Uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta mu miyoboro ya roller chain

Uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta mu miyoboro ya roller chain

Mu buryo bwo kohereza amakuru mu nganda,iminyururu y'ibizingozikoreshwa cyane mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ibyuma, imiti, n'imashini z'ubuhinzi bitewe n'imiterere yazo yoroshye, ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bwinshi, no gukoreshwa mu buryo bwagutse. Ariko, mu gihe cyo gukora, ibyuma by'iminyururu, iminyururu, n'imizingo bihura n'ibibazo bikomeye byo kwangirika no kwangirika, kandi binagira ingaruka ku ivumbi, ubushuhe, n'ibikoresho byangiza, bigatuma igihe cyo gukora kigabanuka ndetse n'ibikoresho bikananirwa. Gusiga amavuta, nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kugabanya kwangirika k'umunyururu, kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gukora, no kongera igihe cyo gukora, bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ituze n'ubukungu bwa sisitemu yo kohereza amakuru. Iyi nkuru izasesengura uburyo busanzwe bwo gusiga amavuta mu minyururu kugira ngo ifashe abasomyi gufata ibyemezo bya siyansi bishingiye ku byo bakeneye.

I. Gusiga amavuta n'intoki: Uburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye bwo kubungabunga

Gusiga amavuta n'intoki ni bwo buryo bw'ibanze kandi bworoshye bwo gusiga amavuta ku minyururu y'imizingo. Ishingiro ryayo ni ugushyira amavuta ku ruhu rw'imizingo cyangwa kuyatonyanga ku buso bw'imizingo y'imizingo. Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa birimo amacupa ya peteroli, uburoso bw'amavuta, n'imbunda z'amavuta, kandi amavuta ni amavuta cyangwa amavuta yo gusiga.

Mu bijyanye n'imikorere, gusiga amavuta hakoreshejwe intoki bitanga inyungu zikomeye: Ubwa mbere, bisaba ishoramari rito, bikuraho ko hakenewe ibikoresho byihariye byo gusiga amavuta kandi bigasaba ibikoresho byoroshye byo gukoresha mu ntoki gusa. Icya kabiri, biroroshye kandi byoroshye, bigatuma ahantu hagomba gusimburwa hashingiwe ku mikorere y'umunyururu n'uko umunyururu ugenda. Icya gatatu, gusiga amavuta hakoreshejwe intoki ntibishobora gusimburwa n'ibikoresho bito, sisitemu zo kohereza amazi zikora rimwe na rimwe, cyangwa ahantu hafite umwanya muto aho ibikoresho byo gusiga amavuta byikora bigorana gushyiraho.

Ariko, gusiga amavuta hakoreshejwe intoki nabyo bifite imbogamizi zikomeye: Icya mbere, ubushobozi bwabyo bushingiye cyane ku nshingano z'umukoresha n'urwego rw'ubuhanga bwe. Gukoresha nabi, gukoresha nabi, cyangwa gushyira amavuta mu buryo budahagije bishobora gutuma ibice byabyo bisiga nabi, bigatuma byangirika. Icya kabiri, inshuro zikoreshwa mu gusiga amavuta zigorana kugenzura neza; inshuro nyinshi zituma amavuta atakaza, mu gihe kuyakoresha nabi bidashobora guhaza ibyifuzo byo gusiga amavuta. Amaherezo, kuri sisitemu nini zikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi kandi uhoraho, gusiga amavuta hakoreshejwe intoki ntibikora neza kandi biteza ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by'umutekano. Kubwibyo, gusiga amavuta hakoreshejwe intoki bikwiriye cyane ku bikoresho bito, gukwirakwiza amazi mu muvuduko muto, gukwirakwiza imiyoboro y'ibyuma bikoresha imigozi, cyangwa sisitemu zifite imikorere migufi yo kubungabunga.

II. Gusiga amavuta mu mazi: Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta mu buryo bwizewe kandi bugenzurwa

Gutobora amazi ni uburyo bwo gutobora amazi bukoresha igikoresho cyihariye gitobora amazi kugira ngo gitobora amavuta buri gihe kandi ku buryo bungana ku buso bw'imigozi n'amaboko, no ku migozi n'udupira tw'umunyururu. Igikoresho gitobora amazi ubusanzwe kigizwe n'ikigega cy'amavuta, imiyoboro y'amavuta, valve itobora amazi, n'uburyo bwo kuyihindura. Umuvuduko n'ingano byayo bishobora guhindurwa neza hakurikijwe ibipimo nk'umuvuduko w'imikorere y'umunyururu n'umutwaro. Muri rusange, inshuro imwe itobora amazi buri masegonda 10-30 niyo isabwa.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi byo gusiga amavuta mu mazi ni ugukora neza cyane, kugeza amavuta mu buryo butaziguye ahantu hakenera amavuta mu mazi, kwirinda imyanda no kugabanya ihumana ry'ibidukikije. Icya kabiri, inzira yo gusiga amavuta irahamye kandi ntigira ingaruka ku bikorwa by'abantu, itanga amavuta ahoraho kandi yizewe ku muyoboro w'amazi. Byongeye kandi, kwitegereza imiterere y'amazi mu mazi bituma habaho isuzuma ritaziguye ry'uko umuyoboro w'amazi uhagaze, bityo bigafasha mu kumenya ibibazo bishobora kubaho ku gihe.

Ariko, amavuta yo kwisiga afite imbogamizi zayo: Ubwa mbere, ntabwo akwiriye ahantu hakorerwa ivumbi, hakunze kwibasirwa n'imyanda, cyangwa hakagoranye, kuko ivumbi n'imyanda bishobora kwinjira mu gikoresho gitonyanga byoroshye, bigatera kuziba imiyoboro y'amavuta cyangwa bikanduza amavuta. Icya kabiri, ku minyururu y'imizingo yihuta cyane, amavuta yo kwisiga ashobora gukurwamo n'imbaraga zo gukurura, bigatuma amavuta ananirwa gukurura. Icya gatatu, igikoresho gitonyanga gisaba kubungabungwa buri gihe kugira ngo habeho uburyo bworoshye bwo gutonyanga no gukosora. Kubwibyo, amavuta yo kwisiga akwiriye cyane ahantu hakorera hakiri kare cyangwa hagati, hafite umutwaro uringaniye, kandi hasukuye cyane ku buryo bwo gutwara iminyururu, nk'ibikoresho by'imashini, imashini zicapa, n'imashini zidoda imyenda.

III. Gusiga amavuta mu bwogero: Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta mu mazi bukora neza kandi buhamye

Gusiga amavuta mu bwogero, bizwi kandi nka gusiga amavuta mu bwogero, bikubiyemo gushyira igice cy'umunyururu w'amavuta (ubusanzwe ni umunyururu wo hasi cyangwa uduce duto) mu gikoresho cy'amavuta kirimo amavuta yo gusiga. Iyo umunyururu w'amavuta urimo kugenda, kuzenguruka k'umunyururu kujyana amavuta yo gusiga ku buso bwo gukurura, mu gihe gusuka amavuta yo gusiga ku zindi ngingo zo gusiga, bigatuma amavuta yo gusiga ashyirwa ku zindi ngingo zo gusiga neza. Kugira ngo amavuta yo gusiga neza, urwego rw'amavuta mu bwogero bw'amavuta rugomba kugenzurwa neza. Muri rusange, umunyururu ugomba kuba uri munsi ya mm 10-20 muri amavuta. Ahantu henshi cyane byongera imbaraga zo gutembera no gutakaza ingufu, mu gihe ahanini cyane bitatuma amavuta yo gusiga ahagije.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi byo gusiga amavuta mu bwogero ni ubushobozi bwayo bwo gusiga amavuta mu buryo buhamye kandi bwizewe. Itanga amavuta ahagije kandi ahoraho ku munyururu w'urukiramende. Muri icyo gihe, amavuta asiga amavuta akora nk'ikintu gikonjesha, agakuraho ubushyuhe, akanafunga, bigabanye neza kwangirika k'ubushyuhe ku bice bimwe na bimwe no gukumira kwinjira kw'umukungugu n'imyanda. Icya kabiri, sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta ifite imiterere yoroshye, idasaba ibikoresho bigoye gutwara no guhuza, bigatuma ikiguzi cyo kuyatunganya kigabanuka. Byongeye kandi, ku bikoresho byinshi bikoresha iminyururu, amavuta yo gusiga amavuta mu bwogero atuma amavuta akoreshwa icyarimwe, bigatuma imikorere myiza yo gusiga amavuta irushaho kuba myiza.

Ariko, amavuta yo kwisiga mu bwogero bw'amavuta afite imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe: Ubwa mbere, akwiriye gusa iminyururu y'imizingo ishyizwe mu buryo butambitse cyangwa hafi ya bwose. Ku minyururu ifite inguni nini cyangwa ishyirwaho mu buryo buhagaze, urwego rw'amavuta ruhamye ntirushobora kwemezwa. Icya kabiri, umuvuduko wo gukora k'umunyururu ntugomba kuba munini cyane, muri rusange nturenze 10m / s, bitabaye ibyo, bizatera amavuta yo kwisiga cyane, bigatera ifuro rinini, bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kwisiga, kandi bikongera ibura ry'imbaraga. Icya gatatu, ubwogero bw'amavuta busaba umwanya runaka, bigatuma butagomba gukoreshwa n'ibikoresho bito. Kubwibyo, amavuta yo kwisiga mu bwogero bw'amavuta akunze gukoreshwa mu buryo butambitse, bukoresha iminyururu y'imizingo y'umuvuduko muto cyangwa uri hagati nka za mashini zigabanya umuvuduko, imashini zitwara imizigo, n'imashini z'ubuhinzi.

IV. Gusiga amavuta: Uburyo bwo gusiga neza cyane bukwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihuse kandi bukomeye

Gusiga amavuta hakoreshejwe pompe y'amavuta kugira ngo amavuta asunike neza, hanyuma agasukwa ku buso bw'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko nk'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amavuta unyuze mu miyoboro. Ubu ni uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta bwikora cyane. Sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta igizwe n'ikigega cy'amavuta, pompe y'amavuta, akayunguruzo, valve igenzura umuvuduko, imiyoboro, n'imiyoboro y'amavuta. Aho imiyoboro iherereye hashobora gushyirwa neza hakurikijwe imiterere y'umunyururu w'umuzunguruko kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ko imiyoboro y'amavuta ikwirakwira neza ku ngingo z'ingenzi zo gusiga nk'udupira, amaboko, n'imiyoboro.

Akamaro gakomeye ko gusiga amavuta mu mavuta ni uko amashanyarazi akoreshwa cyane. Ifu y'amavuta ifite umuvuduko mwinshi ntabwo igeza amavuta ku buso buhindagurika gusa, igakora firime y'amavuta ihamye kandi ihamye, ahubwo inatanga ubukonje ku mpande zombi, ikuraho ubushyuhe buterwa no gukaraba. Ibi bituma ikwiriye cyane cyane ku buryo bwo kwihuta cyane (umuvuduko wo gukora urenga 10 m/s), imitwaro iremereye, no gukoresha uburyo buhoraho bwo gukaraba imiyoboro. Icya kabiri, ingano y'amavuta ikoreshwa irashobora kugenzurwa cyane. Ingano y'amavuta aterwa ishobora guhindurwa neza binyuze mu imashini igenzura umuvuduko hakurikijwe ibipimo nk'umutwaro w'umunyururu n'umuvuduko, hirindwa imyanda y'amavuta. Byongeye kandi, gusiga amavuta mu mavuta bituma habaho umuvuduko ku buso buhindagurika, bikarinda neza kwinjira kw'umukungugu, ubushuhe, n'indi myanda, bikarinda ingese ibice by'umunyururu.

Ariko, ikiguzi cya mbere cy'ishoramari rya sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta ni kinini cyane, bisaba igishushanyo mbonera n'imitangire y'umwuga. Muri icyo gihe, kubungabunga sisitemu biragoye cyane; ibice nka pompe y'amavuta, imiyoboro, na filters bisaba igenzura n'isukura buri gihe kugira ngo hirindwe kuziba cyangwa kwangirika. Byongeye kandi, ku bikoresho bito cyangwa sisitemu zo kohereza amavuta zipakiye buhoro, ibyiza byo gusiga amavuta ntabwo ari byinshi, kandi bishobora no kongera ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho. Kubwibyo, gusiga amavuta apakiye akoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro y'imizigo ikora imigozi iremereye kandi isaba amavuta menshi cyane, nko mu mashini nini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro, ibikoresho by'ibyuma, imashini zikora impapuro, n'imiyoboro y'imizigo yihuta cyane.

V. Gusiga amavuta mu gihu: Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta mu buryo bunoze kandi buzigama ingufu

Gusiga amavuta hakoreshejwe umwuka ufunze kugira ngo amavuta asukemo utunyangingo duto tw’amavuta. Utu dunyangingo dushyirwa mu miyoboro tugera ku buso bw’umunyururu w’umuzingo. Utunyangingo tw’amavuta twivanga mu mfuruka y’amavuta ku buso bw’umunyururu, bigatuma amavuta asohoka. Sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta igizwe n’icyuma gitanga amavuta, atomizer, umuyoboro wo kuyatanga, imiyoboro y’amavuta, n’ibikoresho byo kugenzura. Ingano n’umuvuduko w’amavuta bishobora guhindurwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gusiga amavuta.

Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga amavuta yo kwisiga ni: gukoresha amavuta make cyane (uburyo bwo kuyasiga mu buryo buciriritse), kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'amavuta n'imyanda, no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyasiga; kugenda neza no kwinjira neza, bituma amavuta yo kwisiga agera mu cyuho gito n'uduce duto tw'umunyururu wo mu mugozi kugira ngo asuke neza kandi ahuze neza; no gukonjesha no gusukura mu gihe cyo kuyasiga, gutwara ubushyuhe butuma habaho gushyuha no kwirukana imyanda kugira ngo ahantu hasukuye hakomeze gusukurwa.

Imbogamizi zo gusiga amavuta mu gihu cy’amavuta ni izi zikurikira: icya mbere, bisaba umwuka ufunze nk'isoko y'amashanyarazi, kongera ishoramari ry'ibikoresho by'inyongera; icya kabiri, niba uduce tw'igihu cy'amavuta tudagenzuwe neza, dushobora gukwirakwira mu kirere byoroshye, bikangiza aho bakorera, bigasaba ibikoresho bikwiye byo kugarura; icya gatatu, ntibikwiriye ahantu hari ubushuhe bwinshi n'ivumbi, kuko ubushuhe n'umukungugu bigira ingaruka ku ituze n'ingaruka zo gusiga amavuta mu gihu cy'amavuta; naho icya kane, ku minyururu y'ibizunguruko iri mu buremere bwinshi, agahu k'amavuta gakozwe n'igihu cy'amavuta gashobora kutabasha kwihanganira igitutu, bigatuma amavuta ananirwa. Kubwibyo, gusiga amavuta mu gihu cy'amavuta birakwiriye cyane ahantu hakorera hatandukanye kuva ku muvuduko uri hagati kugeza ku muvuduko wo hejuru, umutwaro woroshye kugeza ku muvuduko uringaniye, n'ahantu hasukuye mu buryo bwo gusiga iminyururu, nk'ibikoresho by'imashini zikora neza, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, n'imashini nto zo gutwara. VI. Ibyitabwaho by'ingenzi mu guhitamo uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta

Uburyo butandukanye bwo gusiga amavuta bufite uburyo bwabwo bwite, ibyiza n'ibibi. Mu guhitamo uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta ku minyururu izunguruka, umuntu ntagomba gukurikira ibigezweho mu buryo buhumyi ahubwo agomba gusuzuma neza ibintu by'ingenzi bikurikira:

- Ibipimo by'imikorere y'uruhererekane: Umuvuduko w'imikorere ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi. Umuvuduko muto ukwiriye gukoreshwa mu gusiga amavuta n'intoki cyangwa mu gutonyanga, mu gihe umuvuduko mwinshi usaba amavuta akoreshwa mu gusiga amavuta cyangwa mu gutonyanga. Ingano y'umutwaro nayo igomba guhuzwa; ku bikoresho biremereye, amavuta akoreshwa mu gusiga amavuta cyangwa mu kwiyuhagira mu mazi ni yo akunda gukoreshwa, mu gihe ku bikoresho byoroheje, amavuta akoreshwa mu gusiga amavuta cyangwa mu gutonyanga ashobora guhitamo.

- Uburyo bwo gushyiraho n'umwanya: Iyo bishyizwe mu buryo butambitse kandi bufite umwanya uhagije, amavuta yo kwisiga mu bwogero ni yo akunda gukoreshwa; ku bikoresho bihagaze cyangwa bireba ahantu hato kandi bifite umwanya muto, amavuta yo kwisiga, yo kwisiga, cyangwa yo kwisiga mu bwogero ni yo akwiriye.

- Imiterere y'aho bakorera: Ahantu hasukuye hatuma hatoranywa uburyo butandukanye bwo gusiga amavuta; ahantu hari ivumbi, hakungahaye ku myanda, hakonje, cyangwa hangiza, amavuta ashyirwa ku mavuta agomba gushyirwa imbere, hakoreshejwe agapira k'amavuta gafite umuvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo hamenyekane imyanda kandi hirindwe ibibazo by'ubwandu biterwa no gusiga amavuta hakoreshejwe intoki cyangwa amatonyanga.

- Ibisabwa mu mikorere myiza no kubungabunga ibikoresho: Ku bikoresho bito no mu bihe by'imikorere ihoraho, amavuta yo kwisiga n'intoki cyangwa ayo kwisiga arahendutse; ku bikoresho binini no mu buryo buhoraho bwo gukora, nubwo ishoramari rya mbere mu gukoresha amavuta yo kwisiga ari menshi, gukoresha neza igihe kirekire bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyatunganya n'ingaruka zo kwangirika, bigatuma bihendutse.