Urusobe rw'imodoka zitwara abantu babiri

Ibiranga Ibicuruzwa

1. Ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwara imizigo, bukomeye nk'urutare
Umuyoboro w’imodoka ukozwe mu cyuma gikomeye cyane kandi utunganywa neza mu buryo bwo kuzimya kugira ngo ugire ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo gutwara imizigo. Buri gice cy’umuyoboro gishobora gukwirakwiza umuvuduko ku buryo bungana, kandi gishobora gukomeza kugenda neza iyo gihuye n’ibice by’ibikoresho cyangwa ibikoresho bipima toni nyinshi. Imiterere yacyo yihariye y’umuyoboro ugizwe n’ibice bibiri ituma umuyoboro urushaho gukomera mu gihe utwaye, bikagabanya neza umutwaro w’ikintu kimwe kandi bikagabanya ibyago byo guhinduka. Ndetse no mu kazi gakomeye kandi gahoraho, gishobora gukomeza imikorere yacyo ya mbere, kikarinda kohereza ibikoresho bidasibangana, no gukomeza gukora ibintu biremereye. Niyo mahitamo yonyine yo gutwara ibintu bikomeye mu nganda.
2. Kohereza neza, neza kuri milimetero
Umuyoboro w’itumanaho ufite sisitemu yo gukurura no gukurura ibintu mu buryo buhanitse, kandi icyuho cy’imiyoboro gigenzurwa neza mu rugero ruto cyane. Mu gihe cyo gukora, umuyoboro n’imiyoboro bifatanye neza, bifite ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibintu burenze 98%, kandi nta kunyerera cyangwa guhagarara. Imiterere y’imiyoboro ibiri ituma umuyoboro ukomeza guhuza ibintu ku muvuduko wo hejuru, kandi umuvuduko w’ikosa ryo kohereza ibintu ni munsi ya 0.1%. Byaba ari igice gito cy’ikoranabuhanga cyangwa igice kinini cy’imashini, gishobora koherezwa neza aho cyagenewe, bikongera cyane ubwiza n’ireme ry’umusaruro, kandi byujuje ibisabwa bikomeye byo kwihutisha imikorere mu nganda kugira ngo umuntu atware ibintu mu buryo buhanitse.
3. Iramba kandi yizewe, kandi imara igihe kirekire
Nyuma yo gupima cyane uburambe, umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi ukoresha ibyuma bibiri umaze amasaha ibihumbi mirongo ukora mu gihe cy’imikorere igoye, kandi imikorere yawo iracyari myiza cyane. Ubuso bwayo bukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kurwanya ingese, rishobora kurwanya kwangirika kw’ibidukikije bigoye nka aside, alkali, peteroli, ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ubushuhe bwinshi. Imiterere yihariye yo gusiga imbere ituma amavuta ashira hagati y’umuzingo n’agapira bigabanya kwangirika. Igihe cy’imikorere kiruta inshuro 3-5 cy’imiyoboro isanzwe, bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho n’ibyago byo kuzimya, bikaba umufatanyabikorwa w’ubwirinzi mu gutwara ibikoresho mu nganda igihe kirekire, kandi bigashyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rw’imikorere y’uruganda mu gihe kirekire kandi gihamye.
4. Guhindura ibintu mu buryo bworoshye no gushyiraho ibintu byoroshye
Umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi ufite uburebure bubiri ufite imiterere ihanitse, kandi uburebure n’umubare w’ibice bishobora guhindurwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa bitandukanye by’ibikoresho. Uburyo bwo kuwuhuza ni bworoshye, ufite igikoresho cyihariye cyo kuwuhuza vuba, nta batekinisiye b’inzobere, abakozi basanzwe bashobora kurangiza kuwushyiraho no kuwukuraho mu gihe gito. Waba ari umurongo wo kuwukwirakwiza ugororotse, ugoramye cyangwa uhanamye, ushobora guhinduka mu buryo bworoshye no gushyirwa mu buryo bworoshye mu miterere y’umurongo usanzwe wo kuwutunganya. Muri icyo gihe, ushobora guhuzwa neza n’ibikoresho bitandukanye by’inyongera byo kuwukwirakwiza nk’udukingirizo n’inzira zo kuyobora kugira ngo hubakwe vuba sisitemu zikomeye zo kuwukwirakwiza, bitanga uburyo bworoshye cyane bwo kuvugurura inganda no guhindura ikoranabuhanga.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Q1: Ni ubuhe bushobozi ntarengwa bwo gutwara imizigo bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ufite intera ebyiri?

A: Ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gutwara imizigo bushingiye ku gishushanyo mbonera n'ibikoresho byihariye. Igishushanyo mbonera gisanzwe gishobora gutwara toni 1-5, kandi ingano ntarengwa y'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho bikomeye by'inganda ishobora kurenza toni 10, ibyo bikaba bishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'ibicuruzwa byinshi mu nganda nyinshi.

Q2: Ni gute wakwemeza ko urunigi rw'itumanaho rukora neza?

A: Binyuze muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo buhanitse kandi bunoze, icyuho cy’ingufu zo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo buhanitse kigenzurwa neza kugira ngo ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibintu burenze 98%. Muri icyo gihe, imiterere y’ingufu ebyiri ituma umuyoboro ukomeza gukora neza ku muvuduko wo hejuru, kandi umuvuduko w’ikosa ryo kohereza ibintu uri munsi ya 0.1%, bigatuma ibintu byoherezwa mu buryo buboneye kandi budafite amakosa.

Q3: Ese igihe cyo gukora cy'umuyoboro w'itumanaho kiramba?

A: Yakozwe mu cyuma gikomeye cyane cya alloy hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kurwanya ingese, yapimwe cyane kandi ifite igihe cyo kuyikoresha inshuro 3-5 ugereranyije n'iminyururu isanzwe, ibi bikaba bishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho ndetse n'ibyago byo kuzimya, bigatuma umusaruro ukomeza.
Q4: Ese biragoye gusimbuza umuyoboro w'itumanaho?
A: Ifite ibikoresho byihariye byo guhuza vuba, biroroshye kuyishyiraho no kuyikuraho. Abakozi basanzwe bashobora kurangiza igikorwa mu gihe gito badakeneye abatekinisiye b'inzobere. Ishobora kandi guhuzwa neza n'ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kohereza no kuyishyira mu buryo bworoshye mu muyoboro w'ikorwa.
Q5: Ni izihe nganda zikwiriye imiyoboro y'itumanaho itwara imizigo?
A: Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora imodoka, gutunganya ibiribwa, mu bubiko bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'amashanyarazi, mu gutunganya imashini n'izindi nganda. Yaba ari ugutwara ibice bito cyangwa binini, ishobora kurangiza akazi neza kandi neza, igafasha inganda zitandukanye kunoza imikorere myiza y'umusaruro no mu buryo bwikora.