Umuyoboro wa roller ni igice cyo kohereza ibintu gikoreshwa cyane mu nganda. Imikorere yacyo ishingiye ahanini ku buryo bwo kugikora, kandi uburyo bwo gushyiramo carburizing ni ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere y'umuyoboro wa roller.
Uburyo bwo gukaraba urunigi rw'imizingo: urufunguzo rwo kunoza imikorere
Umunyururu w’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho ufata inshingano y’ingenzi yo kohereza ibikoresho bitandukanye bya mekanike. Ahantu hakorerwa akenshi ni heza kandi hahindagurika, hahura n’imbogamizi nko gutwarwa n’umutwaro mwinshi, gusaza no kunanirwa. Kugira ngo iminyururu y’uruhererekane ishobore kumenyera neza ibi bihe bikomeye no kongera igihe cyo kuyikoresha, inzira yo gushyiramo kaburimbo yabaye igice cy’ingenzi mu gikorwa cyo gukora iminyururu y’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho.
Amahame shingiro yo gukora carburizing
Gukoresha carburizing ni uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kunoza ubukana, kudashira no kudacika intege ku buso bw'icyuma mu gihe hagumana ubukomere bwiza no gukomera kw'imbere. By'umwihariko, umuyoboro w'ingufu ushyirwa mu buryo bukungahaye kuri karubone, maze atome za karubone zikinjizwa mu buso bw'umuyoboro w'ingufu ku bushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo habeho urwego rwa karubone nyinshi. Uko ubushyuhe bugenda bugabanuka, uru rwego rwa austenite ya karubone nyinshi ruzahinduka martensite ikomeye cyane, bityo bigatuma ubuso bw'umuyoboro w'ingufu bukomera.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gutunganya carburizing y'urunigi rw'imizingo
Gukoresha gaze: Ubu ni bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu gukoresha gaze. Umuyoboro ushyirwa mu itanura rifunze rya gaze, hanyuma hagashyirwaho agakoresho ka gaze kagizwe ahanini n'imyuka ya hydrocarbon nka methane na ethane. Iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije, iyi myuka irabora kugira ngo ikore atome za karuboni, bityo igatuma gaze ikora. Ibyiza byo gukoresha gaze ni uko byoroshye kuyikoresha, umuvuduko wo gushyushya vuba, igihe gito cyo kuyikora, ndetse no gushobora guhindura neza uburebure n'ubunini bw'urwego rwa gaze hakoreshejwe kugenzura ibipimo nk'imiterere ya gaze n'umuvuduko w'amazi. Ubwiza bwa gaze buhamye, byoroshye kuyigeraho hakoreshejwe imashini kandi ikora mu buryo bwikora, bigatuma imirimo irushaho kuba myiza.
Gukoresha kaburimbo mu mazi: Gukoresha kaburimbo mu mazi ni ukwinjiza umuyoboro w'amazi mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza kaburimbo mu mazi. Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa birimo kaburimbo ya silikoni, "603″ carburizing agent", nibindi. Ku bushyuhe bukwiye, atome za karuboni zirashonga mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza kaburimbo zikinjira mu buso bw'umuyoboro w'amazi. Akamaro ko gukoresha kaburimbo mu mazi ni uko ukwezi gukora ari kugufi, kandi kuzimya bishobora gukorwa ako kanya nyuma yo gukoresha kaburimbo nta mpungenge ku bijyanye no gutwika no gukuramo kaburimbo mu mazi. Ubushyuhe n'igihe biroroshye kugenzura, ubushyuhe buringaniye, kandi guhinduka kw'ibikoresho bishobora kugabanuka neza. Ibikoresho nabyo biroroshye. Ariko, imikorere yabyo ni mibi kandi akenshi biberanye no gukora igice kimwe cyangwa igice gito.
Gukoresha kaburimbo ikomeye: Ubu ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha kaburimbo. Umunyururu ushyirwa mu gasanduku gafunze kaburimbo hamwe n’igikoresho gifunze cya kaburimbo ikomeye, hanyuma agasanduku gashyirwa mu itanura rishyushya hanyuma gashyushywa kugeza ku bushyuhe bwa kaburimbo kandi kagahora gashyushye igihe runaka, kugira ngo atome za karuboni zikore zinjire mu buso bw’umunyururu ucurangwa. Umunyururu ucunzwe muri rusange ugizwe n’amakara n’ibindi bikoresho bimwe na bimwe. Ibyiza by’ubu buryo ni imikorere yoroshye, ibisabwa bike mu bya tekiniki, kudakenera ibikoresho byihariye, amasoko menshi y’ibikoresho bicungwa kandi bishobora gutegurwa wenyine, hamwe n’uburyo bwinshi bwo kubikoresha. Ariko kandi ingaruka mbi ziragaragara. Ubwiza bwa kaburimbo buroroshye kugenzura neza, imiterere y’akazi ni mibi, imbaraga ni nyinshi, ukwezi gukora ni kure, ikiguzi ni kinini, kandi ingano y’ikura ry’ingano ni nini mu gihe cyo gukoresha kaburimbo. Ku bindi bikoresho by’ingenzi, kuzimya mu buryo butaziguye akenshi ntibikoreshwa.
Ibintu by'ingenzi mu gukora carburizing y'uruhererekane rw'imizingo
Ubushyuhe n'igihe cyo gukaranga kaburimbo: Ubushyuhe bwo gukaranga kaburimbo muri rusange buri hagati ya 900℃ na 950℃. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora kwihutisha umuvuduko wo gukwirakwira kwa atome za karuboni no kugabanya igihe cyo gukaranga kaburimbo, ariko icyarimwe bishobora no gutera gukura kw'ibinyampeke no kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umunyururu w'urukiramende. Igihe cyo gukaranga kaburimbo kigenwa hakurikijwe uburebure bw'urwego rwa kaburimbo busabwa, akenshi kuva ku masaha make kugeza ku masaha menshi. Urugero, kuri zimwe mu nsinga zigenda zikenera urwego rwa kaburimbo rugufi, bishobora gufata amasaha make gusa, mu gihe kuri za nsinga zigenda zikenera urwego rwa kaburimbo rwimbitse, bishobora gufata amasaha menshi yo gukaranga kaburimbo. Mu ikorwa nyaryo, ni ngombwa kugena ubushyuhe bwiza bwa kaburimbo n'igihe binyuze mu igerageza n'uburambe bushingiye ku bintu nk'ibikoresho byihariye, ingano n'imikorere y'umunyururu w'urukiramende.
Kugenzura ubushobozi bwa karuboni: Ubushobozi bwa karuboni busobanura ubushobozi bw'igikoresho gitanga karuboni mu gutanga atome za karuboni ku buso bw'igikoresho. Kugenzura neza ubushobozi bwa karuboni ni ingenzi mu kubona urwego rwiza rwa karuboni. Ubushobozi bwa karuboni bwinshi cyane butuma karuboni zo mu bwoko bwa 'network carbides' zigaragara ku buso bw'umunyururu, bigabanye imbaraga zawo zo kunanirwa; ubushobozi bwa karuboni buke cyane butuma uburebure bw'urwego rwa karuboni budahagije kandi ntibushobore kuzuza ibisabwa mu mikorere. Ubusanzwe, ibikoresho nka ogisijeni n'ibikoresho bipima gaze bya infrared bikoreshwa mu kugenzura ikirere kiri mu itanura mu gihe nyacyo, kandi ubushobozi bwa karuboni buhindurwa mu gihe hakurikijwe ibyavuye mu igenzura kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ubunini bwa karuboni buri mu rugero rwiza, kugira ngo haboneke urwego rumwe kandi rwiza rwa karuboni. Byongeye kandi, hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kwigana mudasobwa, icyitegererezo cyo gukwirakwiza ubushobozi bwa karuboni gishobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo gishushanye impinduka mu bunini bwa karuboni n'impinduka mu bunini bwa karuboni hakurikijwe ibipimo bitandukanye by'imikorere, gihanure ingaruka za karuboni mbere y'igihe, gitange ishingiro rya siyansi ryo kunoza imikorere, kandi kirusheho kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya karuboni.
Gukonjesha no kuzimya: Nyuma yo gukaraba, umuyoboro w'ingunguru akenshi ugomba gukonjeshwa vuba no kuzimya kugira ngo habeho imiterere ya martensitic no kunoza ubukana bw'ubuso. Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kuzimya birimo amavuta, amazi, amazi yo kuzimya polymer, nibindi. Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kuzimya polymer bifite igipimo n'imiterere bitandukanye byo gukonjesha, kandi bigomba gutoranywa neza hakurikijwe ibikoresho n'imikorere y'umuyoboro w'ingunguru. Urugero, kuri zimwe mu ngunguru nto z'ingunguru, kuzimya amavuta bishobora gukoreshwa; ku miyoboro minini y'ingunguru cyangwa imiyoboro y'ingunguru ifite ibisabwa byo gukomera cyane, kuzimya amazi cyangwa amazi yo kuzimya polymer bishobora gukoreshwa. Nyuma yo kuzimya, umuyoboro w'ingunguru nawo ugomba kuzunga kugira ngo ukureho imbaraga z'imbere ziterwa no kuzimya no kunoza ubukana bwazo. Ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya muri rusange buri hagati ya 150℃ na 200℃, kandi igihe cyo kuzimya kigenwa hakurikijwe ibintu nk'ingano y'umuyoboro w'ingunguru n'ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya, akenshi bifata isaha 1 kugeza kuri 2.
Guhitamo ibikoresho by'umunyururu w'ibizingo no guhuza uburyo bwo gushyiramo kaburimbo
Ibikoresho by'umunyururu uzunguruka akenshi ni icyuma gito cya karuboni cyangwa icyuma gito cya karuboni, nk'icyuma cya 20, 20CrMnTi, nibindi. Ibi bikoresho bifite plasticity nziza kandi bikomeye, kandi bishobora gukora urwego rwa karuboni rwiza mu gihe cyo gukaraba. Dufashe urugero rwa 20CrMnTi, birimo ibintu nka chromium, manganese na titaniyumu. Ibi bintu bya karuboni ntibishobora kongera imbaraga n'ubukomere bw'icyuma gusa, ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku bukomere bwacyo mu gihe cyo gukaraba. Mbere yo gukaraba, umunyururu uzunguruka ugomba gusukurwa neza, nko gukaraba cyangwa gutwika umucanga, kugira ngo ukureho ogiside zo hejuru n'umwanda kugira ngo inzira yo gukaraba igende neza.
Uburyo bwo gushyiramo kaburimbo butuma umuyoboro w'ibizingo urushaho gukora neza
Ubukomere n'ubudahangarwa: Nyuma yo gukoresha carburite, ubukomere bw'ubuso bw'umunyururu w'amenyo bushobora kongerwa cyane, akenshi kugeza kuri HRC58 kugeza kuri 64. Ibi bituma ishobora kurwanya neza ibibazo nko kwangirika kw'amenyo, gufatana no gupfunyika mu bihe bikomeye byo gukora nko kwihuta cyane, imitwaro iremereye no gutangira kenshi, kandi yongereye cyane igihe cyo kuyikoresha. Urugero, iminyururu y'amenyo ikoreshwa mu mashini nini zicukura yarushijeho kunoza cyane ubudahangarwa bwayo nyuma yo gukoresha carburite, kandi ishobora gutwara ibikoresho mu buryo buhamye igihe kirekire, bigabanya umubare w'ibikoresho bifungwa no gusana biterwa no kwangirika kw'umunyururu.
Umusaruro wo kurwanya umunaniro: Imiterere isigaye yo gukanda ikorwa n'urwego rwa kaburimbo hamwe n'imiterere myiza y'urwego rwo hejuru bifasha kunoza imikorere yo kurwanya umunaniro w'uruhererekane rw ...
Imiterere yuzuye ya mekanike: Uburyo bwo gushyiramo kaburimbo ntibutuma gusa ubuso bw'umunyururu w'imashini burushaho gukora neza, ahubwo bunakomeza gukomera neza kw'imbere. Muri ubu buryo, iyo umunyururu w'imashini uhuye n'imizigo ikomeye, ushobora gufata neza no gukwirakwiza ingufu no kwirinda ibibazo byo kwangirika nko kuvunika bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'imihangayiko yo mu gace runaka. Umunyururu w'imashini ushobora kugaragaza imiterere myiza ya mekanike mu buryo butandukanye kandi ugahura n'ibikenewe mu gutwara ibikoresho bitandukanye bya mekanike.
Igenzura ry'ubuziranenge n'igenzura ry'iminyururu ya kaburimbo
Igenzura ry'ubujyakuzimu bw'urwego rwa kaburimbo: Isesengura rya metallographic rikunze gukoreshwa mu gupima uburebure bw'urwego rwa kaburimbo. Nyuma yo gukata, gukosora no kwangiza icyitegererezo cy'uruhererekane rw'imizingo, imiterere y'urwego rwa kaburimbo igaragara hifashishijwe mikorosikopi ya metallographic kandi uburebure bwarwo burapimwa. Iki kimenyetso kigaragaza neza niba ingaruka za kaburimbo zujuje ibisabwa mu gishushanyo, ari ingenzi kugira ngo umunyururu w'imizingo ukoreshwe. Urugero, kuri zimwe mu minyururu zikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu bikomeye, uburebure bw'urwego rwa kaburimbo bushobora gusabwa kugera kuri mm 0.8 kugeza 1.2 kugira ngo buhuze n'ibisabwa mu kudashira no kudacika intege mu gihe cy'imitwaro myinshi.
Ikizamini cy'ubukomere: Koresha icyuma gipima ubukomere kugira ngo upime ubukomere bw'ubuso n'imbere by'umunyururu w'umuzingo. Ubukomere bw'ubuso bugomba kuba bwujuje urugero rwagenwe, kandi ubukomere bw'imbere bugomba kuba buri mu rugero rukwiye kugira ngo urebe ko umunyururu w'umuzingo ufite imikorere myiza. Ikizamini cy'ubukomere gikunze gukorwa ku rugero runaka rw'ingero, kandi buri gice cy'iminyururu y'umuzingo ikorwa gipimwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa buhamye.
Igenzura ry’imiterere ya metallographic: Uretse kumenya ubujyakuzimu bw’urwego rwa carburing, imiterere ya metallographic y’urwego rwa carburing igomba no gusuzumwa, harimo imiterere, ikwirakwizwa n’ingano y’ingano ya carburing. Imiterere myiza ya metallographic ishobora kwemeza imikorere y’umunyururu w’urukiramende mu gihe cyo kuwukoresha. Urugero, carburide nto kandi zikwirakwijwe neza zifasha kunoza uburyo umunyururu w’urukiramende udashira no kudacika intege, mu gihe ingano ikabije y’ingano ishobora kugabanya ubukana bwawo. Binyuze mu igenzura ry’imiterere ya metallographic, ibibazo biri mu nzira yo gushyiramo carburing bishobora kuboneka mu gihe, kandi ingamba zijyanye nazo zishobora gufatwa kugira ngo zikosorwe kandi zinoze kugira ngo harusheho kunozwa ireme ry’ibicuruzwa.
Umwanzuro
Uburyo bwo gushyira carburing mu minyururu y'imashini ni ikoranabuhanga rigoye kandi ry'ingenzi, rigira uruhare runini mu kunoza imikorere y'iminyururu y'imashini. Kuva mu guhitamo uburyo bwo gukora kugeza ku kugenzura ibintu by'ingenzi, kugeza ku guhindura ibikoresho no kugenzura ubuziranenge, imiyoboro yose igomba kugenzurwa neza kugira ngo umunyururu w'imashini ushobore kuzuza ibisabwa mu mikorere itandukanye. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo gushyira carburing mu minyururu buhora butera imbere kandi burushaho kunozwa. Urugero, gukoresha mudasobwa zigezweho hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana kuri interineti mu buryo nyabwo bizafasha mu kunoza uburyo bwo gushyira carburing mu minyururu, kunoza imikorere n'ubwiza bw'iminyururu y'imashini, no gutanga ibisubizo byizewe kandi binoze byo kohereza mu nganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-09-2025