Ibisabwa mu gusuzuma ubukana bw'umunyururu ugendanwa

Ibisabwa mu gusuzuma ubukana bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende: ibintu by'ingenzi n'amabwiriza ngiro
Mu rwego rwo kohereza ibikoresho mu buryo bwa mekanike, iminyururu y'imizingo ni ibice by'ingenzi byo kohereza ibikoresho, kandi imikorere n'ubwiza byabyo bifitanye isano itaziguye n'imikorere myiza n'ubwizerwe bw'ibikoresho bya mekanike. Nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gusuzuma ubwiza bw'iminyururu y'imizingo, ibisabwa mu gupima ubukana ntibishobora kwirengagizwa. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma mu buryo bwimbitse ibisabwa mu gupima ubukana bw'imizingo y'imizingo, harimo amahame ajyanye n'ibyo, ibintu bigira ingaruka ku buziranenge, n'uburyo bwo kunoza ubuziranenge, hagamijwe gutanga amakuru y'agaciro ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bagurishwa mu bucuruzi kugira ngo babafashe guhitamo ibicuruzwa byiza by'imizingo y'imizingo.

1. Akamaro ko gupima ubukana bw'umunyururu utembera

Iminyururu y'imizingo igira uruhare runini mu buryo bwo kohereza ibikoresho bitandukanye bya mekanike, nka moto, amagare, imashini z'inganda, nibindi. Inshingano yayo nyamukuru ni ukwihanganira umuvuduko no kohereza imbaraga, bityo ikaba igomba kugira imiterere myiza ya mekanike, harimo imbaraga zo gukurura, imbaraga zo kunanirwa, ubushobozi bwo kudashira, nibindi. Ubukomere, nk'ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'imiterere ya mekanike y'ibikoresho, bifitanye isano rya bugufi n'iyi miterere ya mekanike y'imizingo.
Isuzuma ry'ubukomere rishobora kugaragaza imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibikoresho by'umunyururu w'imashini. Urugero, ubukomere bwinshi akenshi bivuze ko ibikoresho bifite ubudahangarwa bwiza kandi bishobora kurwanya ubusaza mu gihe cy'igihe kirekire, bityo bigatuma umunyururu w'imashini ugenda neza kandi ugatuma ugenda neza. Muri icyo gihe, ubukomere bufitanye isano n'imbaraga zo gukurura umunyururu w'imashini. Umunyururu w'imashini ufite ubukomere bukwiye ushobora kugumana imiterere myiza n'ubudahangarwa iyo ushyizwe mu bukomere.

2. Ibisabwa bisanzwe mu gupima ubukana bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende

(I) Ibipimo ngenderwaho mpuzamahanga bya ISO 606:2015

ISO 606:2015 “Iminyururu migufi ikora neza, uduce duto n’uburyo bwo gutwara iminyururu” ni igipimo ngenderwaho gikoreshwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu gupima iminyururu, gikubiyemo igishushanyo mbonera, ibikoresho, gukora, kugenzura no kwakira iminyururu. Iri gipimo gitanga ibisabwa bisobanutse mu gupima ubukana bw’iminyururu ikora, harimo uburyo bwo gupima, aho igeragezwa ribera, urwego rw’ubukana, nibindi.

Uburyo bwo gupima: Igipimo cy’ubukana bwa Rockwell gikunze gukoreshwa mu gupima. Ubu ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ubukana bufite imiterere yoroshye yo gukora no kwihuta. Mu gihe cyo gupima, ibyuma by’iminyururu, imigozi n’ibindi bice by’umunyururu bishyirwa ku ntebe y’akazi y’igipimo cy’ubukana, umutwaro runaka urashyirwa, kandi agaciro k’ubukana kagenwa no gupima uburebure bw’aho umuntu ahagaze.
Aho ikizamini giherereye: Ibizamini by'ubukomere bikorerwa ku bice bitandukanye by'umunyururu w'urukiramende, nko ku buso bw'isahani y'urukiramende, umutwe w'agapira, nibindi, kugira ngo harebwe neza ubukomere bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende. Ibisabwa ku bukomere bw'ibi bice biratandukanye. Ubukomere bw'ubuso bw'isahani y'urukiramende muri rusange bugomba kuba hagati ya 30-40HRC, naho ubukomere bw'agapira bugomba kuba hafi 40-45HRC.
Ingano y'ubukomere: Ihame rya ISO 606:2015 rigena ingano y'ubukomere ijyanye n'iminyururu y'amapine y'ubwoko butandukanye n'ibipimo kugira ngo hamenyekane imikorere y'umunyururu w'amapine mu ikoreshwa nyaryo. Urugero, kuri zimwe mu minyururu mito y'amapine, ibisabwa ku bukomere bw'amapine y'amapine yazo ni bike, mu gihe iminyururu y'amapine ikoreshwa mu mashini ziremereye isaba ubukomere bwinshi.
(II) Igipimo cy'Igihugu cy'Ubushinwa GB/T 1243-2006
GB/T 1243-2006 “Iminyururu migufi itunganye n’imigozi yo kohereza ibintu” ni amahame y’ingenzi ku rwego rw’igihugu ku minyururu izunguruka mu Bushinwa, agaragaza mu buryo burambuye ishyirwa mu byiciro, ibisabwa mu bya tekiniki, uburyo bwo gupima, amategeko yo kugenzura, n’ibirango, gupakira, gutwara no kubika iminyururu izunguruka. Ku bijyanye no gupima ubukana, aya mahame afite n’ingingo zihariye.
Igipimo cy'ubukomere: Ihame rivuga ko ubukomere bw'umunyururu w'umugozi, umugozi w'ipine, agapira n'ibindi bice bigomba kuzuza ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe. Dufashe urugero rw'umunyururu, ubukomere bw'umunyururu muri rusange buri hagati ya 180-280HV (ubukomere bwa Vickers), kandi agaciro kayo gatandukana bitewe n'ibipimo n'imikoreshereze y'umunyururu w'umugozi. Kuri zimwe mu minyururu y'umugozi ikomeye cyane, ubukomere bw'umunyururu bushobora kuba buri hejuru kugira ngo buhuze n'ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa ryayo mu gihe cy'imitwaro iremereye, ingaruka n'ibindi bikorwa.
Uburyo bwo gupima n'inshuro zo gupima: Koresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gupima ubukana, nka Rockwell hardness test cyangwa Vickers hardness test, kugira ngo upime buri gihe ubukana bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende kugira ngo urebe ko ubukana bwawo bwujuje ibisabwa. Mu gihe cyo gukora, buri gice cy'iminyururu y'urukiramende gikunze gusuzumwa no gupimwa kugira ngo harebwe ko ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa muri rusange buhamye.

3. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku buryo ikizamini cyo gukomera kw'umunyururu w'urukiramende giteye neza

(I) Ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho byo gupima
Ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho byo gupima ubukana bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buziranenge bw'ibisubizo by'ibizamini. Iyo ubuziranenge bw'igikoresho cyo gupima ubukana butari hejuru bihagije cyangwa ibikoresho bitapimwe neza, bishobora gutera ihinduka mu bisubizo by'ibizamini. Urugero, ibibazo nko kwangirika kw'icyuma gipima ubukana no gukoresha nabi umutwaro w'igikoresho cyo gupima ubukana bizagira ingaruka ku gupima agaciro k'ubukana.
Gupima ibikoresho: Gupima buri gihe icyuma gipima ubukana ni kimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi kugira ngo umenye neza ko ikizamini ari ukuri. Koresha agace gasanzwe k'ubukana kugira ngo umenye neza niba ikosa ryacyo riri mu rugero rwemewe. Muri rusange ni byiza gupima icyuma gipima ubukana nibura rimwe mu mwaka kugira ngo umenye neza ko gipima neza.
Guhitamo ibikoresho: Ni ngombwa kandi guhitamo ibikoresho byo gupima ubukana bifite ubuhanga bwo hejuru kandi byujuje ubuziranenge. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho byo gupima ubukana buboneka ku isoko, nka Rockwell hardness tester, Vickers hardness tester, Brinell hardness tester, nibindi. Ku isuzuma ry'ubukana bw'umunyururu, Rockwell hardness tester ni yo ikunze gukoreshwa, ifite urwego runini rwo gupima kandi yoroshye gukoresha, kandi ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa n'ibizamini byinshi byo gupima ubukana bw'umunyururu.
(II) Gutegura ingero z'ibizamini
Ubwiza n'uburyo bwo gutegura ikizamini bizagira ingaruka ku buryo ikizamini cyo gukomera gikoreshwa. Iyo ubuso bw'icyitegererezo buteye nabi, bufite inenge cyangwa butaringaniye, bishobora gutera ibisubizo bitari byo cyangwa bidashoboka.
Gutegura icyitegererezo: Mbere yo gukora ikizamini cyo gukomera, igice cy’ikizamini cy’umunyururu ugomba gutegurwa neza. Ubwa mbere, menya neza ko ubuso bw’igice cy’ikizamini busukuye kandi ukureho amavuta, imyanda, nibindi. Ubuso bw’ikizamini bushobora gusukurwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo gusukura bikwiye hamwe n’uburyo bwo guhanagura. Ubwa kabiri, ku bice bimwe na bimwe bikomeye, gusya cyangwa gusiga irangi bishobora gusabwa kugira ngo haboneke ubuso bw’ikizamini burambuye. Ariko, hagomba kwitonderwa kugira ngo hirindwe impinduka mu miterere y’ibikoresho ziterwa no gusya cyangwa gusiga irangi cyane.
Guhitamo ingero: Ingero zihagarariye izindi zigomba gutoranywa mu bice bitandukanye by'urunigi rw'imizingo kugira ngo zipimwe kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ko ibisubizo by'ibizamini bishobora kugaragaza koko ubukana rusange bw'urunigi rw'imizingo. Muri icyo gihe, umubare w'ingero ugomba kuba uhagije kugira ngo uhuze n'ibisabwa mu isesengura ry'ibarurishamibare.
(III) Urwego rw'imikorere y'abapima
Urwego rw'imikorere y'abapima rugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo isuzuma ry'ubukana rikora neza. Abapima batandukanye bashobora gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha n'ubuhanga butandukanye, bigatuma ibisubizo by'ibizamini bitandukanye.
Amahugurwa n'impamyabushobozi: Abapima bahugurwa mu by'umwuga kugira ngo babamenyereze amahame, uburyo n'imikorere y'ibikoresho byo gupima ubukana no kumenya ubuhanga bukwiye bwo gupima. Abapima bagomba kuba bafite impamyabumenyi zijyanye n'ibyo basabwa kugira ngo bagaragaze ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora isuzuma ry'ubukana ku giti cyabo.
Ibipimo by'imikorere: Ibipimo by'imikorere n'inzira zihamye bigomba gutegurwa, kandi abapima bagomba gukora hakurikijwe ibipimo. Urugero, mu gihe cyo gushyiramo imizigo, hagomba gukorwa ibishoboka byose kugira ngo imizigo ikoreshwe neza kandi neza kugira ngo hirindwe kurenza urugero cyangwa gukurura ibintu bike. Muri icyo gihe, hagomba kwitabwaho guhitamo aho ikizamini giherereye no kwandika amakuru yo gupima kugira ngo hamenyekane neza kandi neza ko amakuru akurikiranwa.

4 Ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije

Ibintu bidukikije nk'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe nabyo bigira ingaruka ku igeragezwa ry'ubukomere. Ibipimo by'ubukomere akenshi bikorwa mu rugero runaka rw'ubushyuhe. Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane cyangwa hasi cyane, ubukomere bw'ibikoresho bushobora guhinduka, bityo bigahindura ibisubizo by'ibizamini.
Kugenzura ibidukikije: Mu gihe cyo gupima ubukana, ubushyuhe n'ubukonje bw'ahantu hakorerwa isuzuma bigomba kuguma bihamye uko bishoboka kose. Muri rusange, ubushyuhe bukwiye bwo gupima ubukana ni 10-35°C, kandi ubukonje ntiburenze 80%. Ku bikoresho bimwe na bimwe bishobora kwangirika cyangwa ibizamini byo gupima ubukana, bishobora kuba ngombwa kubikorera ahantu hahora ubushyuhe n'ubukonje.
Igenzura ry’ibidukikije: Mu gihe cy’isuzuma, imiterere y’ibidukikije igomba gukurikiranwa no kwandikwa mu buryo bufatika kugira ngo ingaruka z’ibidukikije zishobore kwitabwaho mu gihe cyo gusesengura ibyavuye mu isuzuma. Iyo bigaragaye ko imiterere y’ibidukikije irenze urugero rwemewe, hakwiye gufatwa ingamba ku gihe kugira ngo hakosorwe cyangwa hongerwe isuzuma.

4. Uburyo bwo kunoza uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bw'umunyururu utembera neza
(I) Kunoza imicungire y'ibikoresho byo gupima
Shyiraho dosiye z'ibikoresho: Shyiraho dosiye zirambuye z'ibikoresho byo gupima ubukana, wandike amakuru y'ibanze y'ibikoresho, itariki byaguzweho, inyandiko zo kubigenzura, inyandiko zo kubisana, nibindi. Binyuze mu gucunga dosiye z'ibikoresho, imiterere y'imikorere n'amateka y'ibikoresho bishobora kumvikana mu gihe, bigatanga ishingiro ryo kubungabunga no kubigenzura.
Gusana buri gihe: kora gahunda ihoraho yo gusana ibikoresho bipima ubukana, kandi ukore imirimo yo gusana nko gusukura, gushyira amavuta mu mavuta, no kugenzura ibikoresho. Simbuza buri gihe ibice bishobora kwangirika, nka indenter na micrometer vis by'icyuma gipima ubukana, kugira ngo urebe ko imikorere isanzwe n'uburyo ibipimo bikoreshwa.
(ii) Kongera imbaraga mu guhugura abakora ibizamini
Amahugurwa y’imbere: Ibigo bishobora gutegura amahugurwa y’imbere no gutumira impuguke mu gupima ubukana cyangwa abakozi ba tekiniki bo mu nganda zikora ibikoresho kugira ngo bahugure abapima ubukana. Ibikubiye mu mahugurwa bigomba kuba birimo ubumenyi bw’imitekerereze mu gupima ubukana, ubuhanga mu gukoresha ibikoresho, uburyo bwo gupima n’ubuhanga, gutunganya no gusesengura amakuru, n’ibindi.
Amahugurwa yo hanze n'ihererekanyamakuru: Gushishikariza abapima kwitabira amahugurwa yo hanze n'ibikorwa byo guhanahana amakuru mu by'amasomo kugira ngo basobanukirwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n'iterambere mu bijyanye no gupima ubukana. Mu guhanahana ubunararibonye n'abapima baturutse mu yandi masosiyete, bashobora kwiga uburyo bwo gupima buhanitse n'ubunararibonye mu buyobozi no kunoza urwego rwabo rw'ubucuruzi.
(iii) Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe
Gutegura inzira zisanzwe zo gukoresha (SOP): Dukurikije amahame n'ibisobanuro bifatika, hamwe n'uko ikigo gihagaze, shyiraho uburyo burambuye bwo gukoresha mu gupima ubukana. SOP igomba kuba irimo gutegura ibikoresho byo gupima, gutegura ingero, intambwe zo gupima, kwandika no gutunganya amakuru, n'ibindi, kugira ngo buri mupimi akore ikizamini mu buryo bumwe bwo gukoresha.
Kongera ubugenzuzi n'igenzura: Gushyiraho umuyobozi wihariye ugenzura inzira yo gupima ubukana kugira ngo arebe ko umupimisho akurikiza neza amabwiriza ya SOP. Gusuzuma no gusesengura buri gihe ibyavuye mu isuzuma, no gukora iperereza no gucunga amakuru adasanzwe ku gihe.
(IV) Tekereza ku ndishyi ku bintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije
Ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibidukikije: Bifite ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibidukikije, nka termometero, hygrometer, nibindi, kugira ngo bigenzure ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bw'ikirere cy'ibizamini mu gihe nyacyo. Huza kandi usesengure amakuru yo kugenzura ibidukikije n'ibyavuye mu isuzuma ry'ubukomere kugira ngo wige ingaruka z'ibidukikije ku isuzuma ry'ubukomere.
Uburyo bwo gukosora amakuru: Dukurikije ingaruka z'ibidukikije, shyiraho icyitegererezo gihuye cyo gukosora amakuru kugira ngo ukosore ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ubukana. Urugero, iyo ubushyuhe butandukaniye n'ubushyuhe busanzwe, agaciro k'ubukana gashobora guhindurwa hakurikijwe igipimo cy'ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho kugira ngo haboneke ibisubizo by'ibizamini nyabyo.

5. Uburyo bwo kugenzura niba ikizamini cy'ubukomere bw'umunyururu w'urukiramende ari ukuri

(I) Ikizamini cyo kugereranya
Hitamo icyitegererezo gisanzwe: Koresha icyitegererezo gisanzwe cy'umunyururu w'urukiramende cyangwa agace gasanzwe k'ubukomere gafite ubukomere buzwi kugira ngo ugereranye n'umunyururu w'urukiramende ugomba gupimwa. Ubukomere bw'icyitegererezo gisanzwe bugomba kwemezwa no gupimwa n'ikigo cyemewe kandi gifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru.
Kugereranya ibisubizo by'ibizamini: Mu gihe kimwe cy'ibizamini, kora ibizamini by'ubukana ku gipimo gisanzwe n'icyitegererezo kigomba gupimwa uko bikurikirana, hanyuma wandike ibisubizo by'ibizamini. Suzuma ubwiza n'ubunyangamugayo bw'ibizamini ugereranya ibisubizo by'ibizamini n'agaciro k'ubukana k'icyitegererezo gisanzwe. Niba itandukaniro hagati y'ibisubizo by'ibizamini n'agaciro gasanzwe riri mu rugero rwemewe, bivuze ko ubunyangamugayo bw'ibizamini by'ubukana ari bwinshi; bitabaye ibyo, inzira y'ibizamini igomba kugenzurwa no guhindurwa.
(II) Ikizamini cyo gusubiramo
Ibipimo byinshi: Kora ibizamini byinshi by'ubukana ku gice kimwe cy'ikizamini cy'umunyururu umwe, kandi ugerageze kugumana imiterere imwe y'ikizamini n'uburyo bwo gukora kuri buri kizamini. Andika ibisubizo bya buri kizamini hanyuma ubare ibipimo by'imibare nk'agaciro mpuzandengo n'itandukaniro risanzwe ry'ibisubizo by'ikizamini.
Suzuma ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo: Dukurikije ibisubizo by'ikizamini cyo gusubiramo ubushobozi, suzuma ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo ubushobozi n'ubudahangarwa bw'ikizamini cyo gukomera. Muri rusange, niba uburyo busanzwe bwo gusubiramo ubushobozi bw'ikizamini cy'imbaraga ari buto, bivuze ko ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo ubushobozi bw'ikizamini cyo gukomera ari bwiza kandi ko ukuri kw'ikizamini ari hejuru. Ahubwo, niba uburyo busanzwe bwo gusubiramo ubushobozi bw'ikizamini ari bunini, hashobora kubaho ibikoresho by'ikizamini bidahindagurika, imikorere idahindagurika y'ikizamini cyangwa ibindi bintu bigira ingaruka ku buryo ikizamini gihagaze neza.
(III) Igenzura ryakozwe n'ikigo cy'ibizamini cy'uruhande rwa gatatu
Hitamo ikigo cyemewe: Shiraho ikigo cy’ibizamini cy’umuntu wa gatatu cyujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo gipime kandi kigenzure ubukana bw’urunigi rw’ibizingo. Ibi bigo akenshi bifite ibikoresho bigezweho byo gupima n’abatekinisiye b’inzobere, bishobora gupima hakurikijwe amahame n’ibipimo bihamye, kandi bigatanga raporo z’ibizamini zizewe kandi zizewe.
Kugereranya no gusesengura ibisubizo: Gereranya kandi usesengure ibyavuye mu isuzuma ry’ubukana mu kigo n’ibyavuye mu isuzuma ry’ikigo cya gatatu. Niba ibisubizo hagati yabyo byombi bihuye cyangwa itandukaniro riri mu rugero rwemewe, bishobora gufatwa nk'aho ukuri kw'isuzuma ry’ubukana mu kigo ari hejuru; niba hari itandukaniro rinini, ni ngombwa gushaka impamvu no kunoza.

6. Isesengura ry'urubanza nyakuri

(I) Inkomoko y'urubanza
Uruganda rukora imigozi y'uruhererekane rw'amapine ruherutse kwakira ibitekerezo by'abakiriya ko itsinda ry'imigozi y'uruhererekane rw'amapine yakozwe na rwo rwagize ibibazo nko kwangirika cyane no kwangirika mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha. Isosiyete yabanje gukeka ko ubukana bw'imigozi y'uruhererekane bw'amapine butujuje ibisabwa, bigatuma imiterere yayo igabanuka. Kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu, isosiyete yahisemo gukora isuzuma ry'ubukana n'isesengura ku itsinda ry'imigozi y'uruhererekane rw'amapine.
(II) Uburyo bwo gupima ubukomere
Guhitamo ingero: Iminyururu 10 y'imizingo yatoranijwe mu buryo butunguranye mu itsinda nk'ingero z'igerageza, kandi ingero zafashwe mu mapine y'imizingo, imisumari n'ibindi bice bya buri munyururu w'imizingo.
Ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo gupima: Igipimo cy'ubukana cya Rockwell cyakoreshejwe mu gupima. Dukurikije uburyo bwo gupima busabwa n'ibipimo bya GB/T 1243-2006, ubukana bw'ibipimo byapimwe hifashishijwe umutwaro ukwiye n'ahantu hakwiye ho gupima.
Ibisubizo by'ibizamini: Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bigaragaza ko ubukana bw'umunyururu w'uru ruhererekane rw'iminyururu ari 35HRC, naho ubukana bw'umunyururu w'iminyururu ni 38HRC, ari na byo biri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'urwego rw'ubukana busabwa n'ibisanzwe (umunyururu w'iminyururu 40-45HRC, umunyururu w'iminyururu 45-50HRC).
(III) Isesengura ry'impamvu n'ingamba zo gukemura ikibazo
Isesengura ry’impamvu: Binyuze mu iperereza n’isesengura ry’uburyo bwo gukora, byagaragaye ko hari ibibazo mu buryo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bw’iyi migozi y’uruhererekane rw’ibizingo, bigatuma ubukana budahagije. Kudakoresha igihe gihagije cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe no kugenzura ubushyuhe nabi ni byo mpamvu nyamukuru.
Ibipimo by'umuti: Isosiyete yahinduye vuba ibipimo by'uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe, yongera igihe cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe, inashimangira uburyo ubushyuhe bugenzurwa. Isuzuma ry'ubukana bw'umunyururu wongeye gukorwa ryagaragaje ko ubukana bw'umunyururu bwageze kuri 42HRC n'ubukana bw'umunyururu wo hejuru bugera kuri 47HRC, byujuje ibisabwa bisanzwe. Umunyururu woroshye wakozwe neza nta bibazo nk'ibyo wagize mu gihe cyo gukoresha abakiriya, kandi kunyurwa kw'abakiriya kwarushijeho kuba kwiza.

7. Incamake

Ibisabwa ku isuzuma ry’ubukana bw’umunyururu w’urukiramende ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hamenyekane ubuziranenge n’imikorere yabyo. Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga n’ay’igihugu yatanze amabwiriza asobanutse ku buryo, aho bikorerwa, n’uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bw’umunyururu w’urukiramende. Hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku isuzuma ry’ubukana bw’umunyururu w’urukiramende, harimo ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho byo gupima, gutegura ingero z’ibizamini, urwego rw’imikorere y’abapima, n’ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije. Ubuziranenge bw’isuzuma ry’ubukana bw’umunyururu w’urukiramende bushobora kunozwa neza binyuze mu kunoza imicungire y’ibikoresho byo gupima, gushimangira amahugurwa y’abapima, gushyiraho uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe, no gutekereza ku kwishyura ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije. Muri icyo gihe, ubuziranenge bw’isuzuma ry’ubukana bushobora kwemezwa hakoreshejwe uburyo nko gupima kugereranya, gupima ko bishobora gusubiramo, no kugenzura ibikorwa by’ibigo bipima.
Mu musaruro nyakuri no mu ikoreshwa ryawo, ibigo bigomba gukurikiza amabwiriza ajyanye no gukora isuzuma ry’ubukana bw’iminyururu kugira ngo birebe neza kandi byizewe ko ibisubizo by’ibizamini ari ukuri kandi byizerwa. Ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bagurisha iminyururu, iyo bahisemo abacuruza iminyururu, bagomba kwita ku bushobozi bwabo bwo gupima ubukana n’urwego rwo kugenzura ubuziranenge, kandi bagasaba abatanga iminyururu gutanga raporo nyayo z’isuzuma ry’ubukana n’inyandiko zijyanye nabyo zemeza ubukana. Guhitamo ibicuruzwa by’iminyururu byujuje ibisabwa n’ubukana ni byo byonyine bishobora kwemezwa ko imikorere isanzwe n’ubuzima bw’ibikoresho bya mekanike, ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga no gusimbuza giterwa n’ibibazo by’ubukana bw’iminyururu bishobora kugabanuka, umusaruro n’inyungu z’ubukungu by’ibigo bishobora kunozwa, kandi isura nziza y’ikigo n’izina ry’ikirango bishobora gushyirwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga.