Te Pānga o ngā Mekameka Roera ki te Porowini me ōna Āhuatanga

Te Pānga o ngā Mekameka Roera ki te Porowini me ōna Āhuatanga

I roto i te mara o te tuku miihini,mekameka roerae whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā raina whakaputa ahumahi, ngā mīhini ahuwhenua, te hanga motuka, ngā mahi whakahaere, me ētahi atu tono nā te mea he ngāwari te hanganga, he kaha te kawe kawenga, me te whai huatanga nui o te utu. Heoi, i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te mekameka roera, ka pā tika te āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana ko te "pānga polygon" ki te maeneene o te tuku, te tika, me te roa o te ratonga, ka waiho hei āhuatanga matua me mārama pai ngā miihini, ngā kaimahi hoko, me ngā kaitiaki taputapu.

Tuatahi, Te Whakakitenga i te Pānga Porowhita: He aha te Pānga Porowhita o ngā Mekameka Roera?

Hei mārama ki te pānga o te porowhita, me arotake tuatahi tātou i te hanganga tuku taketake o te mekameka roera. Ko te tuku mekameka roera he mea hanga tuatahi ki te porowhita taraiwa, ki te porowhita taraiwa, me te mekameka roera. I te hurihuri o te porowhita taraiwa, ko te hononga o ngā niho porowhita me ngā hononga mekameka roera ka tuku mana ki te porowhita taraiwa, ka taraiwa i ngā tikanga mahi e whai ake nei. Ko te mea e kiia nei ko te "pānga porowhita," e mōhiotia ana ko te "hapa pānga porowhita," e pā ana ki te āhuatanga i roto i te tuku mekameka roera i reira ka hangaia e te raina takai o te mekameka huri noa i te porowhita he āhua rite ki te porowhita, ka puta ai te tere ohorere o te mekameka me te tere koki ohorere o te porowhita taraiwa kia whakaatu i ngā huringa ā-wā. Ki te kī ngāwari, i te hurihuri o te porowhita, kāore te mekameka e neke whakamua i te tere raina pumau, engari, me te mea e neke ana i te taha o te porowhita, ka huri tonu tōna tere. Waihoki, ka huri hoki te porowhita taraiwa i te tere koki pumau, engari ka pāngia e ngā huringa ā-wā o te tere. Ehara tēnei piki me te heke i te hapa, engari he āhuatanga tūturu nō te hanganga tuku mekameka roera, engari kāore e taea te wareware i tōna pānga.

Tuarua, Te Whai i te Pūtake: Te Mātāpono o te Pānga Porokino

I ahu mai te pānga o te polygon i ngā āhuatanga hanganga o ngā mekameka roera me ngā sprocket. Ka mārama tātou ki te tukanga whakaputa mā roto i ngā mahi matua e whai ake nei:

(I) Te Whirihoranga Hononga o te Mekameka me te Sprocket

Ina takaihia he mekameka roera ki tētahi porowhita, nā te mea he wāhanga porowhita te porowhita i titoa ki ngā niho maha, ina honoa ia hononga o te mekameka ki te niho porowhita, ka hanga te rārangi pokapū o te mekameka i tētahi piko kati i titoa ki ētahi rārangi whati. He rite tēnei piko ki tētahi porowhita ōrite (nō reira te ingoa "pānga porowhita"). Ko te maha o ngā taha o tēnei "porowhita" he rite ki te maha o ngā niho i runga i te porowhita, ā, ko te roa o te taha o te "porowhita" he rite ki te pikinga mekameka (te tawhiti i waenga i ngā pokapū o ngā roera e rua e tata ana).

(II) Te Tuku Nekehanga o te Pīrere Taraiwa

Ina huri te pīrere taraiwa i te tere koki pumau ω₁, ka pumau te tere porowhita o ia niho i runga i te pīrere taraiwa (v₁ = ω₁ × r₁, ko r₁ te radius pitch o te pīrere taraiwa). Heoi, nā te mea ka huri tonu te pūwāhi whatunga i waenga i te mekameka me te pīrere i te taha o te kōtaha niho pīrere, ka rerekē te tawhiti mai i te pūwāhi whatunga ki te pokapū pīrere (arā, te radius huri tere) i ia wā i te hurihanga o te pīrere. Ina koa, ina uru pai ngā roera mekameka ki te raro awaawa i waenga i ngā niho pīrere, ko te tawhiti mai i te pūwāhi whatunga ki te pokapū pīrere he iti rawa (tata ki te radius pakiaka niho pīrere); ina pa ngā roera mekameka ki ngā pito niho pīrere, ko te tawhiti mai i te pūwāhi whatunga ki te pokapū pīrere te mōrahi (tata ki te radius pito niho pīrere). Ko tēnei rerekētanga ā-wā i roto i te radius huri tere ka puta tika ai ngā huringa o te tere raina tere o te mekameka.

(III) Te Hurihanga Tere Koki o te Pīrere i Pupurihia

Nā te mea he wāhanga tuku pakari te mekameka (e kiia ana kāore e taea te toro atu i te wā tuku), ka tukuna tika te tere raina inamata o te mekameka ki te pīkau taraiwa. Ko te tere koki inamata ω₂ o te pīkau taraiwa, te tere raina inamata v₂ o te mekameka, me te pūtoro hurihuri inamata r₂' o te pīkau taraiwa e tutuki ai te whanaungatanga ω₂ = v₂ / r₂'.

Nā te mea ka rerekē te tere rārangi inamata v₂ o te mekameka, ka rerekē anō hoki te radius hurihuri inamata r₂' i te pūwāhi whatunga i runga i te pīkau taraiwa i ia wā me te hurihanga o te pīkau taraiwa (he rite tonu te kaupapa ki tērā o te pīkau taraiwa). Ka mahi tahi ēnei āhuatanga e rua ki te whakaatu i ngā rerekētanga auau uaua ake o te tere koki inamata ω₂ o te pīkau taraiwa, ka pā ki te pumau putanga o te pūnaha tuku katoa.

Tuatoru, Whakaaturanga Ataata: Ngā Whakaaturanga Motuhake o te Pānga Porokino

He maha ngā huarahi e kitea ai te pānga o te polygon i roto i ngā pūnaha tuku mekameka roera. Ehara i te mea ka pā noa ki te tika o te tuku engari ka puta hoki te wiri, te haruru, me ētahi atu raruraru. Ka taea hoki e te mahi roa te whakateretere i te pakaru o ngā wāhanga me te whakaiti i te roa o te ora o ngā taputapu. Ko ngā āhuatanga motuhake ko ēnei e whai ake nei:

(1) Te Hurihuri ā-Wā o te Tere Tuku

Koinei te whakaaturanga tino tika, tino matua hoki o te pānga porowhita. Ko te tere raina inamata o te mekameka me te tere koki inamata o te porowhita kua peia e whakaatu ana i ngā huringa ā-wā i te wā e hurihuri ana te porowhita. He hononga tata te auau o ēnei huringa ki te tere hurihuri o te porowhita me te maha o ngā niho: ko te teitei ake o te tere porowhita me te iti ake o ngā niho, ko te teitei ake o te auau o ngā huringa tere. Hei tāpiri, ko te kaha o ngā huringa tere e pā ana hoki ki te teitei o te mekameka me te maha o ngā niho porowhita: ko te nui ake o te teitei o te mekameka me te iti ake o ngā niho porowhita, ko te nui ake o te kaha o ngā huringa tere.

Hei tauira, i roto i tētahi pūnaha taraiwa mekameka roera me te iti o ngā niho (hei tauira, z = 10) me te nui o te piko (hei tauira, p = 25.4mm), ina huri te porotiti taraiwa i te tere teitei (hei tauira, n = 1500 r/min), ka taea e te tere raina inamata o te mekameka te huri haere i runga i te whānuitanga whānui, ka puta he "peke" kitea i roto i te tikanga mahi taraiwa (hei tauira, te whitiki kawe, te pou taputapu mīhini, me ētahi atu), ka tino pā ki te tika o te tuku me te kounga mahi. (2) Te Pānga me te Wiri

Nā te huringa ohorere o te tere o te mekameka (mai i tētahi ahunga pikopiko ki tētahi atu), ka puta he kawenga pānga i ia wā i te wā e honoa ana te mekameka me te porotiti. Ka tukuna tēnei kawenga pānga mā roto i te mekameka ki ngā wāhanga pēnei i te porotiti, te pou, me ngā peera, ka puta te wiri puta noa i te pūnaha tuku.

E pā ana hoki te auau o te wiri ki te tere hurihuri o te sprocket me te maha o ngā niho. Ina tata te auau wiri, ina ōrite rānei ki te auau tūturu o te taputapu, ka puta te haruru, ka whakanui ake i te kaha o te wiri. Ehara i te mea ka pā noa tēnei ki te mahi noa o te taputapu engari ka taea hoki te whakangāwari me te kino o ngā wāhanga, ā, ka arahi pea ki ngā aituā haumaru.

(3) Te Parahanga Haruru

Ko te pānga me te wiri ngā tino take o te haruru. I te wā e tukuna ana te mekameka roera, ko te pānga o te hononga i waenga i te mekameka me te sprocket, te tukinga i waenga i ngā nekehanga mekameka, me te haruru hanganga i puta mai i te wiri e tukuna ana ki te anga taputapu, ka whai wāhi katoa ēnei ki te haruru o ngā pūnaha tuku mekameka roera.

Ka nui ake te kitea o te pānga o te porowhita (hei tauira, he nui ake te papa, he iti ake ngā niho, he tere hurihuri teitei ake), ka kaha ake te pānga me te wiri, ā, ka nui ake te haruru e puta mai ana. Ko te roa o te wā e pāngia ana e ngā taumata haruru teitei, ehara i te mea ka pā ki te whakarongo o ngā kaiwhakahaere anake, engari ka whakararuraru hoki i te whakahaere whakaputa me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i te papaanga, ka whakaiti i te pai o te mahi.

(IV) Te pikinga o te kakahu o ngā wāhanga

Ka tere ake te pakaru o ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā mekameka roera, ngā pīkau, ngā toki, me ngā peera nā ngā kawenga pānga huringa me te wiri.

Te Whakamau o te Mekameka: Ka whakanuia e te pānga te ahotea pa i waenga i ngā roera mekameka, ngā pū, me ngā pine, ka tere ake te whakamau, ka roa haere te nekehanga o te mekameka (e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te "totoro mekameka"), ka nui ake te kino o te pānga o te porowhita.

Te Pakaru o te Pīni: Mā te pānga me te waku pinepine i waenga i ngā niho pīni me ngā roera mekameka ka pakaru te mata o te niho, ka koi te pito o te niho, ka pakaru hoki te pakiaka o te niho, ka heke te mahi honohono o te pīni.

Te Pakaru o te Toka me te Peera: Ka pāngia ngā toka me ngā peera e ngā kawenga radial me te axial tāpiri nā te wiri me te pānga, ka tere ake te pakaru o ngā wāhanga hurihuri o te peera, ngā reihi o roto, o waho hoki, me ngā porowhita, ka whakaiti i te roa o te mahi a te peera, ā, ka piko pea te toka.

(V) Te Whakaiti i te Whai Hua o te Tuku

Ka whakaitihia te pai o te tuku o ngā pūnaha tuku mekameka roera e te pānga o te pānga porowhita. I tētahi taha, ka taea e ngā rerekētanga tere te whakararu i te mahi a te mīhini mahi, me te hiahia kia nui ake te pūngao hei wikitoria i ngā kawenga tāpiri i puta mai i ngā rerekētanga. I tētahi atu taha, ka whakanuia e te nui haere o te kakahu te ātete ki te waku i waenga i ngā wāhanga, ka piki ake te ngaronga pūngao. I roto i te whakamahinga roa, ka taea e tēnei whakaiti i te pai te whakanui ake i te whakapaunga pūngao o ngā taputapu me te whakapiki i ngā utu whakaputa.

Tuawhā, Te Urupare Pūtaiao: Ngā Rautaki Whai Hua hei Whakaiti i te Pānga o te Poroni

Ahakoa he āhuatanga tūturu te pānga o te porowhita i roto i ngā tuku mekameka roera, ā, kāore e taea te whakakore katoa, ka taea te whakaiti i tēnei mā te hoahoa tika, te whiriwhiri, me ngā mahi tiaki, kia pai ake ai te maeneene, te tika, me te roa o te mahi o te pūnaha tuku. Ko ngā rautaki motuhake e whai ake nei:

(I) Te Arotau i te Hoahoa me te Kōwhiringa o te Sprocket

Te Whakanui i te Tau o ngā Niho Pīra: Ahakoa te tutuki i te ōwehenga tuku me ngā whakaritenga wāhi tāutanga, mā te whakanui tika i te tau o ngā niho pīra ka taea te whakaiti i te ōwehenga o te tau o ngā taha ki te roa o te "porogon", ka whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te radius tahuri inamata, ā, ka whakaitihia te nui o ngā rerekētanga tere. I te nuinga o te wā, kaua te tau o ngā niho i runga i te pīra taraiwa e iti rawa (i te nuinga o te wā, kaua e iti iho i te 17 ngā niho e taunakihia ana). Mō ngā tuku tere-teitei, mō ngā tono rānei e hiahia ana ki te maeneene teitei, me whiriwhiri he tau nui ake o ngā niho pīra (hei tauira, 25, neke atu rānei). Te Whakaiti i ngā hapa diameter pitch pīra: Mā te whakapai ake i te tika o te miihini pīra me te whakaiti i ngā hapa hanga me ngā hapa oma porohita i roto i te diameter pitch pīra ka whakarite kia maeneene ake ngā huringa i roto i te radius huri inamata o te pūwāhi whatunga i te wā e huri ana te pīra, ka whakaiti i te ru me te wiri.

Te whakamahi i ngā pītiti me ngā kōtaha niho motuhake: Mō ngā tono e hiahia ana ki te tuku tino maeneene, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pītiti me ngā kōtaha niho motuhake (pērā i ngā pītiti āhua-āwhata). Mā ngā niho āhua-āwhata ka maeneene ake te tukanga honohono i waenga i te mekameka me te pītiti, ka whakaiti i te ru honohono, ā, ka whakaiti i te pānga o te pānga porowhita.

(II) Te Kōwhiri Tika i ngā Tawhā Mekameka

Te whakaiti i te teitei o te mekameka: Ko te teitei o te mekameka tētahi o ngā tawhā matua e pā ana ki te pānga o te porowhita. Ko te iti o te teitei, ko te iti o te roa taha o te "porowhita" me te iti o te piki me te heke o te tere raina inamata o te mekameka. Nō reira, i te mea e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga kaha kawe kawenga, me whiriwhiri ngā mekameka he iti ake ngā teitei. Mō ngā tono tuku tere-teitei, tika, e taunakihia ana ngā mekameka roera he iti ngā teitei (pērā i ngā paerewa ISO 06B me 08A). Te whiriwhiri i ngā mekameka tino-tika: Ko te whakapai ake i te tika o te hanga mekameka, pērā i te whakaiti i te peka o te teitei o te mekameka, te oma porowhita roera, me te ātea o te pine-pū, ka whakarite kia maeneene ake te nekehanga mekameka i te wā e mahi ana, ā, ka whakaiti i te pānga porowhita e kino ake ana i te kore tika o te mekameka.

Te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakapūmau: Mā te whirihora tika i ngā taputapu whakapūmau mekameka (pērā i ngā whakapūmau puna me ngā whakapūmau taumaha) ka mau tonu te whakapūmau tika o te mekameka, ka whakaiti i te ngoikore me te wiri o te mekameka i te wā e whakamahia ana, ā, ka whakaiti i te pānga me te piki me te heke o te tere i puta mai i te pānga o te porowhita.

(III) Te whakahaere i ngā tawhā whakahaere o te pūnaha tuku
Te whakawhāiti i te tere tuku: Ko te teitei ake o te tere o te sprocket, ko te nui ake o te piki me te heke o te tere, te pānga, me te wiri i puta mai i te pānga polygon. Nō reira, i te wā e hoahoa ana i te pūnaha tuku, me whakawhāiti tika te tere tuku i runga i ngā whakaritenga o te mekameka me te sprocket. Mō ngā mekameka roera paerewa, ko te tere mōrahi e whakaaetia ana ka whakahuatia mārama i roto i te pukapuka hua, ā, me piri tonu.

Te arotau i te ōwehenga tuku: Mā te whiriwhiri i tētahi ōwehenga tuku e tika ana, me te karo i ngā ōwehenga nui rawa (ina koa i roto i te tuku whakaheke tere) ka taea te whakaiti i ngā piki me ngā heke o te tere koki o te porotiti taraiwa. I roto i tētahi pūnaha tuku maha-wāhanga, me tuku te ōwehenga tuku teitei rawa ki te wāhanga tere iti hei whakaiti i te pānga o te pānga polygon ki te wāhanga tere teitei ake.

(IV) Whakapakari i te Tāutanga me te Tiaki Taputapu

Kia tika te tāutanga: I te wā e tāuta ana i tētahi pūnaha tuku mekameka roera, kia tika te whakarite kei roto i te awhe e whakaaetia ana te hapa whakarara i waenga i ngā toki porowhita taraiwa me te porowhita taraiwa, te hapa tawhiti pokapū i waenga i ngā porowhita e rua, me te hapa rere porowhita o te pito porowhita. Mā te kore tika o te tāutanga ka nui ake te kore taurite o te kawenga me te hononga ngoikore i waenga i te mekameka me te porowhita, ka nui ake te pānga o te porowhita.

Te Whakahinuhinu me te Tiaki Auau: Mā te whakahinuhinu auau i te mekameka roera me ngā porotiti ka taea te whakaiti i te waku i waenga i ngā wāhanga, te puhoi o te pakaru, te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi a te mekameka me ngā porotiti, me te whakaiti hoki i te ru me te wiri ki tētahi taumata. Kōwhiria he hinu whakahinuhinu tika (pēnei i te hinu, te hinu rānei) i runga i te taiao mahi me ngā āhuatanga o te taputapu, ka whakahinuhinu me te tirotiro i te taputapu i ngā wā kua whakaritea. Whakakapia wawetia ngā wāhanga kua pakaru: Ina whakaatu te mekameka i te roa o te pitch (neke atu i te 3% o te pitch taketake), he nui te pakaru o te roera, he nui ake rānei te pakaru o te niho porotiti i te rohe kua whakaritea, me whakakapi wawetia te mekameka, te porotiti rānei kia kore ai e nui rawa te pakaru o ngā wāhanga ka whakanui ake i te pānga polygon, ka arahi pea ki te pakaru o te taputapu.

Tuarima, Whakarāpopototanga
Ko te pānga o ngā mekameka roera he āhuatanga tūturu o tō rātou hanganga tuku. He pānga nui ki te mahi me te roa o te ratonga o te pūnaha tuku mā te pā ki te pumau o te tere tuku, te whakaputa i te wiri me te haruru o te ru, me te whakateretere i te kakahu o ngā wāhanga. Heoi, mā te mārama pai ki ngā mātāpono me ngā whakaaturanga motuhake o te pānga porohita me te whakatinana i ngā rautaki whakaiti pūtaiao me te tika (pēnei i te arotau i te kōwhiringa porohita me te mekameka, te whakahaere i ngā tawhā whakahaere, me te whakapakari i te tāutanga me te tiaki), ka taea e tātou te whakaiti i ngā pānga kino o te pānga porohita me te whakamahi katoa i ngā painga o te tuku mekameka roera.