Uburyo bwo gukora imiyoboro ya 12B: Guhishura uburyo bwo gukora neza ibice by'ingenzi by'ingufu zo kohereza ibicuruzwa
Mu rwego rw’inganda zikora ibijyanye no gutwara no gutunganya ibikoresho ku isi, iminyururu ya 12B, ifite ingufu nyinshi, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu buhamye, no koroshya gushyiraho no kubungabunga, yabaye ingenzi mu gutwara ibikoresho by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ibikoresho by’ubuhinzi, na sisitemu zo gutwara ibintu. Kuba iminyururu ya 12B ikora neza mu gihe kirekire, ikora neza kandi ikora inshuro nyinshi, bishingiye ku buryo buhamye kandi bugezweho bwo gukora. Kuva ku guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku gutanga ibicuruzwa byarangiye, kugenzura neza buri cyiciro cy’ibikorwa ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hamenyekane igihe umunyururu umara, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu, n’ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ingaruka. Uyu munsi, turaza gusuzuma inzira yose yo gukora iminyururu ya 12B, dusobanure ibisobanuro bya tekiniki biri inyuma y’iyi “minyururu myiza.”
1. Iby'ibanze ku mikorere: Uburyo bwo gushyiramo imiterere n'uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho kuri 12B Roller Chain
Mbere yo gusuzuma ibisobanuro birambuye ku gikorwa, ni ngombwa kubanza gusobanura "icyitegererezo cy'imikorere" ku muyoboro wa 12B. Kubera ko umuyoboro w'itumanaho ukurikiza ANSI B29.1 (igipimo ngenderwaho cy'umuyoboro w'Abanyamerika) na ISO 606 (igipimo ngenderwaho cy'umuyoboro mpuzamahanga), ingano yawo y'ibanze, nka pitch (19.05mm), umurambararo wa roller (11.91mm), n'ubugari bw'igice cy'imbere (12.57mm), ni ibintu bisanzwe kandi bihoraho. Intego nyamukuru y'igikorwa ni ukugira ngo habeho umusaruro mwinshi binyuze mu bikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya mu gihe cyujuje ibi bipimo ngenderwaho.
1. Guhitamo guhuza ibikorwa by'ibikoresho by'ingenzi
Ibice bitandukanye by'umuyoboro wa 12B bisaba ibikoresho bitandukanye n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya mbere y'uko bitangira bitewe n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kubishyiraho:
Udupira n'udupira: Nk'ibice by'ingenzi mu ihererekanya ry'uruhererekane bihangana n'ingaruka no gushwanyagurika, icyuma cya SUJ2 gifite chromium nyinshi ya karuboni (kingana n'icyuma cyo mu rugo cya GCr15) kiratoranywa. Ibikoresho bigomba kubanza gukorerwa "spheroidizing annealing" mbere yo kuvura - gushyushya icyuma kugeza kuri 780-820°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 4-6, hanyuma bigakonjesha buhoro buhoro kugeza munsi ya 500°C. Ubu buryo bugabanya ubukana bw'ibikoresho (ubukana bwa Brinell ≤ 207 HB), bunoza ubushobozi bwo gukora, kandi bushyiraho urufatiro rw'imiterere imwe mu gihe cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe nyuma, bikarinda gucikagurika mu gihe cyo kuzimya.
Amasahani y'iminyururu n'ibice by'iminyururu: Amasahani y'iminyururu arakenewe kugira ngo yihangane n'imitwaro yo gukurura, bityo icyuma cya ST52-3 gifite aloyi nke ya karuboni (imbaraga zo gukurura ≥ 520 MPa) kirakoreshwa. Uburyo bwo "kuzimya no gushyushya" (kuzimya no gushyushya ubushyuhe bwinshi) butuma ubukana bwa HB220-250 bukomera, butuma ubukana bwabwo bukomera kandi bukagira urwego runaka rwo kwirinda kuvunika. Amasahani akozwe mu cyuma cya kaburimbo cya 20CrMnTi, hanyuma hagakurikiraho uburyo bwo gukurura kugira ngo byongere ubukana bw'ubuso kugira ngo bwihangane n'imigozi inyerera.
II. Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu by'ingenzi: Guhindura imiterere y'ibintu mu buryo bunoze kuva ku "bikoresho fatizo" kugera ku "bihuza imiyoboro"
Gukora iminyururu ya 12B ikora ibintu umunani by'ingenzi, buri kimwe gisaba kugenzura neza ibipimo by'imikorere kugira ngo harebwe ko ari inyangamugayo kandi ko imikorere ikora neza:
1. Gutunganya ibikoresho mbere yo kubitunganya: Gutunganya neza
Gukuraho ingese n'amavuta: Iyo winjiye mu iduka, ibyuma byose bibanza kunyuzwa mu bwogero bukuraho amavuta ya alkaline (50-60°C, bikabikwa mu mazi mu gihe cy'iminota 15-20) kugira ngo bikureho amavuta yo hejuru. Hanyuma bishyirwa mu mazi ashaje (15%-20%, bikabikwa mu mazi mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba mu gihe cy'iminota 8-12) kugira ngo bikureho igishishwa. Amaherezo, byogeshwa n'amazi meza hanyuma bikamishwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko imyanda yagira ingaruka ku buryo bunoze bwo gutunganya ibintu.
Gukata neza: Bitewe n'ingano y'ibice, gukata CNC cyangwa guca hakoreshejwe laser bikoreshwa mu gukata. Uburebure bw'uburebure bwo gukata pin bugomba kugenzurwa muri ± 0.1mm, mu gihe gukata plate y'uruhererekane bigomba kugumana ihinduka rya ≤0.05% kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu byahinduka mu gihe cyo gukata nyuma.
2. Gutunganya neza ibice by'ingenzi: Uburyo bwiza bwo gukora neza ku rwego rwa milimetero
Gutera no gukubita icyuma mu mugozi: Gutera no gukubita icyuma mu mugozi bikorwa ku gikoresho cya CNC punch press hakoreshejwe "continuous progressive die." Imiterere y'icyuma mu mugozi ibanza gutoborwa, hagakurikiraho imyobo y'impini ku mpera zombi. Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imyobo bugomba kugenzurwa kuri H7 (urugero rwo kwihanganira 0-0.018mm), hamwe n'ikosa ry'intera hagati y'umwobo rya ≤0.05mm kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ko imyanya ihuye neza n'impini. Gutera no gusya (gukoresheje ipine isya cyangwa gusya inyeganyega) birakenewe nyuma yo gutera kugira ngo hirindwe ko impande zityaye zakomeretsa abakoresha cyangwa kubangamira ihuriro. Gutera no gusya mu mugozi: Icyuma cya SUJ2 gikorwa mu ntambwe imwe hakoreshejwe imashini ikora ahantu hakonje ifite sitasiyo nyinshi. Insinga ibanza gutoborwa, hanyuma igasohorwa mu ishusho y'icyuma, hanyuma igatoborwa (kugira ngo ishyirwe mu gikoresho). Mu gihe cyo gutera no gusya mu mugozi, ubushyuhe bwa icyuma (≤200°C) n'umuvuduko (300-400 MPa) bigomba kugenzurwa kugira ngo ikosa ry'uruziga rw'icyuma mu mugozi ribe ≤0.03mm kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika mu gihe cyo gukora.
Gusoza icyuma gisya: Igishishwa gitangira gusya hakoreshejwe icyuma gisya hagati (gifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira uburebure bwa ± 0.05mm), hanyuma kigasya neza kugeza ku ngano yacyo ya nyuma (kwihanganira H8, 0-0.022mm) hakoreshejwe icyuma gisya cy'ubugari. Ubuso bumeze neza bwa Ra ≤0.8μm burakomeza. Ubu buso bworoshye bugabanya ubushyuhe bugenda buhindagurika ku gishishwa, bikongera igihe cyabwo cyo gukora.
3. Gutunganya ubushyuhe: Gutanga "Ubuhanga Bukomeye" ku Bice
Gushyushya Ingano y'Umunyu: Nyuma yo gukaranga, ibyuma by'umunyu bishyirwa mu itanura rizimya umuriro rihoraho, ribikwa kuri 850-880°C mu gihe cy'iminota 30, hanyuma bigashyirwa mu mavuta. Hanyuma bishyirwa mu itanura rizimya umuriro kuri 550-600°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 2. Ubukana bwa nyuma bugera kuri HB220-250, kandi imbaraga zo gukurura ziyongera kugera kuri ≥800 MPa, bikerekana ko zishobora kwihanganira umutwaro wo gukurura w'umunyururu wa 12B (≥18.8 kN). Gushiraho Pin na Roller + Gushyushya muke: Pin na roller za SUJ2 zishyushywa kugeza kuri 830-850°C (ubushyuhe bugumana iminota 25) mu itanura rizimya umuriro, rikazimwa mu mavuta, hanyuma rigashyushya muke kuri 160-180°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 2, bigatuma ubuso bukomera bwa HRC 58-62 n'ubukana bwa HRC 30-35. Iyi "nzu ikomeye yo hanze, imbere ikomeye" irinda kwangirika no gukomereka kw'imitako, ikarinda kwangirika. Guteka no Kuzimya Amaboko: Agapfuka ka 20CrMnTi gashyirwa mu itanura rikoresha kaburimbo hanyuma gashyushywa kuri 920-940°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 4-6 hamwe na methanol na propane (ibintu bikoresha kaburimbo) kugira ngo haboneke ingano ya karuboni ku buso bwa 0.8%-1.2%. Hanyuma agapfuka karuboni gakonjeshwa n'amavuta 850°C kandi gakonjeshwa n'ubushyuhe buke (180°C). Ubukana bw'ubuso buvamo ni HRC 58-62, kandi uburebure bw'urwego rwa kaburimbo ni 0.8-1.2mm, bigatuma agapfuka kari kari ku gipini.
4. Guteranya Uburyo Busanzwe: Guteza imbere imikoranire rusange y'uruhererekane
Ihuriro ry'imbere n'iry'inyuma: Ihuriro ry'imbere rigizwe n'agakoresho, ikizingo, n'agakoresho k'imbere. Banza ukanda agakoresho mu mwobo w'agakoresho k'imbere (igipimo cyo kubangamira, imbaraga zo gukanda 5-8kN). Hanyuma, shyira aka gakoresho hejuru y'agakoresho (igipimo cyo kugabanya, igipimo cyo kugabanya 0.02-0.05mm). Ihuriro ry'inyuma rigizwe n'agakoresho k'inyuma n'agakoresho k'inyuma. Agakoresho k'inyuma gashyirwa mu mwobo w'agakoresho k'inyuma (igipimo cyo kubangamira). Nyuma yo gukanda, reba niba gahagaze neza (guhindagurika ≤ 0.5°) kugira ngo wirinde gufatana mu gihe cy'akazi.
Guteranya iminyururu yuzuye no Guteranya mbere yo kuyirambura: Iminyururu y'imbere n'iy'inyuma ifatanye kugira ngo habeho umunyururu wuzuye. Ibi bikurikirwa n'uburyo bwo "guteranya mbere yo kuyirambura"—imbaraga zo gukurura zingana na 80% by'umutwaro wemewe (hafi 15kN) zishyirwa ku mashini ipima iminyururu yabugenewe mu gihe cy'iminota 30. Ibi bikuraho uburebure bw'umunyururu bwa mbere kandi bigatuma ibice bihuzwa neza kurushaho. Ibi bituma uburebure bukurikiraho bugenzurwa muri 0.5% (ugereranije n'impuzandengo y'inganda ya 1%-1.5%).
III. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge: Igenzura ryuzuye kugira ngo harebwe ibicuruzwa bidafite ubuziranenge
Imiyoboro ya 12B yo kohereza mu mahanga ikorerwa isuzuma ry’ibipimo byinshi kugira ngo harebwe ko yujuje ibisabwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Intambwe z’ingenzi zo gupima zirimo:
1. Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge bw'Ibipimo
Imashini ipima ibice bitatu (CMM) ikoreshwa mu kugenzura ingano z'ingenzi nk'intera y'umwobo w'icyuma, umurambararo w'inyuma w'umugozi w'icyuma, n'umurambararo w'umuzingo. Hakorwa icyitegererezo cy'ibice 20 kuri buri gice, hamwe n'igipimo cya 100%.
Igipimo cy'ingufu gikoreshwa mu kugenzura imbunda y'uruhererekane. Itandukaniro ry'imbunda kuri metero imwe rigomba kuba ≤0.3mm kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ko imbunda ifatanye neza n'uruhererekane.
2. Gupima Imiterere y'Imashini
Ikizamini cy'Imbaraga zo Gukurura: Umunyururu ushyirwa ku gipimo cy'imashini igerageza gukurura kugeza igihe uvunitse. Umutwaro wo gukurura ugomba kuba ≥ 28.2kN (urenze cyane umutwaro wemewe wa 18.8kN) kugira ngo habeho umutekano mu gihe habayeho kurenza urugero rw'umutwaro.
Ikizamini cy'ubuzima bw'umunaniro: Umunyururu ushyirwa ku "mashini ipima umunaniro w'umunyururu" kandi ushyirwa kuri 50% by'umutwaro ugenwe (hafi 9.4kN) ku muvuduko wa 1500r/min. Igihe cy'umunaniro kigomba kuba amasaha ≥ 500 (ibipimo ngenderwaho by'inganda ni amasaha 300), biganisha ku kwizerwa mu gihe kirekire cy'umutwaro mwinshi.
3. Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge bw'Ubuso
Koresha icyuma gipima ubukana bw'ubuso kugira ngo urebe ubuso bw'ipine n'ubw'umuzingo; agaciro ka Ra kagomba kuba ≤0.8μm.
Suzuma uburyo ubuso butunganywa (urugero: gusiga galvanizing, gusiga umukara): ubugari bw'urwego rutunganya galvanizing bugomba kuba ≥8μm kandi ntibugaragare ingese nyuma y'ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu amasaha 48 (gusiga umunyu udafite aho ubogamiye, umuti wa NaCl wa 5%). Uburyo bwo gutera umukara bugomba kuba bumwe kandi budafite umwanda, kandi gufatana bigomba kuba byujuje ibipimo bya GB/T 10125.
IV. Agaciro k'ubukorikori: Kuki ubukorikori bwiza butuma imigozi ya 12B ihangana ku isoko?
Ibyiza by'ikoranabuhanga by'uruhererekane rwa 12B ruhindura agaciro mu buryo butaziguye:
Igihe kirekire: Hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya SUJ2 no gutunganya ubushyuhe neza, uru ruhererekane rufite igihe cy'amasaha 8.000-10.000, rurerureho 40% ugereranije n'uruhererekane rusanzwe (amasaha 5.000-6.000), bigabanya ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza n'igihe cyo kudakora.
Kohereza ubutumwa mu buryo buhamye: Ubuhanga bwo gukoresha urwego rwa milimetero no kunanura mbere y’uko bukoreshwa bituma umugozi ugenda neza ku kigero cya ≤0.1mm mu gihe cy’ikoreshwa, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo kohereza ubutumwa bugera kuri 98%, bigatuma bukoreshwa mu buryo bwihuse cyane nko mu mashini zikora imyenda n’imiyoboro ikora mu buryo bwikora.
Ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye: Uburyo bwo kuvura ubuso butari ubwabwo (gusiga galvanizing, gusibanganya umukara, na fosfating) hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwihariye (nk'ubushyuhe buke ku bidukikije bikonjesha) byujuje ibisabwa bitandukanye. Urugero, iminyururu ya galvanizing ishobora gukoreshwa mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa mu rwego rwo kwirinda ingese, mu gihe iminyururu ya phosphate ishobora gukoreshwa mu bikoresho byo gucukura kugira ngo ivumbi n'ubudasaza bikomeze.
Umwanzuro: Ubukorikori ni "Ibyiza Bihishe by'Iminyururu ya 12B Roller
Ku isoko mpuzamahanga ry’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho bya 12B, “igiciro gito” ntabwo kikiri inyungu y’ingenzi. Ahubwo, “uburyo bwo gukora neza” no “guhagarara neza mu mikorere” ni ingenzi mu gutuma abakiriya bo mu mahanga bizera neza. Kuva ku mahame akomeye mu guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo, kugeza ku kugenzura urwego rwa milimetero mu gukora, kugeza ku igenzura ryimbitse mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa, buri gikorwa kiba gifite umuhigo wo kwizera ko ibicuruzwa byizewe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 15 Nzeri 2025