Ni gute uburyo bwo kuvura nitriding bwongera ubushobozi bwo kudashira kw'iminyururu izunguruka?

Ni gute uburyo bwo kuvura nitriding bwongera ubushobozi bwo kudashira kw'iminyururu izunguruka?

1. Intangiriro

Mu nganda zigezweho, iminyururu izunguruka ni igice cy'ingenzi cyo kohereza kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bitandukanye bya mekanike. Ubwiza bw'imikorere yayo bufitanye isano itaziguye n'imikorere myiza n'igihe ikoreshwa. Ubudahangarwa bw'imyenda ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi by'imikorereiminyururu y'ibizingo, no gukoresha nitriding, nk'ikoranabuhanga rikora neza ryo gukomeza ubuso, bishobora kongera cyane ubushobozi bwo kudashira kw'iminyururu izunguruka.

2. Ihame ryo kuvura nitriding
Gutunganya nitride ni uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bwemerera atome za azote kwinjira mu buso bw'igikoresho ku bushyuhe runaka no mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo habeho urwego rwa nitride rufite ubukana bwinshi. Ubu buryo busanzwe bukorwa ku bushyuhe bwa 500-540℃ kandi bumara amasaha 35-65. Ubujyakuzimu bw'urwego rwa nitride muri rusange ni buke, urugero, ubujyakuzimu bw'urwego rwa nitride rw'icyuma cya chromium-molybdenum-aluminium ni 0.3-0.65mm gusa. Ubukana bw'ubuso bw'igikoresho nyuma yo gutunganya nitride bushobora kongerwa cyane bukagera kuri 1100-1200HV (bingana na 67-72HRC).

3. Uburyo bwo gusiga nitridi
Uburyo bwo gushyiramo nitriding bukubiyemo ahanini intambwe zikurikira:
Gushyushya: Shyushya umuyoboro w'amazi kugeza ku bushyuhe bwa nitriding, ubusanzwe hagati ya 500-540℃.
Gukingira: Umaze kugera ku bushyuhe bwa nitriding, komeza igihe runaka cyo gukingira kugira ngo atome za azote zibashe kwinjira neza ku buso bw'igikoresho.
Gukonjesha: Nyuma yo kurangiza gukoresha nitriding, shyira buhoro buhoro igikoresho cyo gukoreramo kugira ngo wirinde stress imbere.
Mu gihe cyo gukoresha nitride, ubusanzwe hakoreshwa igikoresho cya gaze kirimo azote, nka ammonia. Ammonia irabora ku bushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo ikore atome za azote, zinjira mu buso bw'igikoresho kugira ngo zikore urwego rwa nitride. Byongeye kandi, kugira ngo hongerwemo nitride, bimwe mu bintu bya alloy nka aluminiyumu, titaniyumu, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, nibindi. Ibi bintu bishobora gukora ibintu bihamye hamwe na azote, birushaho kunoza ubukana n'ubudahangarwa bw'urwego rwa nitride.

4. Uburyo bwo kongera imbaraga zo kudashira kw'iminyururu izunguruka hakoreshejwe nitriding
(I) Kunoza ubukana bw'ubuso
Nyuma yo gusya nitride, urwego rwa nitride rufite ubukana bwinshi rubaho ku buso bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko. Uru rwego rwa nitride rushobora kurwanya kwangirika kw'imitwaro yo hanze no kugabanya gushwanyagurika k'ubuso n'ubujyakuzimu bw'umuzunguruko. Urugero, ubukana bw'ubuso bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko wasizwe nitride bushobora kugera kuri 1100-1200HV, buruta cyane ubukana bw'ubuso bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko udakozwe neza.
(II) Kunoza imiterere y'ubuso bw'imashini
Uburyo bwo gutunganya nitride bushobora gukora uduce duto twa nitride ku buso bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende. Utu duce dukwirakwizwa mu buryo bungana muri matrix, bishobora kunoza neza uburyo ubuso budashobora kwangirika no kudacika intege. Byongeye kandi, ikorwa ry'urwego rwa nitride rishobora no kunoza imiterere y'ubuso bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende, kugabanya inenge n'imivuniko, bityo bikanoza imikorere rusange y'umunyururu w'urukiramende.
(III) Kongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya umunaniro
Uburyo bwo kuvura nitriding ntibushobora kongera ubukana no kudashira kw'ubuso bw'umunyururu uzunguruka gusa, ahubwo bunanongera cyane ubukana bwawo bwo kudashira. Ibi biterwa nuko urwego rw'umunyururu rushobora gukwirakwiza neza stress no kugabanya stress, bityo bikagabanya amahirwe yo gucika kw'umunaniro no kwaguka. Urugero, mu bushakashatsi ku minyururu ikoreshwa na moto n'iminyururu ikoreshwa na transmission, byagaragaye ko ubukana bw'ubuso n'ubukana bw'umunyururu ukoreshwa na carbonitriding byarushijeho kwiyongera cyane.
(IV) Kunoza uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese
Urusobe rw'umunyururu rurerure rukorwa ku buso bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko nyuma yo gusukurwaho umunyururu. Uru rusobe rw'umunyururu rushobora gukumira isuri bitewe n'ibintu byo hanze byangiza no kunoza ubudahangarwa bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku minyururu y'umuzunguruko ikora ahantu habi, kandi ishobora kongera igihe cyo kuyikora.

5. Gukoresha uburyo bwo gutunganya nitriding mu gukora imiyoboro y'uruhererekane rw'amapine
(I) Kunoza igihe cy'imikorere y'iminyururu izunguruka
Gukoresha nitride bishobora kongera cyane ubushobozi bwo kudashira no kudashira kw'iminyururu y'imizingo, bityo bikongera igihe cyo kuyikoresha. Urugero, nyuma yo gukoresha nitride, igihe cyo kuyikoresha cy'umunyururu w'imizingo ikomeye kandi idashira cyane cyakubye kabiri. Ibi biterwa nuko umunyururu w'imizingo nyuma yo kuyikoresha nitride ushobora kurwanya neza ivuka ry'imivuniko ishaje n'umunaniro mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, bityo bikagabanya inshuro zo kuyisana no kuyisimbuza.
(II) Kunoza uburyo iminyururu ikora neza
Umunyururu w'urukiramende nyuma yo gusukura nitride ufite ubukana bwinshi bw'ubuso n'ubudahangarwa, bituma urushaho kuba uwizerwa mu gihe cyo kuwukoresha. Nubwo ukoreshwa mu gihe cy'imitwaro myinshi n'ahantu hakomeye, umunyururu w'urukiramende nyuma yo gusukura nitride ushobora kugumana imikorere myiza no kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku bikoresho bimwe na bimwe bifite ibisabwa byizewe cyane, kandi bishobora kunoza neza imikorere y'ibikoresho.
(III) Kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga iminyururu izunguruka
Kubera ko gutunganya nitriding bishobora kunoza cyane ubuzima bw'iminyururu izunguruka n'uburyo ikora neza, bishobora kugabanya neza ikiguzi cyo kuyisana. Kugabanya inshuro zo kuyisana no kuyisimbuza ntibishobora gusa kuzigama igihe n'amafaranga y'abakozi, ahubwo binagabanya igihombo cy'ubukungu giterwa no kudakora kw'ibikoresho. Ibi bifite akamaro kanini mu bukungu ku bigo.

6. Ibyiza n'ibibi byo kuvura nitriding
(I) Ibyiza
Kunoza cyane uburyo bwo kudashira: Gukoresha nitriding bishobora kunoza cyane uburyo bwo gukomera no kudashira kw'ubuso bw'umunyururu uzunguruka, bityo bikarushaho kongera igihe cyo kuwukoresha.
Kunoza uburyo bwo kurwanya umunaniro: Urusobe rw'amazi rushobora gukwirakwiza neza stress no kugabanya stress, bityo bikagabanya amahirwe yo kubyara no kwaguka kw'umunaniro.
Kunoza uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese: Urukuta rurerure rwa nitride rukorwa ku buso bw'umunyururu nyuma yo gusukura nitride, ibyo bikaba bishobora gukumira isuri iterwa n'ibintu byo hanze byangiza.
Uburyo bwo gukura: Gutunganya nitridi ni ikoranabuhanga rikomeza ubuso bukuze rifite ishingiro ryagutse ry’inganda.
(II) Ingaruka mbi
Igihe kirekire cyo gutunganya: Gutunganya nitride akenshi bifata igihe kirekire, urugero nk'amasaha 35-65, bishobora kongera ikiguzi cy'umusaruro.
Ingaruka zimwe ku bunini bw'ibikoresho: Gutunganya nitriding bishobora guteza impinduka nke mu bunini bw'ibikoresho, ibyo bikaba bisaba kwitabwaho by'umwihariko muri bimwe mu bikoresho bifite ibisabwa mu buryo bwo hejuru.
Ibisabwa cyane ku bikoresho: Gutunganya nitriding bisaba ibikoresho byihariye no kugenzura neza uburyo ibikoresho bikorerwamo, ibi bishobora kongera ishoramari n'ikiguzi cyo kubikoresha.

7. Umwanzuro
Nk'ikoranabuhanga rikora neza ryo kongera ubuso, gutunganya nitride bishobora kunoza cyane uburyo iminyururu iramba kandi ikanananirwa, bityo bikanongera igihe cyo kuyikoresha no kunoza uburyo ikora. Nubwo gutunganya nitride bifite ingaruka mbi zimwe na zimwe, nko kumara igihe kirekire itunganywa n'ibikoresho byinshi, inyungu zabyo ziruta kure ingaruka mbi. Gukoresha nitride mu gutunganya iminyururu bidashobora kunoza imikorere n'ubwiza bw'umusaruro gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga, bigatanga inyungu zikomeye ku bukungu bw'ikigo. Kubwibyo, amahirwe yo gukoresha nitride mu gutunganya iminyururu ni manini, kandi bikwiye gukorwa ubushakashatsi bwimbitse no kwamamaza n'ibigo n'abashakashatsi.

8. Icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza
Bitewe n'iterambere rihoraho rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvura hakoreshejwe nitriding naryo rikomeje gutera imbere no guhanga udushya. Mu gihe kizaza, ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvura hakoreshejwe nitriding rishobora gutera imbere mu byerekezo bikurikira:
Kunoza imikorere myiza mu kuvura: Mu kunoza ibipimo by'imikorere n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ibikoresho, gabanya igihe cyo kuvura hakoreshejwe nitriding kandi wongere imikorere myiza mu kuvura.
Kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kuvurwa: Mu kunoza ibikoresho n'imikorere, kugabanya ishoramari ry'ibikoresho n'ikiguzi cyo gukoresha mu kuvura nitriding.
Kuzamura ireme ry'ubuvuzi: Mu kugenzura neza ibipimo mu gikorwa cyo gushyiramo nitriding, kunoza ubwiza n'ubunini bw'urwego rwo gushyiramo nitriding.
Kwagura ahantu hakoreshwa: Koresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya nitriding ku bwoko bwinshi bw'iminyururu izunguruka n'ibindi bicuruzwa bifitanye isano kugira ngo wongere urwego rwayo rwo gukoresha.
Muri make, ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu nganda zikora imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi rifite akamaro gakomeye kandi rifite amahirwe menshi yo gutera imbere. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi buhoraho n'udushya, twizera ko ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi rizagira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'inganda zikora imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi.