ireme (FDA), kuba bitemewe n'ibiturika (ATEX certification), no kurengera ibidukikije (RoHS certification).

Intambwe ya 2: Huza uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta ukurikije ibipimo
Ukurikije ibipimo byo mu ntambwe ya 1, hitamo uburyo bumwe cyangwa bubiri bushoboka bwo gusiga amavuta mu buryo bune buhari (reba ibintu bikurikizwa mu gice cya 1). Ingero zirimo:
Ishusho: Kohereza ibiryo (umuvuduko ugororotse wa 0.8 m/s, ubushyuhe bw'icyumba, icyemezo cya FDA kirakenewe) → Amahitamo: Gusiga amavuta n'intoki (amavuta yo mu rwego rw'ibiryo);
Ishusho: Imashini icukura amabuye y'agaciro (umuvuduko ugororotse wa 12 m/s, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa 200°C, ivumbi ryinshi) → Amahitamo: Gutera amavuta (amavuta y’ubukonje bwinshi);
Ishusho: Kohereza ibikoresho by'imashini (umuvuduko ugororotse wa 1.5 m/s, ibidukikije bifunze, umutwaro uringaniye) → Amahitamo: Gusiga amavuta mu mazi / Gusiga amavuta mu bwogero

Intambwe ya 3: Gushungura Ibipimo by'Urufunguzo rw'Urunigi ukoresheje Uburyo bwo Gusiga
Nyuma yo kumenya uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta, shyira imbaraga ku bipimo bine by'uruhererekane rw'ingenzi:
Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta, Ibikoresho byasabwe, Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso, Ibisabwa mu miterere, n'ibikoresho
Gusiga amavuta n'intoki: Icyuma cya karuboni / 304 Icyuma kidasembuye, gikozwe mu buryo bwa polished (Ingano y'ibiribwa), Pitch > 16mm, Nta na kimwe (cyangwa amavuta)
Amavuta yo gusiga: Icyuma cya karuboni / Icyuma cya karuboni gikozwe mu cyuma, gikozwe muri fosfeti / gikara, gifite imyobo y'amavuta (yoroshye kuyasuka), Amavuta yo gusiga
Gusiga amavuta mu bwogero: Icyuma cya karuboni / Cr-Mo, Icuma cya kaburimbo n'icyazimye, Umurinzi ufunze + Ubuyobozi bw'amavuta, Igipimo cy'urwego rw'amavuta, Valve yo gukurura amavuta
Gusiga amavuta: Icyuma cya Alloy kidashyuha, Ifu idashobora kwangirika, Isahani y'umunyururu w'ubururu + ikigega cy'amavuta, Pompe itera amavuta, Igikoresho cyo kugarura amazi

Intambwe ya 4: Kugenzura no kunoza (Kwirinda ingaruka zishobora kubaho nyuma)
Intambwe ya nyuma isaba kwemezwa kabiri n'umukiriya ndetse n'umutanga serivisi:
Emeza umukiriya niba uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta buhuye n'ibisabwa mu bikoresho biri aho hantu (urugero, niba hari umwanya wo gushyiramo ibikoresho byo gutera amavuta kandi niba amavuta asanzwe ashobora kongera gukoreshwa);
Emeza umutanga serivisi niba urunigi rwatoranijwe rukwiriye ubu buryo bwo gusiga amavuta. "Igihe cy'ubuzima cyitezwe" na "igihe cyo kubungabunga." Ingero zigomba gutangwa kugira ngo zipimwe uko imikorere imeze nibiba ngombwa.

Igitekerezo cyo kunoza: Niba umukiriya afite ingengo y'imari ntoya, ashobora guhabwa "igisubizo gihendutse" (urugero, mu gukoresha umuvuduko uringaniye, amavuta yo kwisiga agura make agura 30% munsi y'ibikoresho byo kwisiga spray).

IV. Amakosa asanzwe yo guhitamo ibicuruzwa n'imbogamizi ku bucuruzi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga

Ku byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, kwirengagiza uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta bitera 15% by'inyungu n'ingurane. Amakosa atatu akurikira agomba kwirindwa:

Ikosa rya 1: “Hitamo icyitegererezo cy’urunigi mbere na mbere, hanyuma utekereze ku buryo bwo gusiga amavuta.”

Ingaruka: Urugero, niba umuyoboro wihuta cyane (nka RS60) watoranyijwe, ariko umukiriya akemerera amavuta yo kwisiga gusa aho akorera, umuyoboro ushobora kwangirika mu gihe cy'ukwezi kumwe.

Ingorane zo kwirinda: Tekereza "uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta" nk'intambwe ya mbere mu guhitamo. Garagaza neza "uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta busabwa n'ibisabwa mu bufasha" mu nteruro kugira ngo hirindwe impaka nyuma. Ikinyoma cya 2: "Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta bushobora guhindurwa nyuma."
Ingaruka: Umukiriya abanza gukoresha amavuta yo kwisiga n'intoki, nyuma agashaka guhindura amavuta yo kwisiga. Ariko, urunigi ruriho nta kintu na kimwe kirukingira, bigatuma amavuta asohoka ndetse bikaba ngombwa ko yongera kugura urunigi rushya.
Kwirinda: Mu gihe cyo guhitamo, menyesha umukiriya mbere ko uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta bujyanye n'imiterere y'umunyururu, bigatuma ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza gihinduka kinini. Ukurikije gahunda y'imyaka itatu yo kuvugurura akazi k'umukiriya, tanga inama ku munyururu ujyanye n'uburyo bwinshi bwo gusiga amavuta (nk'ufite agakingirizo gashobora gukuraho).
Ikinyoma cya 3: “Imiyoboro y’ibiribwa isaba gusa ko ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa; uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta ntacyo butwaye.”
Ingaruka: Umukiriya agura iminyururu 304 y'icyuma kitagira umugese (ibikoresho byo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa) ariko agakoresha amavuta asanzwe yo mu nganda (atari ayo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa), bigatuma ibicuruzwa bifatirwa na gasutamo mu gihugu umukiriya akomokamo.
Kwirinda: Ku byohereza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa mu nganda z'ibiribwa, menya neza ko ibintu bitatu byose bigize urunigi, amavuta yo kwisiga, n'uburyo bwo gusiga byujuje ibisabwa ku biryo kandi utange inyandiko zijyanye nabyo (nk'icyemezo cya FDA cyangwa NSF).

Incamake
Guhitamo umuyoboro w'ibyuma si ikibazo cyo "guhuza parameter imwe" ahubwo ni uburyo buhamye burimo "uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta, imiterere y'imikorere, n'imiterere y'umuyoboro." Ku bigo byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, guhitamo neza ntibyongerera gusa kunyurwa kw'abakiriya (kugabanya ibibazo nyuma yo kugurisha) ahubwo binagaragaza ubuhanga. N'ubundi kandi, abakiriya ntibashaka "umuyoboro gusa," ahubwo bashaka "umuyoboro uzakoresha ibikoresho byabo neza mu gihe cy'imyaka 2-3."