He aha ngā whakamahinga motuhake o ngā mekameka kowiri tira i roto i te umanga tukatuka kai?

He aha ngā whakamahinga motuhake o ngā mekameka kowiri tira i roto i te umanga tukatuka kai?

1. He tirohanga whānui mō te whakamahinga o ngā mekameka kowiri tira i roto i te umanga tukatuka kai
1.1 Ngā āhuatanga rauemi o ngā mekameka kowiri tira
Ko ngā mekameka kowiri tira he mea hanga i ngā rauemi kowiri tira kounga teitei, pērā i te kowiri tira 304, te kowiri tira 316L, me ētahi atu. Ko ēnei rauemi he āhuatanga nui e whai ake nei:

Ātete ki te waikura: He nui te nui o te chromium me te nickel kei roto i te maitai kore waikura 304, ā, ka ātete ki te waikura me te waikura i te nuinga o ngā taiao. Ka tāpirihia e te maitai kore waikura 316L te molybdenum (Mo) hei whakapai ake i te ātete ki te waikura me te ātete ki te pakaru, he mea tino pai mō ngā taiao makuku, waikawa me te kawakore e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te tukatuka kai.

Kaha teitei: Whai muri i te maimoatanga motuhake, he teitei te kaha kume me te kaha tuku o ngā mekameka kowiri tira, ā, ka taea e rātou te tu atu i ngā kawenga nui. Hei tauira, ka taea e te kaha kume o te mekameka kowiri tira 304 te eke ki te 515 MPa, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā taputapu tukatuka kai mō te kaha kawe kawenga mekameka.

Te ātete pāmahana teitei me te iti: Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā mekameka kowiri tira i roto i te whānuitanga pāmahana whānui, pēnei i te whānuitanga pāmahana whakamahi o te kowiri tira 304 ko -20°C ki te 400°C, he mea e tika ana mō ngā taputapu tunu pāmahana teitei me ngā taputapu tio pāmahana iti i roto i te tukatuka kai.

Hauora, kore-paitini: Kāore he paitini, kāore hoki he kakara o ngā rauemi kowiri tira, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa akuaku o te umanga tukatuka kai, ā, e kore e whakapoke i te kai.

Ataahua, pakari hoki: He maeneene te mata, kāore e ngāwari te waikura. Ka taea tonu te pupuri i tōna āhua pai ahakoa te whakamahinga roa, ā, he roa te ora o tana mahi.

2. Te whakamahinga o ngā hononga whakawhiti
2.1 Te kawe rauemi mata
He mea nui te mahi a ngā mekameka kowiri tira i roto i te hononga kawe rauemi mata o te umanga tukatuka kai. He maha ngā momo rauemi mata mō te tukatuka kai, tae atu ki ngā witi, mīti, hua rākau, huawhenua, me ētahi atu. Me tutuki i te kawe i ēnei rauemi mata ngā whakaritenga o te akuaku, te whai huatanga me te pumau.

Te kawe witi: I roto i ngā umanga tukatuka witi, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā witi pēnei i te witi me te kānga. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te mira paraoa nui he pūnaha kawe mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i te witi mai i te whare putunga ki te awheawhe tukatuka, me te kaha kawe tae atu ki te 50 tāne ia hāora, e whakapai ake ana i te pai o te whakaputa. Mā te ātete ki te waikura me te kaha teitei o ngā mekameka kowiri tira ka taea e rātou te pupuri i te mahi pai mō te whakamahinga roa, ā, e kore e waikura, e pakaru rānei nā te makuku, ngā poke rānei o ngā witi.
Te kawe mīti: I roto i ngā umanga tukatuka mīti, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā kararehe pēnei i te poaka me te kau. I roto i te whare patu kararehe, ka kawe ngā mekameka kowiri tira i ngā kararehe mai i te rārangi patu kararehe ki te awheawhe tapahi, ā, mā ngā āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini o te mekameka ka kore e poke te mīti i te wā katoa o te kawe. Hei tāpiri, mā te ātete pāmahana teitei me te iti o ngā mekameka kowiri tira ka taea e rātou te mahi noa i roto i te taiao pāmahana iti o te whare patu kararehe.
Te kawe hua me te huawhenua: I roto i ngā umanga tukatuka hua me te huawhenua, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā hua me ngā huawhenua. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te wheketere whakakī hua he pūnaha kawe mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā hua mai i te awheawhe horoi ki te awheawhe whakakī, ā, ka taea te kawe tae atu ki te 30 tāne ia hāora. Mā te ātete waikura o ngā mekameka kowiri tira ka taea e rātou te ātete ki ngā matū waikawa i roto i ngā hua me ngā huawhenua, ā, mā ō rātou āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini ka noho haumaru te kai.

2.2 Te kawe i ngā hua haurua-oti
E whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki ngā mekameka kowiri tira i roto i te hononga kawe hua haurua-oti o te umanga tukatuka kai. Me whakarite te kawe i ngā hua haurua-oti kia kore ai e pāngia te akuaku me te kounga o te kai i te wā e tukatukahia ana.

Te kawe i ngā kai tunua kua oti te tunu: I roto i ngā umanga tukatuka kai tunu, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā hua kua oti te tunu pērā i te taro me ngā keke. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te toa tunu kai nui he pūnaha kawe mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i te taro mai i te awheawhe hanga ki te awheawhe tunu, me te kaha kawe tae atu ki te 20 tāne ia hāora. Mā te ātete pāmahana teitei o te mekameka kowiri tira ka taea te mahi pumau i roto i te taiao pāmahana teitei o ngā taputapu tunu, ā, ko ōna āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini ka whakarite i te haumaru o te kai i te wā e kawe ana.
Te kawe i ngā hua mīti kua oti te hanga: I roto i ngā umanga tukatuka hua mīti, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā hua kua oti te hanga pērā i te hōtiti me te hāmi. I roto i te awheawhe tukatuka hōtiti, ka kawe te mekameka kowiri tira i te hōtiti mai i te rārangi whakakī ki te awheawhe paowa. Nā te ātete ki te waikura me te kaha teitei o te mekameka ka taea te pupuri i te mahi pai i roto i te whakamahinga roa. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini o te mekameka kowiri tira ka whakarite i te haumaru akuaku o ngā hua mīti i te wā e kawe ana.
Te kawe i ngā hua inu haurua-oti: I roto i ngā umanga tukatuka inu, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā inu haurua-oti. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te wheketere inu he pūnaha kawe mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā inu haurua-oti mai i te awheawhe whakaranu ki te awheawhe whakakī, me te kaha kawe tae atu ki te 10 tāne ia hāora. Mā te ātete waikura o ngā mekameka kowiri tira ka taea e rātou te ātete i ngā matū waikawa i roto i ngā inu, ā, ko ō rātou āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini ka whakarite i te haumaru o ngā inu i te wā e kawe ana.

3. Te tono i roto i te tukanga whakakī
3.1 Whakakī kai wai
He mea nui te mahi a ngā mekameka kowiri tira i roto i te tukanga whakakī kai wai, ā, nā ō rātou painga mahi ka whakarite i te whai huatanga, te akuaku me te pumau o te tukanga whakakī.

Te whakakī pia: I roto i te tukanga whakaputa pia, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā kēne, i ngā pounamu karāhe rānei. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e tētahi whare hanga pia nui he pūnaha kawe mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā kēne mai i te awheawhe horoi ki te awheawhe whakakī, kātahi ki te awheawhe hiri. Mā te mahi maeneene o te mekameka kowiri tira ka whakarite kia rite te kawe me te whakakī o ngā kēne, kia pumau te taumata wai whakakī, kia poto te tawhiti i waenga i te whakakī me te hiri, me te whakaiti i te nui o te hāora i roto i te kēne. Ko ngā wāhanga katoa e pā ana ki ngā kēne he mea hanga ki te hanganga kowiri tira kai-kounga hei whakarite i te kounga o te taupoki.
Whakakī Inu: I roto i te tukanga whakakī inu, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā pounamu inu. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te wheketere inu he pūnaha kawe mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā pounamu inu mai i te awheawhe horoi ki te awheawhe whakakī, kātahi ki te awheawhe taupoki. Mā te ātete waikura o te mekameka kowiri tira ka taea e ia te ātete i ngā matū waikawa i roto i te inu, ā, ko ōna āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini ka whakarite i te haumaru o te inu i te wā o te tukanga whakakī. Hei tāpiri, mā te ātete pāmahana teitei o te mekameka kowiri tira ka taea e ia te mahi pumau i roto i te hononga whakahoromata pāmahana teitei i muri i te whakakīnga o te inu.

Whakakī hinu kai: I te wā e whakakī ana i te hinu kai, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā oko hinu kai. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te wheketere hinu kai he pūnaha kawe mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā oko hinu kai mai i te awheawhe whakakī ki te awheawhe taupoki. Mā te ātete waikura o te mekameka kowiri tira ka taea e ia te ātete i ngā matū waikawa i roto i te hinu kai, ā, ko ōna āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini ka whakarite i te haumaru o te hinu kai i te wā e whakakī ana. Hei tāpiri, mā ngā āhuatanga kaha teitei o te mekameka kowiri tira ka taea e ia te tu atu i te taumaha o te oko hinu kai, ka whakarite i te pumau me te pono o te tukanga kawe.

3.2 Whakakī kai totoka
E whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki ngā mekameka kowiri tira i roto i te hononga whakakī kai totoka, ā, nā ō rātou painga mahi ka whakarite i te whai huatanga, te akuaku me te pumau o te tukanga whakakī.

Whakakī hōtiti: I te wā e tukatukahia ana te hōtiti, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā hōtiti. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te wheketere tukatuka hōtiti he pūnaha kawe mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā hōtiti mai i te rārangi whakakī ki te awheawhe paowa. Mā te ātete ki te waikura me te kaha teitei o te mekameka kowiri tira ka taea te pupuri i te mahi pai i roto i te whakamahinga roa, ā, ko ōna āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini ka whakarite i te haumaru akuaku o ngā hōtiti i te wā e whakakīhia ana. Hei tāpiri, mā te ātete pāmahana teitei o te mekameka kowiri tira ka taea te mahi pumau i roto i te tukanga paowa hōtiti.
Whakakī monamona: I te wā e tukatukahia ana ngā monamona, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe monamona. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te wheketere monamona he pūnaha kawe mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe monamona mai i te awheawhe whakakī ki te awheawhe tākai. Mā ngā āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini o te mekameka kowiri tira ka noho haumaru ngā monamona i te wā e whakakīia ana, ā, mā tōna ātete ki te waikura ka taea e ia te ātete ki ngā matū waikawa i roto i ngā monamona. Hei tāpiri, mā ngā āhuatanga kaha o te mekameka kowiri tira ka taea e ia te pikau i te taumaha o ngā monamona, ka noho pumau me te pono o te tukanga kawe.
Whakakī nati: I te wā e tukatukahia ana ngā nati, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā nati. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te wheketere tukatuka nati he pūnaha kawe mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā nati mai i te awheawhe whakakī ki te awheawhe tākai. Mā ngā āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini o ngā mekameka kowiri tira ka whakarite i te haumaru o ngā nati i te wā e whakakīhia ana, ā, mā te ātete ki te waikura ka taea e rātou te ātete ki ngā matū waikawa i roto i ngā nati. Hei tāpiri, mā ngā āhuatanga kaha teitei o ngā mekameka kowiri tira ka taea e rātou te pikau i te taumaha o ngā nati, ka whakarite i te pumau me te pono o te tukanga kawe.

4. Te whakamahinga i roto i ngā hononga tunu kai
4.1 Te tunu taro
He mea nui te mahi a ngā mekameka kowiri tira i roto i te tukanga tunu taro, ā, nā ō rātou painga mahi ka whakarite i te whai huatanga, te akuaku me te pumau o te tukanga tunu.

Te Whakamahinga i roto i ngā taputapu tunu taro: I roto i ngā taputapu tunu taro, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe taro. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te toa tunu taro nui he pūnaha kawe mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe taro mai i te awheawhe hanga ki te awheawhe tunu, me te kaha kawe tae atu ki te 20 tāne ia hāora. Mā te ātete pāmahana teitei o ngā mekameka kowiri tira ka taea e rātou te mahi pumau i roto i te taiao pāmahana teitei o ngā taputapu tunu, ā, ka taea te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tunu tae atu ki te 250°C, kia mau ai te haumaru o te taro i te wā tunu.
Te akuaku me te haumaru kai: Ko ngā āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini o ngā mekameka kowiri tira e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa akuaku o te umanga tukatuka kai, ā, e kore e poke te taro. He ngāwari te horoi i tōna mata maeneene, ka taea ai te ārai i te tipu o ngā huakita me te whakarite i te akuaku me te haumaru o te taro i te wā tunu.

Whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga: Mā te kaha teitei me te iti o te haruru o ngā mekameka kowiri tira ka taea te noho pumau i te wā e whakamahia ana mō te wā roa, ka whakaiti i te wā tiaki taputapu me te tere o te rahunga. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te tunu taro anake, engari ka whakaitihia hoki ngā utu whakahaere o ngā umanga.

4.2 Te tunu mīti
E whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki ngā mekameka kowiri tira i roto i te tukanga tunu mīti, ā, nā ō rātou painga mahi ka whakarite i te whai huatanga, te akuaku me te pumau o te tukanga tunu mīti.

Te Whakamahinga i roto i te Tukatuka Hōtiti: I roto i te tukanga tukatuka hōtiti, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā hōtiti. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te wheketere tukatuka hōtiti he pūnaha kawe mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā hōtiti mai i te rārangi whakakī ki te awheawhe paowa. Mā te ātete ki te waikura me ngā āhuatanga kaha o ngā mekameka kowiri tira ka taea e rātou te pupuri i te mahi pai i roto i te whakamahinga roa, ā, mā ō rātou āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini ka whakarite i te akuaku me te haumaru o ngā hōtiti i te wā tunu. Hei tāpiri, mā te ātete pāmahana teitei o ngā mekameka kowiri tira ka taea e rātou te mahi pumau i roto i te tukanga paowa hōtiti, ā, ka taea te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tunu tae atu ki te 200°C.

Te Whakamahinga i roto i te Tukatuka Hua Mīti: I roto i ngā umanga tukatuka hua mīti, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i ngā hua pēnei i te hāmi me te pāpaka. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te wheketere tukatuka mīti he pūnaha kawe mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe i te hāmi mai i te awheawhe pīkara ki te awheawhe tunu. Mā te ātete ki te waikura me te kaha o te mekameka kowiri tira ka taea te pupuri i te mahi pai i roto i te whakamahinga roa, ā, ko ōna āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini ka whakarite i te haumaru akuaku o ngā hua mīti i te wā tunu. Hei tāpiri, mā te ātete pāmahana teitei o te mekameka kowiri tira ka taea te mahi pumau i roto i te taiao pāmahana teitei o ngā taputapu tunu mīti, ā, ka taea te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tunu tae atu ki te 180°C.

Te akuaku me te haumaru kai: Ko ngā āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini o te mekameka kowiri tira e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa akuaku o te umanga tukatuka kai, ā, e kore e poke i ngā hua mīti. He ngāwari te horoi i tōna mata maeneene, ka taea ai te ārai i te tipu o ngā huakita me te whakarite i te haumaru akuaku o ngā hua mīti i te wā tunu. Hei tāpiri, ko te ātete ki te waikura o te mekameka kowiri tira ka taea te ātete i ngā matū waikawa i roto i ngā hua mīti, ka whakarite anō i te haumaru o te kai.

5. Te tono i roto i te hononga whakatio
5.1 Te hanga kai tio
He mea nui te mahi a ngā mekameka kowiri tira i roto i te hanga kai tio, ā, nā ō rātou painga mahi ka whakarite i te whai huatanga, te akuaku me te pumau o te tukanga whakaputa.

Te whakamahinga i roto i ngā kauhanga tio tere: I roto i ngā kauhanga tio tere, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe kai, pērā i ngā tāmi, ngā pōro raihi piripono, ngā kaimoana, ngā hua me ngā huawhenua. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e tētahi wheketere kai tio tere nui he pūnaha kawe mekameka kowiri tira hei kawe kai mai i te awheawhe tukatuka ki te kauhanga tio tere, me te kaha kawe tae atu ki te 30 tāne ia hāora. Mā te ātete pāmahana iti o te mekameka kowiri tira ka taea te pupuri i te kaha me te pakari i ngā pāmahana tino iti me te kore e pakarukaru. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini o te mekameka kowiri tira e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa akuaku o te umanga tukatuka kai, ā, e kore e whakapoke i te kai.

Te akuaku me te haumaru kai: He maeneene te mata o te mekameka kowiri tira, ā, he ngāwari ki te horoi, ka taea ai te ārai i te tipu o ngā huakita me te whakarite i te haumaru akuaku o te kai i te wā e whakatiohia ana. Mā tōna ātete ki te waikura ka taea te ātete i ngā matū waikawa i roto i te kai, ka whakarite anō i te haumaru o te kai.

Whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga: Mā te kaha teitei me te iti o te haruru o te mekameka maitai kore waikura ka taea te noho pumau i te wā e whakamahia ana mō te wā roa, ka whakaiti i te wā tiaki taputapu me te tere o te rahunga. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa kai tio anake, engari ka whakaitihia hoki ngā utu whakahaere o ngā umanga.

5.2 Te kawe i roto i te pouaka whakamātao
E whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki ngā mekameka kowiri tira i roto i te kawe waka i roto i te pouaka whakamātao, ā, nā ō rātou painga mahi ka whakarite i te whai huatanga, te akuaku me te pumau o te tukanga kawe.

Te Whakamahinga i roto i ngā Wāhanga Pouaka Whakamatao: I roto i ngā wāhanga pouaka whakamatao, ka whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira hei whakatika me te kawe kai. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e tētahi kamupene kawe mekameka makariri nui he pūnaha whakatika mekameka kowiri tira hei whakatika i te kai i roto i ngā wāhanga pouaka whakamatao kia mau ai te pumau i te wā e kawe ana. Mā te ātete pāmahana iti o ngā mekameka kowiri tira ka taea e rātou te pupuri i te kaha me te pakari i roto i te taiao pāmahana iti o ngā wāhanga pouaka whakamatao. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā āhuatanga akuaku me te kore-paitini o ngā mekameka kowiri tira e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa akuaku o te umanga tukatuka kai, ā, e kore e whakapoke i te kai.

Te akuaku me te haumaru kai: He maeneene te mata o ngā mekameka kowiri tira, ā, he ngāwari ki te horoi, ka taea ai te ārai i te tipu o ngā huakita me te whakarite i te haumaru akuaku o te kai i te wā e kawe ana. Nā tōna ātete ki te waikura ka taea te ātete i ngā matū waikawa i roto i te kai, ka whakarite anō i te haumaru o te kai.

Whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te kawe: Mā te kaha teitei me te iti o te haruru o ngā mekameka kowiri tira ka taea ai e rātou te noho pumau i te wā e whakamahia ana mō te wā roa, ka whakaiti i te wā tiaki taputapu me te tere o te pakaru. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te kawe pouaka whakamātao anake, engari ka whakaitihia hoki ngā utu whakahaere o ngā umanga.

6. Ngā whakaritenga horoi me te akuaku
6.1 Te horoi i te mata
Ina whakamahia ngā mekameka kowiri tira i roto i te umanga tukatuka kai, ko te horoi i te mata he hononga matua hei whakarite i te haumaru me te akuaku o te kai. I te wā e tukatuka ana i te kai, ka ngawari te mata o te mekameka ki te hinu, te puehu, ngā toenga kai me ētahi atu poke. Ki te kore e horoia ēnei poke i te wā tika, ka puta pea he huakita, ka poke ai te kai.

Tikanga horoi: Ko te tikanga he wai hopi mahana hei horoi. He ngāwari, he whai hua hoki tēnei tikanga, ā, ka taea te tango i te nuinga o ngā paru i runga i te mata o te mekameka. Mō ngā paru e uaua ana ki te horoi, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te paraihe ngohengohe hei mirimiri mārie, engari kaua e whakamahi i te paraihe mārō kia kore ai e rakuraku te mata o te mekameka. I te wā horoi, me aro hoki koe ki ngā āputa i waenganui i ngā hononga mekameka. He ngāwari te kohikohi paru i ēnei wāhanga, ā, ka taea te horoi ki te paraihe niho tawhito.

Te auau o te horoi: I runga i te taiao tukatuka kai me te auau o te whakamahinga o te mekameka, e taunakihia ana kia horoia katoatia i ia rā, i muri rānei i ia huringa. I roto i ngā taiao haukū, i ngā taiao poke rawa rānei, me whakanui ake te auau o te horoinga.

Te whakamaroke: I muri i te horoinga, me horoi ki te wai ma, ka muru kia maroke ki te whakamaroke makawe, ki te kakahu miro ma rānei. He mea nui te pupuri i te mata o te mekameka kia maroke hei ārai i te waikura me te tipu o ngā huakita.
Tirotiro auau: I te wā e horoia ana, me tirotiro auau hoki mēnā kua pakaru, kua hē rānei te mekameka. Kia kitea he pakaru, he pakaru nui, he raruraru anō hoki i roto i te mekameka, me whakakapi i te wā tika kia mau ai te haumaru me te pono o te tukanga tukatuka kai.

6.2 Ātete ki te waikura
Ko te ātete ki te waikura o ngā mekameka kowiri tira tētahi o ngā take nui mō te whakamahinga whānui o ēnei mekameka i roto i te umanga tukatuka kai. I te wā e tukatuka ana i ngā kai, ka pāngia ngā mekameka e ngā taiao waikawa, kawakore, haumākū rānei, ā, ka nui ake te ātete ki te waikura o ngā mekameka.

Kōwhiringa rauemi: Ko ngā mekameka kowiri tira he mea hanga i te kowiri tira 304, 316L rānei. He nui te nui o te chromium me te nickel i roto i te kowiri tira 304, ā, he ātete tēnei ki te waikura me te waikura i te nuinga o ngā taiao. I runga i tēnei, ka tāpirihia e te kowiri tira 316L te molybdenum (Mo), e whakapai ake ana i te ātete ki te waikura me te ātete ki te pakaru, ā, he tino pai mō ngā taiao makuku, waikawa me te kawakore e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te tukatuka kai.

Te mahi tūturu o te whakamahinga: I roto i te whakamahinga tūturu o te tukatuka kai, he tino pai te ātete o ngā mekameka kowiri tira ki te waikura. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā awheawhe tukatuka mīti, ina roa te noho o ngā mekameka ki te taiao makuku me te tote, ka taea e ngā mekameka kowiri tira 316L te ātete pai ki te waikura, ā, he maha ngā tau e ora ai. I roto i ngā awheawhe whakakī inu, ina pāngia ngā mekameka e ngā matū waikawa i roto i ngā inu, ka taea hoki e ngā mekameka kowiri tira 304 te noho pumau, ā, kāore e pā ki te haumaru kai nā te waikura.
Ngā mahi tiaki: Ahakoa he pai te ātete o ngā mekameka kowiri tira ki te waikura, me mahi tonu ētahi mahi tiaki i te wā e whakamahia ana. Tangohia te waikura me te paru i te mata o te mekameka, ahakoa he matū, he ā-tinana rānei. Hei tauira, whakamahia he kaihoroi waikawa pēnei i te winika mā, te wai rēmana rānei hei pani ki te waikura, waiho kia tū mō tētahi wā, kātahi ka horoia ki te wai ma; whakamahia rānei he pepa kirikiri, he paraihe waea me ētahi atu taputapu hei horoi ā-ringa. Hei tāpiri, he mahi nui anō hoki te pupuri i te mata o te mekameka kia maroke hei ārai i te waikura.

Pānga ki te haumaru kai: Ko te ātete ki te waikura o ngā mekameka kowiri tira ehara i te mea ka roa ake te ora o te mekameka, engari he mea nui ake, ka whakarite i te haumaru o te kai. I te wā e whakamahia ana, e kore te mekameka e puta he waikura, he matū kino rānei nā te waikura, ā, ka karohia te poke o te kai. He mea nui tēnei mō te umanga tukatuka kai, nā te mea ko te haumaru me te akuaku o te kai te oranga o te umanga.

7. Te tiaki me te tiaki i ngā mekameka kowiri tira

7.1 Te tirotiro auau
He mea nui te tirotiro auau hei whakarite i te mahi pai me te haumaru o ngā mekameka kowiri tira i roto i te umanga tukatuka kai. Mā te tirotiro auau, ka taea te kimi i ngā raru pea o te mekameka i roto i te wā tika, ka taea te ārai i ngā hapa, ka taea te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te mekameka, ā, ka taea te whakamana i te mahi noa o ngā taputapu tukatuka kai.

Auautanga tirotiro: E ai ki te auautanga o te whakamahinga me te taiao mahi o ngā taputapu tukatuka kai, e taunakihia ana kia whakahaerehia he tirotiro whānui i ia wiki, i ia rua wiki rānei. I roto i ngā taiao haumākū nui, i ngā taiao parahanga nui, i ngā taiao whakamahinga kaha rānei, me whakanui ake te auautanga tirotiro kia tika.
Ngā ihirangi tirotiro:
Te āhua o te mekameka: Tirohia mēnā he waikura, he pakarukaru, he karawarawa, he āhua rerekē me ētahi atu raruraru kei runga i te mata o te mekameka. Tērā pea ka heke te kaha o te mekameka i te waikura, ka pā pea te pakarukaru ki te tika o te tuku o te mekameka, ka piri, ka whati rānei te mekameka i ngā karawarawa me te āhua rerekē, ā, ka pāngia te mahi noa o ngā taputapu tukatuka kai.

Te pūmau o te mekameka: Me taurite te pūmau o te mekameka. Mēnā he pūmau rawa, ka nui ake te kaha o te mekameka, ka nui ake te pakaru o te mekameka me te porotiti; mēnā he pūmau rawa, ka peke ngā niho o te mekameka, ka taka rānei. I te nuinga o te wā, me whakahaere te ngoikore o te mekameka i waenga i te 1% me te 2% o te tawhiti o waenganui o te porotiti. Ka taea te whakarite i te whakapūmau mekameka kia tino pūmau te mekameka.
Ngā wāhanga hononga mekameka: Tirohia mēnā kua wetekina, kua tawhito, kua pakaru rānei ngā pine hononga mekameka, ngā pereti mekameka me ētahi atu wāhanga. Mā te wetekina o ngā wāhanga hononga ka wiri rerekē, ka taka rānei i te mekameka i te wā e whakamahia ana, ka pā ki te pumau me te haumaru o ngā taputapu tukatuka kai.
Āhua o te pītiti: Tirohia mēnā kua pakaru, kua hē, kua kino rānei ngā niho o te pītiti. Ka pā te pakaru o te pītiti ki te pai o te tuku me te tika o te mekameka, ā, ka taea hoki te peke i ngā niho o te mekameka, te whati rānei. Mēnā ka kitea kua pakaru rawa te pītiti, me whakakapi i te wā tika kia pai ai te mahi a te mekameka.
Tikanga tirotiro: I te wā o te tirotiro, ka taea te whakamahi i ētahi taputapu āwhina pēnei i ngā karāhe whakanui, ngā calipers, me ngā ine ine. Ka taea e te karāhe whakanui te āwhina ki te tirotiro i ngā kapiti me te pakaru o te mata o te mekameka; ka taea e te calipers te ine i te piko o te mekameka, te matotoru o te pereti mekameka me ētahi atu ine hei whakatau mena kua pakaru te mekameka i tua atu i te paerewa; ka taea e te ine ine i te āputa whatunga i waenga i te mekameka me te sprocket hei whakarite i te tika o te tuku o te mekameka. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te tirotiro tuatahi i te āhua me te piri o te mekameka mā te tirotiro ā-kanohi me te pā ā-ringa.

Te tuhi me te tātari: Whai muri i ia tirotiro, me tuhi taipitopito ngā hua o te tirotiro, tae atu ki te āhua, te piripono, te nui o te pakaru, ngā raruraru i kitea me ngā mehua maimoatanga o te mekameka. Mā te tātari i ngā tuhinga tirotiro, ka taea te mārama ki te tūnga whakamahinga me ngā ture pakaru o te mekameka, ka waiho hei pūtake mō te whakatakoto i tētahi mahere tiaki tika me te huringa whakakapinga. Hei tauira, ki te kitea he maha ngā wā e pakaru ana, e pakaru ana rānei te mekameka i tētahi wāhanga, ka taea te tātari i te take, pēnei i te mea e pā ana ki te aratau whakahaere o te taputapu, te tūranga tāutanga o te mekameka, te taiao mahi rānei, kia taea ai te mahi i ngā mahi whakapai ake e rite ana.

7.2 Te whakahinuhinu me te ārai waikura
He mea nui te whakahinuhinu me te ārai i te waikura ki te tiaki i ngā mekameka kowiri tira. Ka taea e ēnei te whakaiti i te pakaru o te mekameka, te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi a te mekameka, te ārai i te waikura o te mekameka, me te whakarite kia mahi noa ngā taputapu tukatuka kai me te haumaru o te kai.

Te hiranga o te whakahinuhinu: I te wā e whakahaerehia ana te mekameka kowiri tira, ka puta he waku i waenga i ngā hononga mekameka me te mekameka me te porotiti. Ka taea e te whakahinuhinu te whakaiti i te tauwehenga waku me te whakaiti i te pakaru o te mekameka. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e te whakahinuhinu te tango i te wera e puta mai ana i te mekameka i te wā e whakahaerehia ana, ka ārai i te mekameka kei pirau, kei pakaru rānei i te pāmahana nui. I roto i te umanga tukatuka kai, i te mea he maha ngā wā ka pā te mekameka ki te kai, he mea tika kia whiriwhiria ngā whakahinuhinu e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa akuaku kai hei ārai i te whakahinuhinu kei poke i te kai.

Tikanga whakahinuhinu:

Whakahinuhinu ā-ringa: Mō ētahi taputapu tukatuka kai iti, tere-iti rānei, ka taea te whakamahi i te whakahinuhinu ā-ringa. Whakamahia he hinu whakahinuhinu, he hinu rānei e rite ana ki te kai hei pani i te hinu ki ngā hononga mekameka, ki ngā pine, ki ngā pereti mekameka me ētahi atu wāhanga o te mekameka. I te wā e pania ana, kia ōrite te tohatoha o te hinu kia kore ai e mate ngā kokonga whakahinuhinu. Ko ngā painga o te whakahinuhinu ā-ringa he ngāwari te whakahaere me te iti o te utu, engari me mahi tonu, ā, he nui te pānga o te kaiwhakahaere ki te pānga whakahinuhinu.

Pūnaha whakahinuhinu aunoa: Mō ngā taputapu tukatuka kai nui, tere-rahi rānei, e taunakihia ana kia whakamahia he pūnaha whakahinuhinu aunoa. Ka taea e te pūnaha whakahinuhinu aunoa te rehu hinu ki te mekameka i roto i te wā tika me te rahinga e ai ki ngā āhuatanga whakahaere o te taputapu me ngā hiahia whakahinuhinu o te mekameka. Ko te painga o tēnei tikanga whakahinuhinu ko te pumau me te ōrite o te pānga whakahinuhinu, ka taea te whakaiti i te kakahu o te mekameka me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi me te pono o ngā taputapu. Heoi, he nui ngā utu tāutanga me te tiaki o te pūnaha whakahinuhinu aunoa, ā, me tirotiro tonu te whakahaere o te pūnaha whakahinuhinu kia tino tika te tuku me te rehu i te hinu.

Te Kōwhiringa Hinu: I roto i te umanga tukatuka kai, he mea nui te whiriwhiri i te hinu tika. Me tutuki ngā paerewa akuaku kai i ngā hinu, kia kore e paitini, kia kore e kakara, kia kaua hoki e poke te kai. Ko ngā hinu whakahinuhinu kai noa ko ngā hinu whakahinuhinu kai, ngā hinu, me ngā hinu totoka. He pai te rere me te uruhanga o ngā hinu whakahinuhinu kai, ā, ka tere te uru ki ngā wāhanga katoa o te mekameka hei whakaiti i te waku me te kakahu; he pai ngā āhuatanga piri me te hiri o ngā hinu, ā, ka taea te hanga i tētahi kiriata tiaki i runga i te mata o te mekameka hei ārai i te waikura o te mekameka nā te pā ki te taiao o waho; ka taea te whakamahi i ngā hinu totoka pēnei i te graphite me te molybdenum disulfide i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei, kawenga teitei, kore hinu rānei, engari he ngoikore te pānga whakahinuhinu, ā, me whakamahi tahi me ētahi atu hinu whakahinuhinu. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā hinu, me whai whakaaro whānui hoki ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te tere o te oma, te pāmahana, me te kawenga o te mekameka. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei, me whiriwhiri ngā hinu whakahinuhinu he ātete pāmahana teitei; i roto i ngā taputapu e whakahaerehia ana i raro i te kawenga nui, me whiriwhiri ngā hinu whakahinuhinu he kaha kawenga nui

Ngā mahi ārai waikura:

Te maimoatanga mata: I te wā e hangaia ana te mekameka, ka orohia pai te mata o te mekameka hei whakapai ake i te āhua o te mata o te mekameka, hei whakaiti hoki i te taratara o te mata o te mekameka. Ka taea e te mata maeneene te whakaiti i te wāhi pa i waenga i te mekameka me te taiao o waho, ā, ka whakaiti hoki i te tūponotanga o te waikura o te mekameka. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki te whakakikorua i te mata o te mekameka, pērā i te whakakikorua chrome, te whakakikorua nickel, me ētahi atu, hei hanga i tētahi kiriata tiaki hei ārai i te waikura o te mekameka. E kore e taea e te maimoatanga whakakikorua te whakapai ake i te ātete waikura o te mekameka anake, engari ka whakanui ake hoki i te ataahua o te mekameka.

Te horoi auau: He mea nui te pupuri i te mata o te mekameka kia ma hei ārai i te waikura o te mekameka. I te wā e tukatuka ana i te kai, ka ngawari te mata o te mekameka ki ngā poke pēnei i te hinu, te puehu, me ngā toenga kai. Ki te kore e horoia ēnei poke i te wā tika, ka puta he huakita, ka pirau ai te mekameka. Nō reira, me horoi tonu te mekameka ki te wai hopi mahana, ki te hopi horoi kai rānei hei tango i ngā poke i runga i te mata o te mekameka. I muri i te horoinga, me horoi ki te wai ma, ka murua kia maroke ki te whakamaroke makawe, ki te kakahu miro ma rānei. Ko te pupuri i te mata o te mekameka kia maroke te mea nui hei ārai i te waikura.

Te rokiroki tika: Ina kore te mekameka e whakamahia ana, me rongoa ki roto i te taiao hau maroke, hauhautanga, kore-waikura. Āraia te roa o te wā e pāngia ai te mekameka e te haumākū, te pāmahana teitei, te hau waikura rānei, ka tere ake te waikura o te mekameka. Mena me rongoa te mekameka mō te wā roa, ka taea e koe te pania he paparanga hinu ārai-waikura kai ki runga i te mata o te mekameka ka takai ki te kiriata kirihou hei ārai i te waikura o te mekameka nā te pā ki te taiao o waho.

Ngā whakatūpato tiaki:
Kaua e whakamahi i ngā hinu whakahinuhinu kāore i te tika: I roto i te umanga tukatuka kai, he tino rāhui te whakamahi i ngā hinu whakahinuhinu ehara i te kai. Tērā pea kei roto i ngā hinu whakahinuhinu ehara i te kai ngā matū kino, ka poke ai te kai, ka pā kino hoki ki te haumaru o te kai. Ahakoa i roto i ngā wāhi kāore i te kai, me karo tonu i ngā hinu whakahinuhinu ehara i te kai kia kore ai e turuturu, e turuturu rānei ngā hinu whakahinuhinu ki ngā wāhi e pā ana ki te kai.
Whakakapia ngā mekameka kua tawhito i te wā tika: Mēnā kua tino tawhito te mekameka, pērā i te totoro o te mekameka neke atu i te 3% o te roa taketake, i te wā rānei kua kitea te tawhito o ngā pereti mekameka, ngā pine me ētahi atu wāhanga o te mekameka, kua hē te āhua, kua pakaru rānei, me whakakapi te mekameka i te wā tika. Mā te whakamahi tonu i ngā mekameka kua tino tawhito, ehara i te mea ka pā ki te pai o te mahi me te tika o ngā taputapu tukatuka kai, engari ka pakaru pea te mekameka, ka puta ai he aituā haumaru.
Ngā kaimahi tiaki ngaio: Me mahi ngā tohunga hangarau ki te tiaki i ngā mekameka kowiri tira. Kua whai whakangungu ngaio rātou, kua mōhio ki te hanganga, te mahi me ngā whakaritenga tiaki o te mekameka, ka taea te aromatawai tika i te āhua o te mekameka, ā, ka taea te mahi i ngā mahi tiaki tika. Ina mahi tiaki ngā tāngata ehara i te tohunga, ka pakaru pea te mekameka, ngā taputapu rānei nā te mahi hē, ka puta rānei he aituā haumaru.