Ubudahangarwa bw'ingese bw'iminyururu y'icyuma kitagira umugese

Ubudahangarwa bw'ingese bw'iminyururu y'icyuma kitagira umugese

Mu bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu nganda, ubuzima bw'imikorere n'uburyo iminyururu ikora neza ni byo bigena neza umusaruro. Ariko, mu bidukikije byangiza nk'ubushuhe, aside na alkaline, hamwe n'umunyu utera, karuboni isanzweiminyururu y'ibyumaAkenshi birananirana bitewe n’ingese, bikongera ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga no gutuma igihe cyo gukora kidakora. Iminyururu y’ibyuma bitagira umugese, hamwe n’ubudahangarwa bwayo bukomeye bwo kurwanya ingese, yabaye ibice by’ingenzi byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu nganda nko gutunganya ibiribwa, ubwubatsi bwo mu mazi, n’inganda zikora imiti n’imiti.

I. Ihame ry'ingenzi ryo kurwanya ingese mu cyuma kidashonga: Ingwate ebyiri z'ibikoresho n'ubukorikori

Ubudahangarwa bw'iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese si ikintu kimwe kiranga, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kurinda bwubatswe mu buryo buvanze ibintu n'ubuhanga buhanitse. Ihame ryayo ry'ingenzi ni ugutinza cyangwa gukumira inzira y'iminyururu yo kwangirika binyuze mu gutandukanya icyuma gihumanya no gukumira ingese zikoresha amashanyarazi.

1. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi: Uburinzi bwa Chromium-Nickel Alloy "Passivation Film"
Ibikoresho by'ibanze by'umunyururu w'icyuma kidashonga bikozwe ahanini mu byuma bidashonga nka 304 na 316L. Ubudahangarwa bw'ibi bikoresho buturuka ku miterere yabyo yihariye:
Chromium (Cr): Iyo chromium iri mu cyuma kitagira umwanda iri ku kigero cya 12% cyangwa kirenzeho, firime idakora ya chromium oxyde (Cr₂O₃), ifite ubugari bwa 0.01-0.03μm gusa, irakora iyo ihuye n'umwuka cyangwa ahantu hangiza. Iyi firime ifite imiterere ikomeye kandi ifatana neza, itwikira neza ubuso bw'umunyururu kandi igakora nk'icyuma gikingira, ikavana ibikoresho by'ibanze mu bintu bingiza nk'amazi, ogisijeni, aside na alkali.
Nickel (Ni): Kongeramo nikeli ntibyongerera gusa gukomera no kudahungabana kw'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'icyuma kidashonga, ahubwo binashimangira ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma kidashonga. By'umwihariko, icyuma kidashonga cya 316L gifite nikeli nyinshi (hafi 10%-14%) n'inyongera ya molybdenum (Mo), bikongera ubudahangarwa bwayo kuri iyoni za chloride (nk'umunyu mu bidukikije byo mu mazi) kandi bikarinda ingese.

2. Ubukorikori bugezweho: Uburinzi bwo hejuru bw'ubuso no kurwanya ingese mu nyubako
Uretse ibyiza by'ibikoresho by'ibanze, uburyo bwo gukora umunyururu w'icyuma kidashonga (stainless steel roller chain) burushaho kongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese:
Gusukura/Gusukura Ubuso: Urunigi rukorerwa isuku nziza mbere yo koherezwa kugira ngo bigabanye uduce duto two hejuru n'imyanya, bityo bigabanye aho ibintu bihurira n'ibintu byangiza. Bimwe mu bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nabyo bikorerwa isuku y'umwuga, bikongera ubukana bw'isuku y'ubuso kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya aside na alkali.
Imiterere y'umugozi n'umupfundikizo bitagira umugozi: Udupfundikizo dukorwa mu buryo buhuriweho kugira ngo hirindwe ingese ku migozi ikoreshwa mu gusudira. Hari ubwoko bufite udupfundikizo twa rubber cyangwa icyuma kitagira umugozi kugira ngo hirindwe ko ivumbi n'amazi byinjira mu cyuho kiri hagati y'umugozi w'umunyururu n'agace k'umugozi, bigabanye ibyago byo gufatwa n'ingese zo mu nda.

II. Akamaro gafatika ko kurwanya ingese: Kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ubuzima ku baguzi mpuzamahanga

Ku baguzi b'inzobere, ikintu nyamukuru gituma iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese ikora neza ni inyungu zo kwirinda ingese mu buryo buzigama kandi bugatuma irushaho gukora neza. Ugereranyije n'iminyururu isanzwe y'ibyuma bitagira umugese, agaciro kabyo mu gihe cy'ubuzima bwabyo kagaragarira mu bintu bitatu by'ingenzi:

1. Igihe kirekire cyo gukora no kugabanya inshuro zo gusimbuza

Mu bidukikije byangiza, iminyururu isanzwe ya karuboni ishobora kugira ikibazo cyo gucika no kwangirika bitewe n’ingese mu mezi 1-3. Ariko, iminyururu ya karuboni ishobora kongera igihe cyo kuyikora kugeza ku myaka 1-3, cyangwa irenga. Urugero, mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa, imiyoboro y’ikorwa isaba gusukurwa kenshi ibikoresho birimo aside na alkali. Iminyururu 304 ya karuboni ishobora kwihanganira iyi miti inshuro 3-5 mu cyumweru, bikuraho ihagarara ry’umusaruro n’ibindi bicuruzwa bitewe n’ingese, kandi bikagabanya igihombo cya buri gihe inshuro 3-5 mu mwaka.

2. Igabanuka ry'ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga n'umurimo

Iminyururu y'ibyuma bizingira ifu idasaba gukoresha amavuta arwanya ingese buri gihe, nkuko bisabwa ku minyururu y'ibyuma bizingira ifu. Ibi ntibigabanya gusa ikiguzi cyo kugura amavuta arwanya ingese ahubwo binagabanya n'akazi k'abakozi bashinzwe kuyatunganya. Urugero, muri sisitemu zo kohereza ibikoresho mu mazi, iminyururu y'ibyuma bizingira ifu idasaba ko hakorwa ingese buri kwezi no kuyisiga amavuta, mu gihe iminyururu y'ibyuma bizingira ifu idasaba isuku yoroshye buri mezi atandatu, bigabanyiriza amasaha yo kuyatunganya ho hejuru ya 80% buri mwaka.

3. Kugenzura ko ibicuruzwa bihora bihagaze neza no gukumira ibura ry'ibicuruzwa
Ingese ishobora kugabanya ubuziranenge bw'umunyururu, bigatera ibibazo nko gusimbuka amenyo no gukurura amakosa yo kohereza ibicuruzwa, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa. Mu buryo bwo gutwara ibintu mu nganda zikora imiti, uburyo iminyururu ikora neza mu byuma bitagira ingese butuma umunyururu ukomeza kuba nta ngese n'imyanda, bikarinda kwanduza imiti. Byongeye kandi, ubuziranenge bw'iminyururu yabo buhamye butuma ikosa ry'ingano y'icupa kuri buri icupa riri hagati ya ± 0.5%, rihuye n'amahame mpuzamahanga ya GMP.

III. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese: Gukemura ibyo inganda zikenera cyane
Imiterere y'ubushyuhe iratandukanye cyane mu nganda. Iminyururu y'ibyuma bitagira umugese, binyuze mu bikoresho bitandukanye n'uburyo butandukanye, ihura neza n'ibikenewe mu bihe bitandukanye. Ibi bikurikira ni ibice bine by'ingenzi bikurura cyane abaguzi mpuzamahanga:
Uburyo bwo gukoresha mu nganda Ibiranga ibidukikije byangiza Ibyiza by'ingenzi by'icyuma kitagira umugese
Gutunganya ibiribwa Amavuta yo gusukura aside na alkaline, ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe 304 Icyuma kidashonga: Kurwanya aside na alkaline, nta mwanda uhumanya
Ubuhanga mu by'inyanja Imashini itera umunyu no kwibira mu mazi yo mu nyanja 316L: Ingufu zirwanya chloride ion pitting, irwanya ingese mu mazi yo mu nyanja
Inganda zikora imiti n'imiti. Ibikoresho bisukura imiti n'imyuka ihumanya ikirere 316L/317: Birwanya ibintu bitandukanye bisukura imiti, nta mwanda uvamo.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye Amazi yanduye arimo sulfure n'uburozi bwa mikorobe 304/316L: Ingufu zirwanya uburozi bw'amazi yanduye, isuku yoroshye
Dufate urugero rw'uruganda rutunganya amafi rwo mu Burayi. Imirimo yarwo ihora ihura n'ubushuhe bwinshi n'umunyu mwinshi, kandi ibikoresho bisaba gusukurwa buri munsi hakoreshejwe umuti wa sodium hypochlorite. Mbere, hakoreshejwe iminyururu ya karuboni, iminyururu ibiri yagombaga gusimburwa buri kwezi, bigatuma amasaha ane yo gusimburwa buri gihe. Guhindura iminyururu 304 ya stainless steel roller bigabanya gukenera gusimburwa kuri imwe buri mezi 18, bikagabanya hafi $120.000 mu gihe cyo gusimburwa buri mwaka kandi bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ho 60%.

IV. Inama zo guhitamo: Ni gute wahitamo umuyoboro mwiza w'icyuma gifunga ibyuma bitagira umugozi ku bidukikije byangiritse?

Kubera ko bahura n’ubukana butandukanye bw’ingufu n’ikoreshwa ryazo, abaguzi mpuzamahanga bagomba gusuzuma ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi: “Ubwoko bw’Ibyuma Bihumanya,” “Ubushyuhe,” na “Ibisabwa ku Mutwaro” kugira ngo bahitemo ibicuruzwa bikwiye kugira ngo hirindwe gutakaza imikorere cyangwa kudakora neza bitewe no guhitamo nabi.

1. Hitamo Ibikoresho Bishingiye ku Byangiritse

Ku bijyanye n'ingufu nke (nk'umwuka utose n'amazi meza): Hitamo icyuma cya 304 kitarangirika, gitanga agaciro keza kandi gihuye n'ibisabwa muri rusange.

Ku birebana n'ingufu ziringaniye (nk'amazi yo gusukura ibiribwa n'amazi yanduye yo mu nganda): Hitamo icyuma cya 304L (cya karuboni nke, kigabanya ingufu hagati y'ibinyabutabire).

Ku birebana n'ingufu zikomeye (nk'umunyu upfundikira n'imiti ivangavanze): Hitamo icyuma cya 316L kitarangirika, kibereye cyane inganda zo mu mazi n'izikoresha imiti. Niba icyuma kirimo iron nyinshi za chloride, zamuka ugere kuri 317 kitarangirika.

2. Hitamo imiterere ishingiye ku bushyuhe n'umutwaro.
Ku bidukikije bishyuha cyane (urugero: ibikoresho byo kumisha, ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi > 200): Hitamo ubwoko bufite imitako y'icyuma kidashonga kugira ngo wirinde gusaza kw'imitako y'icyuma kidashonga. Nanone, genzura neza ko ibikoresho bidashobora gusaza cyane (ibyuma 304 bidashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi ≤ 800, Litiro 316 zishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi ≤ 870).
Ku bijyanye n'imizigo iremereye (urugero, gutwara ibikoresho biremereye, imizigo > 50kN): Hitamo iminyururu y'ibyuma biremereye bifite ibyuma binini n'imizigo ikomeye kugira ngo urebe ko imiterere y'ibikoresho ikomera kandi ikarwanya ingese.

3. Witondere ibyemezo mpuzamahanga na raporo z'ibizamini.
Kugira ngo ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa bugere ku bipimo by'isoko, ni byiza gushyira imbere ibicuruzwa bifite icyemezo cya ISO 9001 cy'ubuziranenge, icyemezo cya FDA ku bijyanye n'ibiribwa (ku nganda z'ibiribwa), n'icyemezo cya CE (ku isoko ry'i Burayi). Abatanga ibicuruzwa bagomba kandi gutanga raporo z'ibizamini byo kurwanya ingese, nko gupima umunyu (gupima umunyu mu gihe cy'amasaha ≥ 480 nta ngese) no gupima aside na alkali, kugira ngo harebwe imikorere nyayo y'ibicuruzwa.

5. Hitamo umuyoboro wacu w'icyuma gifunganye: Utanga uburinzi bw'igihe kirekire kuri sisitemu yawe yo gutwara

Nk'uruganda rwihariye mu gukora ibikoresho byo kohereza ibikoresho by'icyuma kidashonga, umuyoboro wacu w'ibyuma bidashonga ntutanga gusa ibyiza byo kurwanya ingese byavuzwe haruguru, ahubwo unatanga serivisi eshatu z'ingenzi zijyanye n'ibyo abaguzi mpuzamahanga bakeneye:

Umusaruro wihariye: Dushobora guhindura imiyoboro dukurikije porogaramu yawe (urugero, ingano yihariye, imitwaro, n'ibisabwa mu bushyuhe). Ingero zirimo imiyoboro ya 316L y'icyuma kitagira umugese ifite imiyoboro miremire ijyana ku mbuga n'imiterere idasize amavuta yo gutunganya ibiribwa.

Igenzura ry’Ubuziranenge mu buryo bwuzuye: Kuva ku kugura ibikoresho fatizo (hakoreshejwe ibyuma bitangiza ibyuma biva mu nganda zizwi nka Baosteel na TISCO) kugeza ku gutanga ibicuruzwa byarangiye, buri cyiciro gikorerwa isuzuma rya spray y’umunyu, isuzuma ry’imbaraga zo gukurura, no gupima neza uburyo bwo kohereza kugira ngo harebwe ko byujuje ibisabwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Serivisi yo Gusubiza Byihuse no Gutanga Serivisi Nyuma yo Kugurisha: Dutanga inama za tekiniki amasaha 24/7 ku baguzi mpuzamahanga. Dufite urutonde ruhagije rw'ibikoresho bisanzwe, dushobora kohereza mu minsi 3-5. Niba habayeho ibibazo by'ubuziranenge mu gihe cy'ingwate, dutanga serivisi zo gusimbuza cyangwa gusana ku buntu.