Isesengura ryuzuye ry'uburyo bwo gucura neza imiyoboro ya roller chain: Ibanga ry'ubwiza kuva ku bikoresho fatizo kugeza ku bicuruzwa byarangiye
Mu nganda zitwara amashanyarazi, ubwizerwe bwaiminyururu y'ibizingoIgena mu buryo butaziguye imikorere myiza n'igihe cy'ibikoresho by'umuyoboro w'imashini ukorerwamo. Nk'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu gukora ibice by'umuyoboro w'imashini, gutunganya neza, hamwe n'akamaro kayo ka hafi ya net, bigeraho ku buringanire butunganye hagati y'ubuziranenge bw'ibice, imiterere ya mekanike, n'imikorere myiza y'umusaruro. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma inzira yose yo gutunganya neza umuyoboro w'imashini, ihishure amabanga ari inyuma y'imiyoboro y'imashini nziza.
1. Gutunganya mbere: Guhitamo no gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo mbere – Kugenzura Ubwiza bw'aho bikomoka
Ishingiro ry'ubuziranenge mu gukora ibikoresho by'ibanze ritangirana no guhitamo ibikoresho by'ibanze no kubitunganya mbere y'uko bivugururwa. Ibice by'ingenzi by'iminyururu izunguruka (iminyururu, imigozi, amasafuriya y'iminyururu, nibindi) bigomba kwihanganira imitwaro, ingaruka, n'ubusaza busimburana. Kubwibyo, guhitamo no gutunganya ibikoresho by'ibanze bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere y'umusaruro wa nyuma.
1. Guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo: Guhitamo icyuma gihuye n'ibisabwa mu mikorere
Bitewe n'uko umuyoboro w'ibyuma ukoreshwa (nk'imashini z'ubwubatsi, imashini zitwara imodoka, n'ibikoresho by'imashini zikoresha neza), ibikoresho fatizo bikunze gukoreshwa ni icyuma cy'imiterere ya karuboni cyangwa icyuma cy'imiterere ya alloy. Urugero, imiyoboro n'ibice bisaba ubushobozi bwo kwangirika no gukomera, akenshi hakoreshejwe ibyuma bya karuboni nka 20CrMnTi. Amasahani y'imiyoboro asaba imbaraga zihagije no kudacika intege, akenshi hakoreshejwe ibyuma by'imiterere ya karuboni nka 40Mn na 50Mn. Mu gihe cyo guhitamo ibikoresho, imiterere y'ibinyabutabire by'icyuma igeragezwa binyuze mu isesengura rya spectral kugira ngo harebwe ko ingano y'ibintu nka karuboni, manganese, na chromium ihuye n'amahame y'igihugu nka GB/T 3077, bityo birinda gucika cyangwa kudakora neza bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'ibice.
2. Uburyo bwo kuvura mbere: "Gushyushya" kugira ngo ucure
Nyuma yo kwinjira mu ruganda, ibikoresho fatizo binyura mu ntambwe eshatu z'ingenzi mbere yo kubitunganya:
Gusukura ubuso: Guturika amasasu bikuraho ubugari, ingese, n'amavuta ku buso bw'icyuma kugira ngo hirindwe ko imyanda ishyirwa mu gikoresho mu gihe cyo gucura no guteza inenge.
Gukata: Inkero zikozwe neza cyangwa CNC shears zikoreshwa mu gukata icyuma mo ibice bifite uburemere buhamye, ikosa ryo gukata neza rigenzurwa muri ± 0.5% kugira ngo harebwe ko ingano z'ibikoresho zihoraho nyuma yo gucura.
Gushyushya: Ifuru ishyirwa mu itanura rishyushya ry’ibikoresho riciriritse. Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe n’ubushyuhe bwa nyuma bwo gushyushya bigenzurwa hakurikijwe ubwoko bw’icyuma (urugero, icyuma cya karuboni gikunze gushyushya kugeza kuri 1100-1250°C) kugira ngo kigere ku rwego rwiza rwo gushyushya “rudahinduka neza kandi rudahinduka cyane” mu gihe birinda gushyuha cyane cyangwa gutwika cyane bishobora kwangiza imiterere y’ibikoresho.
II. Gutunganya Ishingiro: Gushushanya neza Imiterere ya Near-Net
Uburyo bwo gucura ibintu by’ingenzi ni ingenzi mu kugera ku musaruro w’ibice by’urunigi rw’imizingo “biciriritse cyangwa bitagabanyijwe”. Bitewe n’imiterere y’ibice, gucura ibintu by’imizingo n’ibice by’imizingo bikoreshwa cyane cyane, hakoreshejwe imashini zikoze neza n’ibikoresho by’ubwenge kugira ngo birangize igikorwa cyo gucura ibintu.
1. Gutegura ifumbire: "Uburyo bw'ingenzi" bwo kohereza neza
Ibikoresho byo gushushanya neza bikorwa mu cyuma gishyushye cya H13. Binyuze mu gusya CNC, gutunganya EDM, no gusiga, umwobo w'ibikoresho ugera ku buziranenge bwa IT7 n'ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bwa Ra ≤ 1.6μm. Ibikoresho bigomba gushyuha kugeza kuri 200-300°C kandi bigaterwa amavuta ya grafiti. Ibi ntibigabanya gusa kwangirika no kwangirika hagati y'aho hantu hadakoreshejwe ibikoresho n'ibikoresho, ahubwo binafasha gusenyuka vuba no gukumira inenge zifata. Ku bice bingana nka roller, ibikoresho bigomba kandi gushushanywa n'imiyoboro n'imyobo kugira ngo icyuma gishongeshejwe (aho hantu hashyushye) cyuzuze neza umwobo kandi gikureho umwuka n'imyanda.
2. Gutunganya: Gutunganya byihariye hashingiwe ku miterere y'ibice bigize
Gucuranga Roller: Hakoreshwa uburyo bwo "gucuranga bwa nyuma" bw'intambwe ebyiri. Ifu ishyushye ibanza gucika mu cyuma cyabanje gucuranga, ibanza guhindura imiterere y'ibikoresho no kuzuza icyumba cyabanje gucuranga. Ifu ihita yimurirwa mu cyuma cya nyuma cyo gucuranga. Mu gihe cy'umuvuduko mwinshi w'icyuma gishyushye (ubusanzwe gishyushya cyane gifite imbaraga za 1000-3000 kN), ifu ishyirwa neza mu cyuma cya nyuma cyo gucuranga, igakora ubuso bw'uruziga rw'icyuma, imbere mu mwobo, n'ibindi. Umuvuduko n'umuvuduko byo gucuranga bigomba kugenzurwa mu gikorwa cyose kugira ngo hirindwe ko icyuma gikoreshwa gicika bitewe no guhinduka gukabije.
Gucura Amaboko: Hakoreshwa uburyo bwo gucura no kwagura. Umwobo udafite aho ubohera ubanza gucurwa hagati mu gice cyo hagati hakoreshejwe icyuma gipfunyika. Hanyuma uwo mwobo waguwe kugeza ku bipimo byagenwe hakoreshejwe icyuma gipfunyika, mu gihe ukomeza kwihanganira ubunini bw'urukuta rw'amaboko bwa ≤0.1 mm.
Gutunganya Imbunda z'Umunyururu: Bitewe n'imiterere y'impapuro z'umunyururu zigororotse kandi zoroshye, hakoreshwa uburyo bwo "gutunganya ibyuma bihoraho mu buryo bwinshi". Nyuma yo gushyushya, ahantu hadakoreshejwe hanyura mu bice byo gushushanya mbere yo gushushanya, gushushanya bwa nyuma no gukata, byuzuza imiterere y'impapuro z'umunyururu n'imyanya mu gikorwa kimwe, hamwe n'umusaruro uva ku bice 80-120 ku munota.
3. Gutunganya nyuma yo gucura: Gutuza imikorere n'isura
Igikoresho cyakozwe mu buryo bw'ubucuzi gihita gikoreshwa mu kuzimya ubushyuhe cyangwa mu buryo busanzwe. Mu kugenzura igipimo cy'ubukonje (urugero, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukonjesha amazi cyangwa uburyo bwo gukonjesha bwa nitrate), imiterere y'icyuma cy'igikoresho irahindurwa kugira ngo habeho imiterere imwe ya sorbite cyangwa pearlite mu bice nka roller na bushings, binoze ubukana (ubukana bwa roller busanzwe busaba HRC 58-62) n'ubukana bw'umunaniro. Muri icyo gihe, imashini yo gukata yihuta cyane ikoreshwa mu gukuraho flash na burrs ku nkengero z'igikoresho, igenzura ko imiterere y'igice ihuye n'ibisabwa mu gishushanyo.
3. Kurangiza no Gukomeza: Kuzamura Ubwiza mu buryo burambuye
Nyuma yo gucukura igice cy’imbere cy’imashini, igikoresho kiba gifite ishusho y’ibanze, ariko inzira zo kurangiza no gukomeza zirakenewe kugira ngo harusheho kunozwa ubwiza n’imikorere yacyo kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa bikomeye byo kohereza imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi yihuta cyane.
1. Gukosora neza: Gukosora amakosa make
Bitewe no kugabanuka no kurekurwa n'imihangayiko nyuma yo gucura, ibikoresho bishobora kugaragaza itandukaniro rito ry'ibipimo. Mu gihe cyo kurangiza, hakoreshwa agakoresho ko gukosora neza kugira ngo hashyirwe igitutu ku gikoresho gikonje kugira ngo hakosorwe itandukaniro riri muri IT8. Urugero, ikosa ry'umurambararo w'inyuma w'umuzingo rigomba kugenzurwa munsi ya 0.02mm, kandi ikosa ry'umurambararo w'imbere w'umuzingo w'ishati ntirigomba kurenza 0.015mm kugira ngo hamenyekane ko urunigi rworoshye nyuma yo guteranya.
2. Gukomera ku buso: Kunoza kwangirika no kurwanya ingese
Bitewe n'aho ikoreshwa, ibikoresho byo gukoraho bisaba ko bikorerwa ku buryo bunoze:
Gutunganya no Kuzimya: Ibyuma bizimya n'ibice bizimya bishyirwa mu itanura rya kaburizi ku bushyuhe bwa 900-950°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 4-6 kugira ngo haboneke ingano ya karuboni yo hejuru ya 0.8%-1.2%. Hanyuma birazimwa kandi bigakonjeshwa ku bushyuhe buke kugira ngo habeho imiterere mito irangwa no gukomera cyane kw'ubuso n'ubukomere bwinshi bw'imbere. Ubukomere bw'ubuso bushobora kugera kuri HRC60, kandi gukomera kw'imbere ku buso ≥50J/cm².
Fosfati: Ibice nk'ibice by'uruhererekane bivangwa na fosfati kugira ngo bikore filime ya fosfeti ifite imyenge ku buso, bikongera uburyo amavuta afatwa neza kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese.
Gusohora amasasu: Gusohora amasasu ku gice cy'umunyururu bitera imbaraga zo gukandagira zisigaye binyuze mu gutera amasasu y'icyuma yihuta cyane, bigabanya gutangira kwangirika kw'umunaniro no kongera igihe cy'umunaniro w'umunyururu.
IV. Igenzura ryuzuye: Uburinzi bw'ubuziranenge bwo gukuraho inenge
Buri gikorwa cyo gucura neza gisuzumwa neza, hagakorwa uburyo burambuye bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge kuva ku bikoresho fatizo kugeza ku bicuruzwa byarangiye, bigaha agaciro 100% by’ubuziranenge ku bice byose by’urunigi rw’imizingo biva mu ruganda.
1. Igenzura ry'Ibikorwa: Gukurikirana Ibipimo by'ingenzi mu buryo nyabwo
Igenzura ry'ubushyuhe: Temometero zikoresha infrared zikoreshwa mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe bwa billet mu gihe nyacyo, ikosa rigacungwa muri ± 10°C.
Igenzura ry'ibihumyo: Umwobo w'ibihumyo ugenzurwa niba ushaje buri bice 500 byakozwe. Gusana isuku bikorwa ako kanya iyo ubuso burenze Ra3.2μm.
Igenzura ry'ingano: Imashini ipima ibice bitatu ikoreshwa mu gupima no kugenzura ibice byakozwe, yibanda ku bipimo by'ingenzi nk'umurambararo wo hanze, umurambararo w'imbere, n'ubugari bw'urukuta. Igipimo cy'ingero ntabwo kiri munsi ya 5%.
2. Igenzura ry'ibicuruzwa ryarangiye: Igenzura ryimbitse ry'ibipimo by'imikorere
Isuzuma ry'imikorere ya Mekanike: Gupima ku buryo butaziguye ibintu byarangiye kugira ngo bipimwe ubukana (Rockwell hardness tester), gupima ubukana bw'ingaruka (pendulum impact tester), no gupima imbaraga zo gukurura kugira ngo harebwe ko byujuje ibisabwa ku bicuruzwa.
Isuzuma ritangiza: Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic rikoreshwa mu gupima inenge z'imbere nk'imyenge n'imivuniko, mu gihe isuzuma ry'uduce twa magnetic rikoreshwa mu gupima inenge zo hejuru n'izo munsi y'ubutaka.
Isuzuma ryo guteranya: Ibice byujuje ibisabwa biteranywa mu munyururu uzunguruka kandi bigakorerwa isuzuma ry’imikorere ihindagurika, harimo no kumenya neza uko ibintu bikwirakwira, urusaku rungana, n’igihe umuntu ananiwe. Urugero, igice gifatwa nk’icyujuje ibisabwa gusa iyo kimaze gukora amasaha 1500 ku muvuduko uhoraho nta kibazo.
V. Ibyiza by'Inzira n'Agaciro k'Ikoreshwa: Kuki Gukora Isuzuma ry'Ubuziranenge ari cyo kintu cya mbere mu nganda?
Ugereranyije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo "gucura no gukata cyane", gucura neza bitanga inyungu eshatu z'ingenzi mu gukora iminyururu izunguruka:
Gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi: Gukoresha ibikoresho byazamutse kuva kuri 60%-70% mu buryo busanzwe kugera hejuru ya 90%, bigabanya cyane imyanda y'ibikoresho fatizo;
Umusaruro uhagije: Hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byinshi byo gucukura bidasiba hamwe n'ibikoresho byikora, umusaruro urushaho kuba mwiza inshuro 3-5 ugereranije n'ibikorwa bisanzwe;
Umusaruro mwiza cyane w'ibicuruzwa: Gucukura bikwirakwiza imiterere y'icyuma ku murongo w'ibishushanyo mbonera, bigatuma imiterere irushaho kuba myiza, bigatuma igihe cyo kunanirwa kigera kuri 20%-30% ugereranije n'ibice byakozwe mu mashini.
Izi nyungu zatumye iminyururu ikora ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa "precision forged roller chain" ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, nka "track drives" ku mashini z'ubwubatsi, "time systems" ku moteri z'imodoka, na "spindle drives" ku bikoresho by'imashini zikora ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa "precision". Byabaye ibice by'ingenzi by'ingufu bishimangira imikorere ihamye y'ibikoresho by'inganda.
Umwanzuro
Uburyo bwo gucura neza iminyururu izunguruka ni iherezo ry'uburyo buhuriweho buhuza ubumenyi bw'ibikoresho, ikoranabuhanga ry'ibimera, kugenzura ikoranabuhanga, no kugenzura ubuziranenge. Kuva ku bipimo bihamye mu guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo, kugeza ku kugenzura neza urwego rwa milimetero mu gucura neza, kugeza ku kugenzura neza mu igeragezwa ry'ibicuruzwa byarangiye, buri buryo bugaragaza ubuhanga n'imbaraga za tekiniki by'inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 24 Nzeri 2025