Inyigo y'Urugero: Kongera Uburambe bw'Iminyururu y'Amapine

Inyigo y'Urugero: Kongera Uburambe bw'Iminyururu y'Amapine

Motoiminyururu y'ibizingoni "inzira y'ubuzima" y'imodoka itwara abantu, kandi gukomera kwayo bigena neza uburambe bw'imodoka n'umutekano. Gutangira no guhagarara kenshi mu gihe cyo gukora ingendo mu mijyi byihutisha kwangirika kw'iminyururu, mu gihe ingaruka z'ibyondo n'umucanga ku butaka bwo hanze y'umuhanda zishobora gutuma iminyururu ipfa vuba. Iminyururu gakondo itwara abantu muri rusange ihura n'ingorane zo gukenera gusimburwa nyuma ya kilometero 5.000 gusa. Bulhead, ifite uburambe bw'imyaka myinshi mu bijyanye n'imodoka itwara abantu, yibanda ku "gukemura ibibazo by'abatwara abantu ku isi yose ku burambe." Binyuze mu kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga mu buryo butatu mu bikoresho, imiterere, n'imikorere, bageze ku ntambwe nziza mu burambe bw'iminyururu itwara abantu ku mapikipiki. Inyigo ikurikira iragaragaza ubushishozi n'ingaruka zifatika z'iyi gahunda y'ikoranabuhanga.

I. Kuvugurura ibikoresho: Kubaka urufatiro ruhamye rwo kwangirika no kurwanya ingaruka

Ishingiro ry'uburambe ritangirira ku bikoresho. Iminyururu gakondo ya moto ikoresha ibyuma bito bidafite karuboni nyinshi kandi bifite ubukana buke (HRC35-40), bigatuma irushaho kwangirika kw'iminyururu no kwangirika kw'iminyururu mu gihe cy'imitwaro myinshi. Kugira ngo ikemure iki kibazo, Bulhead yabanje guhanga udushya mu isoko ry'ibikoresho:

1. Guhitamo icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gisukuye cyane
Ibyuma bya chromium-molybdenum alloy bifite karuboni nyinshi (bisimbuza icyuma gisanzwe gifite karuboni nkeya) bikoreshwa. Iki gikoresho kirimo karuboni 0.8%-1.0% kandi cyongeyeho chromium na molybdenum kugira ngo binoze imiterere ya metallographic—chromium yongera ubushobozi bwo kudashira ku buso, naho molybdenum yongera imbaraga zo gukomera, ikarinda umunyururu gucika bitewe nuko "ukomeye kandi woroshye." Urugero, umunyururu wa moto wa Bullead ANSI 12A usanzwe ukoresha iki gikoresho ku mapine n'imigozi yawo, bigatuma imbaraga z'ibanze ziyongeraho 30% ugereranije n'iminyururu isanzwe.

2. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ubushyuhe neza

Hashyizweho uburyo bwo guhuza uburyo bwo gukaraba no kuzimya + uburyo bwo gukaraba mu bushyuhe bwo hasi: ibice by'umunyururu bishyirwa mu itanura rya kaburizi rikoresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 920℃, bigatuma atome za karuboni zinjira mu buso bwa 2-3mm, hagakurikiraho kuzimya 850℃ na 200℃ uburyo bwo gukaraba mu bushyuhe bwo hasi, amaherezo biganisha ku mikorere y' "ubuso bukomeye n'umutima ukomeye" - ubukana bw'ubuso bw'umunyururu bugera kuri HRC58-62 (budashira kandi ntibushisha), mu gihe ubukana bw'umunyururu buguma kuri HRC30-35 (budashira kandi ntibuhinduka). Igenzura rifatika: Mu gace gashyuha ka Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba (ubushyuhe bw'umunsi 35℃+, guhagarara kenshi), igihe cy'ubuzima bwa moto za 250cc zifite uyu munyururu cyavuye kuri kilometero 5000 ku minyururu isanzwe kigera kuri kilometero zirenga 8000, nta guhindagurika gukomeye kw'iminyururu.

II. Udushya mu by'imiterere: Gukemura ibibazo bibiri by'ingenzi by'igihombo cy'"Uburiganya n'Ihindagurika ry'Ibintu"

70% by'ihungabana ry'iminyururu y'urukiramende bituruka ku gukururana kw'umunyu guterwa no "gutakaza amavuta" no "kwinjira mu mwanda." Bulhead igabanya cyane ubu bwoko bubiri bw'igihombo binyuze mu kunoza imiterere y'icyuma:

1. Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibice bibiri kidapfundikira amazi
Ireka gukoresha agace gasanzwe ka O-ring imwe, ikoresha imiterere ya O-ring + X-ring: O-ring itanga agace gasanzwe ko gufunga, ikarinda utuntu duto tw’ibyondo n’umucanga kwinjira; X-ring (ifite ishusho ya "X") yongera ubushobozi bwo guhuza n’udupira n’ibice by’iminyururu binyuze mu minwa ibiri, bigabanya gutakaza amavuta bitewe no guhindagura. Muri icyo gihe, "imiyoboro ifite imigozi" yakozwe ku mpera zombi z’agace, bigatuma agace gashobora kugwa nyuma yo gushyirwamo, bikongera ingaruka zo gufunga ku kigero cya 60% ugereranije n’inyubako gakondo. Isuzuma ry’ibintu bifatika: Gutembera mu misozi miremire y’i Burayi (40% y’imihanda y’amabuye), iminyururu gakondo yagaragaje gutakaza amavuta no gufunga iminyururu nyuma ya kilometero 100; mu gihe Bullead chain, nyuma ya kilometero 500, yagumanye amavuta arenga 70% imbere mu gace, nta mucanga winjiramo cyane.

2. Ikigega cy'amavuta gifite ishusho ya Pin + Umuyoboro muto w'amavuta: Yahumetswe n'amahame y'igihe kirekire yo gusiga amavuta mu ruganda rwo kohereza, Bullead ishyiramo ikigega cy'amavuta gifite ishusho ya silinda (ingano ya 0.5ml) imbere mu gipini, hamwe n'imiyoboro itatu ya micro-peteroli ifite umurambararo wa 0.3mm yatobowe mu rukuta rw'igipini, ihuza ikigega n'ubuso bw'ubushyuhe bw'urukuta rw'imbere rw'igipini. Mu gihe cyo guteranya, amavuta ashyushye cyane kandi aramba (ubushyuhe buri hagati ya -20℃ na 120℃) arashyirwamo. Imbaraga za centrifugal zikomoka ku kuzunguruka k'umuyoboro mu gihe cyo kugenda zisunika amavuta ku miyoboro mito y'amavuta, zikomeza kuzuza ubuso bw'ubushyuhe kandi zigakemura ikibazo cy' "kunanirwa gusiga amavuta nyuma ya kilometero 300 hakoreshejwe imiyoboro gakondo." Igereranya ry'amakuru: Mu bizamini byo kugenda ku muvuduko mwinshi (80-100km/h), umuyoboro wa Bullead wageze ku ruziga rwiza rwo gusiga amavuta rwa kilometero 1200, inshuro eshatu kuruta imiyoboro gakondo, hamwe no kugabanuka kwa 45% mu kwangirika hagati y'igipini n'igipini.

III. Gutunganya neza ibintu + Guhindura imiterere y'akazi: Gutuma kuramba biba impamo ku bintu bitandukanye

Kuramba si ikimenyetso cy'uburyo bumwe bujyanye na byose; kigomba guhuza n'ibyo abantu bakeneye mu bihe bitandukanye byo gutwara. Bulhead igenzura imikorere y'uruhererekane ihamye mu bihe bitandukanye by'akazi binyuze mu "gukora neza kugira ngo habeho ubushishozi bwinshi + kunoza imiterere y'ibintu":

1. Ihuriro ryikora ryizeza ko Meshing ikora neza
Hakoreshejwe umurongo wa CNC wikora, imiterere y'imiyoboro y'uruhererekane, imiterere y'imizingo, n'uburyo bwo gufungana kw'ipine bigenzurwa mu gihe nyacyo: ikosa ry'imizingo rigenzurwa muri ± 0.05mm (igipimo cy'inganda ni ± 0.1mm), naho ikosa ry'imiterere y'imizingo ni ≤ 0.02mm. Ubu buryo bwo kugenzura neza butuma "nta mutwaro utari hagati" iyo umuyoboro ufatanye n'agace k'urukiramende - birinda kwangirika gukabije ku ruhande rumwe rw'umuyoboro bitewe no gutandukana kw'imizingo mu miyoboro gakondo, bikongera igihe cy'ubuzima muri rusange ho 20%.

2. Guhindura Ibicuruzwa Hashingiwe ku Miterere

Kugira ngo hakemurwe ibibazo bitandukanye byo gutwara abantu ku magare, Bulhead yashyize ahagaragara ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi:
* **Icyitegererezo cyo Gutwara Abantu mu Mijyi (urugero, 42BBH):** Umurambararo mwiza w'umuzingo (wiyongereye kuva kuri 11.91mm ukagera kuri 12.7mm), wongera agace gahuza umuyoboro, ukagabanya umutwaro kuri buri gice, ukamenyera imiterere y'umujyi ikunze gutangiriraho, kandi wongera igihe cyo kubaho ho 15% ugereranije n'icyitegererezo cy'ibanze;
* **Icyitegererezo cyo mu muhanda:** Ibyuma binini by'iminyururu (ubunini bwiyongereye kuva kuri 2.5mm kugeza kuri 3.2mm), hamwe n'impinduka zizunguruka ku ngingo z'ingenzi zituma umuntu ahangayika (kugabanya uburemere bw'imihangayiko), kugera ku mbaraga zo gukurura za 22kN (ibisanzwe mu nganda 18kN), bishobora kwihanganira imitwaro y'impanuka mu gihe umuntu agenda mu muhanda (nk'aho umuntu atangira kuzamuka no kugwa mu misozi miremire). Mu igeragezwa ryo mu butayu bwa Ositaraliya mu muhanda, nyuma yo kugenda mu birometero 2000 mu muhanda ukomeye, umunyururu wagaragaje uburebure bwa 1.2% gusa (umubare ntarengwa wo gusimbuza ni 2.5%), bidasaba ko habaho kubungabunga hagati mu rugendo.

IV. Isuzuma ry'Isi Nyayo: Igeragezwa ry'Ubudahangarwa ryageragejwe mu bihe by'Isi
Ivugurura ry'ikoranabuhanga rigomba kwemezwa mu bikorwa nyabyo. Bullead, ku bufatanye n'abacuruzi ku isi yose, bakoze ikizamini cy'amezi 12 mu turere dutandukanye tw'ikirere n'imiterere y'umuhanda: Imiterere y'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje mu turere dushyuha cyane (Bangkok, Tayilande): Moto 10 zo gutwara abantu 150cc, zifite urugendo rw'ibirometero 50 ku munsi, zageze ku buzima bw'umunyururu bwa kilometero 10.200 nta ngese cyangwa kwangirika. Imiterere y'ubukonje n'ubushyuhe buke (Moscow, Uburusiya): Moto 5 zo gutwara abantu 400cc, zigenda mu duce turi hagati ya -15°C na -5°C, ntizagaragaye ko zigenda kubera gukoresha amavuta make yo gukonjesha (adakonjesha kuri -30°C), zigera ku buzima bw'umunyururu bwa kilometero 8.500. Imiterere y'Imihanda Itari mu Misozi (Cape Town, Afurika y'Epfo): Moto 3 za 650cc zigenda mu muhanda, zikora urugendo rw'ibirometero 3.000 mu muhanda w'amabuye, zagumanye 92% by'imbaraga zazo zo gukurura umugozi, zifite 0.15mm gusa (isanzwe mu nganda ni 0.3mm).

Umwanzuro: Kuramba ni "kuzamura agaciro k'umukoresha." Iterambere rya Bullead mu kuramba kw'imodoka za moto si ugukusanya ikoranabuhanga rimwe gusa, ahubwo ni ugutunganya neza "kuva ku bikoresho kugeza ku bintu" - gukemura ibibazo by'ibanze byo "kwangirika no gusohoka byoroshye" binyuze mu bikoresho n'imiterere, mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika binyuze mu gukora neza no guhuza n'imiterere. Ku bashoferi ku isi yose, igihe kirekire cyo kubaho (impuzandengo yiyongereyeho 50%) bivuze ko ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza imodoka n'igihe cyo kuruhuka ari gito, mu gihe imikorere yizewe igabanya ibyago by'umutekano mu gihe cyo kugenda.