Te awe o te wai tinei polymer ki te mahi a te mekameka roera

Te awe o te wai tinei polymer ki te mahi a te mekameka roera
I roto i te mara ahumahi,mekameka roeraHe wāhanga tuku nui te miihini, ā, e pā tika ana tōna mahi ki te pai o te mahi me te pumau o ngā taputapu mīhini. Hei hononga matua ki te whakapai ake i te mahi a te mekameka roera, he mea nui te whiriwhiri me te whakamahi i te wai tinei i roto i te tukanga maimoatanga wera. Hei reo tinei noa, kei te whakamahia whānuitia te wai tinei polymer i roto i te maimoatanga wera o te mekameka roera. Ka tūhuratia hohonutia e tēnei tuhinga te pānga o te wai tinei polymer ki te mahi a te mekameka roera.

1. Ngā rauemi me ngā whakaritenga mahi taketake o te mekameka roera
Ko te mekameka roera he mea hanga i te maitai waro, te maitai koranu me ētahi atu rauemi. I muri i te tukatuka me te hanga, me whakamahana ēnei rauemi kia pai ake ai te pakeke, te ātete ki te kakahu, te ātete ki te ngenge me ētahi atu āhuatanga kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi rerekē. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā pūnaha tuku tere-nui me ngā pūnaha kawenga-taumaha, me nui ake te pakeke me te kaha o ngā mekameka roera kia tu atu ai i ngā kaha taumaha me ngā kaha pānga; i roto i ētahi taputapu e tīmata ana, e mutu ana hoki i ngā wā katoa, mā te ātete ki te ngenge ka roa ake te ora o ngā mekameka roera.

2. Tirohanga whānui o te wai tinei polymer
He mea hanga te wai tinei polymer i tētahi polymer ngota ngota teitei kore-ionic (PAG) motuhake, me tētahi tāpiringa hiato ka taea te whiwhi i ētahi atu āhuatanga āwhina me te nui o te wai e tika ana. Ki te whakatauritea ki te hinu tinei tuku iho me te wai, he maha ngā painga o te wai tinei polymer pērā i te tere whakamatao ka taea te whakarerekē, te tiaki taiao, me te utu iti o te whakamahinga. Kei waenganui i te wai me te hinu ōna āhuatanga whakamatao, ā, ka taea e ia te whakahaere pai i te tere whakamatao i te wā o te tukanga tinei o te mea mahi, ka whakaiti i te āhua o te whakarerekētanga me te pakaru o te mea mahi.

3. Te pānga o te wai tinei polymer ki te mahi a te mekameka roera
(I) Te pakeke me te kaha
Ina tineia te mekameka roera i roto i te wai tineia polymer, ka rewa te polymer i roto i te wai tineia i te pāmahana teitei, ā, ka hanga he paninga wai-nui ki runga i te mata o te mekameka roera. Ka taea e tēnei paninga te whakarite i te tere whakamatao o te mekameka roera kia taurite te tere whakamatao i roto i te awhe whakawhiti martensitic, kia whiwhi ai i te hanganga martensitic ōrite me te pai. Ki te whakatauritea ki te tineia wai, ka taea e te wai tineia polymer te whakaiti i te tere whakamatao tineia, te whakaiti i te ahotea tineia, me te karo i ngā kapiti tineia i puta mai i te tere whakamatao nui o te mekameka roera; ki te whakatauritea ki te tineia hinu, he tere ake te tere whakamatao, ā, ka taea e ia te whiwhi i te pakeke me te kaha teitei ake. Hei tauira, ko te pakeke o te mekameka roera kua tineia ki te kukū tika o te wai tineia polymer ka eke ki te awhe HRC30-HRC40. Ki te whakatauritea ki te mekameka roera kāore anō kia tineia, ki te whakamahi rānei i ētahi atu momo tineia, ka tino pai ake te pakeke me te kaha, kia pai ake ai te kaha kawe me te ātete kakahu o te mekameka roera.
(II) Ātete kakahu
He mea nui te ātete pai ki te kakahu hei whakamana i te mahi noa o te mekameka roera. Ko te kiriata polymer i hangaia e te wai tinei polymer i runga i te mata o te mekameka roera, ehara i te mea ka taea anake te whakatika i te tere whakamatao, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te waikura me te tango waro o te mekameka roera i te wā o te tukanga tinei ki tētahi taumata, me te pupuri i te mahi whakarewa me te pono o te mata o te mekameka roera. I roto i te tukanga whakamahinga i muri mai, ka teitei ake te pakeke o te mata o te mekameka roera i tineihia ki te wai tinei polymer, ka taea te ātete pai i te waku me te kakahu i waenga i te roera me te pereti mekameka, te rakau pine me ētahi atu wāhanga, me te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi o te mekameka roera. I taua wā anō, ka āwhina hoki te tohatoha hanganga moroiti tinei ōrite ki te whakapai ake i te ātete kakahu whānui o te mekameka roera, kia taea ai tonu te pupuri i te tika me te pai o te tuku i te wā roa o te mahi.
(III) Ātete ki te ngenge
I raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi tūturu, he maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā mekameka roera e te ahotea piko me te ahotea kume, e hiahiatia ana kia tino ātete ki te ngenge ngā mekameka roera. Ka taea e te wai tinei polymer te whakaiti i te ahotea toenga i roto i te mekameka roera mā te whakahaere i te tohatoha ahotea i te wā o te tukanga whakamatao tinei, ā, ka whakapai ake i te kaha ngenge o te mekameka roera. Ka pā te noho o te ahotea toenga ki te tīmatanga o te pakaru ngenge me te whanonga whānui o te mekameka roera i raro i te kawenga huringa, ā, mā te whakamahi tika i te wai tinei polymer ka taea te whakapai ake i te āhua ahotea toenga o te mekameka roera, kia taea ai te tu atu i ngā huringa maha me te kore e kino te ngenge ina pāngia e te ahotea tauutuutu. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau whakamātautau ka taea te whakaroa i te roa o te ora whati o ngā mekameka roera i rongoatia ki te wai tinei polymer i roto i ngā whakamātautau ngenge i ngā wā maha, tae atu ki ngā tekau wā ki ngā mekameka roera kāore i rongoatia, he mea nui tēnei mō te whakapai ake i te pono o ngā taputapu miihini me te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki.
(IV) Te pumau o ngā āhuatanga
I te wā e tinei ana, ka pāngia te tika o te rahinga o te mekameka roera e ngā āhuatanga maha pēnei i te tere whakamatao me te ahotea tinei. Nā te mea he ōrite te tere whakamatao o te wai tinei polymer, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē, ka taea te whakaiti i te ahotea wera me te ahotea hanganga o te mekameka roera i te wā e tinei ana, ā, ka pai ake te pumau o te rahinga o te mekameka roera. Ki te whakatauritea ki te tinei wai, ka taea e te wai tinei polymer te whakaiti i te rerekētanga tinei o te mekameka roera me te whakaiti i te mahi whakatikatika tukatuka miihini i muri mai; ki te whakatauritea ki te tinei hinu, he tere ake tōna tere whakamatao, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pakeke me te kaha o te mekameka roera i raro i te kaupapa o te whakarite i te pumau o te rahinga. Mā tēnei ka taea e te mekameka roera te whakatutuki pai ake i ngā whakaritenga rahi hoahoa i muri i te tinei ki te wai tinei polymer, te whakapai ake i te tika o te huihuinga me te tika o te tuku, me te whakarite i te mahi noa o ngā taputapu miihini.

4. Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te mahi a te wai tinei polymer i runga i te mekameka roera
(I) Te kukū wai tinei
Ko te kukū o te wai tinei pūmua tētahi o ngā mea matua e pā ana ki te mahi whakamatao me te pānga tinei mekameka roera. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te teitei ake o te kukū o te wai tinei, ko te nui ake o te pūmua, ko te matotoru ake o te paninga i hangaia, ā, ko te puhoi ake o te tere whakamatao. Me whiriwhiri e ngā mekameka roera o ngā rauemi me ngā whakaritenga rerekē te kukū wai tinei tika kia tutuki ai te mahi tinei pai rawa atu. Hei tauira, mō ētahi mekameka roera iti māmā, ka taea te whakamahi i te kukū iti ake o te wai tinei pūmua, pērā i te 3%-8%; mō ngā mekameka roera nui taumaha, me whakanui ake te kukū o te wai tinei ki te 10%-20%, neke atu rānei, kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga mō te pakeke me te kaha. I roto i te whakaputanga tuturu, me tino whakahaere te kukū o te wai tinei, ā, me whakahaere ngā tirotiro me ngā whakatikatika auau kia mau ai te kounga o te tinei.
(II) Te pāmahana tinei
He pānga nui anō hoki te pāmahana tinei ki te mahi a te mekameka roera. Ka taea e te pāmahana tinei teitei ake te whakanui ake i ngā kongakonga austenite i roto i te mekameka roera, engari he ngāwari hoki te whakaiti i te pakeke me te pakari i muri i te tinei, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o ngā pakaru tinei; ki te iti rawa te pāmahana tinei, kāore pea e ranea te pakeke me te hanganga martensitic, ka pā ki te whakapainga mahi o te mekameka roera. Mō ngā whakaritenga rerekē o te maitai me te mekameka roera, me whakatau te awhe pāmahana tinei e tika ana kia rite ki ō rātou āhuatanga rauemi me ngā whakaritenga tukanga. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te pāmahana tinei o te mekameka roera maitai waro kei waenganui i te 800℃-900℃, ko te pāmahana tinei o te mekameka roera maitai koranu he paku teitei ake, i te nuinga o te wā kei waenganui i te 850℃-950℃. I roto i te mahi tinei, me tino whakahaere te ōritetanga me te tika o te pāmahana whakamahana kia kore ai e rerekē te mahi a te mekameka roera nā te piki me te heke o te pāmahana.
(III) Te tohanga me te whakaoho o te wai whakamatao
I te wā e tinei ana, he pānga nui te rere me te whakaoho o te reo whakamatao ki te pai o te whakawhiti wera i waenga i te wai tinei polymer me te mekameka roera. Mā te rere pai me te whakaoho ka taea te whakapiri katoa i te wai tinei ki te mata o te mekameka roera, ka tere ake te whakawhiti wera, ka whakapai ake i te ōritetanga o te tere tinei. Mena kāore i te maeneene te rere o te reo whakamatao, ka tere rawa te piki o te pāmahana o te wai tinei i te rohe, ka puta he tere whakamatao koretake i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te mekameka roera, ka nui rawa te ahotea tinei me te whakarerekētanga. Nō reira, i te wā e hoahoa ana, e whakamahi ana hoki i te tāke tinei, me whakarite he pūnaha whakaoho rere e tika ana hei whakarite kia pai te rere o te wai tinei, kia pai ai te tinei o te mekameka roera.
(IV) Āhua o te mata o te mekameka roera
Ka pā anō hoki te āhua o te mata o te mekameka roera ki te hua whakamatao me te mahi whakamutunga o te wai tinei polymer. Hei tauira, ki te mea he paru pēnei i te hinu, ngā kongakonga rino, te unahi, me ētahi atu mea kei runga i te mata o te mekameka roera, ka pā ki te hanganga me te piri o te kiriata polymer, ka whakaiti i te mahi whakamatao o te wai tinei, ā, ka hua ake he pakeke tinei kāore i te ōrite, he pakaru tinei rānei. Nō reira, i mua i te tinei, me tino horoia te mata o te mekameka roera kia tino ma ai tōna mata, kia kore ai he hapa pēnei i te hinu me te unahi, kia tino taea ai e te wai tinei polymer te mahi i tana mahi me te whakapai ake i te kounga tinei o te mekameka roera.
(V) Te whakamahinga o ngā tāpiringa
Hei whakapai ake i te mahi a te wai tinei polymer me te whakapai ake i te pānga tinei o te mekameka roera, ka tāpirihia ētahi tāpiri motuhake ki te wai tinei. Hei tauira, mā te tāpiri i te aukati waikura ka ārai i te waikura o te mekameka roera i muri i te tinei me te whakaroa i tōna roanga mahi; mā te tāpiri i te kai tango pahuka ka whakaiti i te pahuka e puta ana i te wā tinei me te whakapai ake i te mahi me te haumaru o te wai tinei; mā te tāpiri i te matū horoi ka whakapai ake i te makuku me te piri o te wai tinei polymer, ka whakarei ake i tōna pānga pa ki te mata o te mekameka roera, me te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakamatao. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana me te whakamahi i ngā tāpiri, me taurite tika kia rite ki te tukanga tinei motuhake me ngā whakaritenga mahi mekameka roera, ā, me tino whakahaere te nui o ngā tāpiri kia kore ai e pā kino ki te mahi a te wai tinei.

5. Te tiaki me te whakahaere i te wai tinei polymer
Hei whakarite i te pumau me te mahi roa o te wai tinei polymer i te wā e tukatukahia ana te mekameka roera, he mea tika kia tiakina me te whakahaere pai.
Te kimi kukū auau: Whakamahia ngā taputapu ngaio pēnei i ngā refractometer hei kimi i te kukū o te wai tinei i ia wā, ā, whakatikatikahia i te wā tika kia rite ki ngā hua whakamātautau. E taunakihia ana kia whakamātauria te kukū kotahi i te wiki. Mēnā ka kitea kua hipa te kukū i ngā whakaritenga o te tukanga, me whakaranu, me tāpiri rānei he otinga polymer hou i te wā tika.
Whakahaere i te nui o te poke: Horoia tonutia ngā poke me te hinu e mānu ana i raro i te tāke tinei hei ārai i te nui o ngā poke kei pā ki te mahi whakamatao me te roa o te mahi o te wai tinei. Ka taea te tāuta i tētahi pūnaha tātari hei huri me te tātari i te wai tinei hei tango i ngā poke totoka pērā i ngā kongakonga rino me te unahi waikura.
Ārai i te tipu o ngā huakita: He ngāwari te wai tinei polymer ki te whakaputa huakita i te wā e whakamahia ana, ka heke te mahi. Nō reira, me tāpiri tonu ngā patu huakita, me te pupuri i te wai tinei kia ma, kia pai te hauhautanga kia kore ai e tipu ngā huakita. I te nuinga o te wā, ka tāpirihia ngā patu huakita i ia rua wiki, ā, ka aro nui ki te whakahaere i te pāmahana me te uara pH o te wai tinei kia mau tonu ai i roto i te awhe e tika ana.
Kia tūpato ki te pūnaha whakamatao: Tirohia me te tiaki i te pūnaha whakamatao o te tāke tinei i ia wā, i ia wā, kia tino taea ai te whakahaere i te pāmahana o te wai tinei. Mēnā ka rahua te pūnaha whakamatao, ka nui rawa, ka iti rawa rānei te pāmahana o te wai tinei, ka pā ki te mahi whakamatao me te kounga tinei o te mekameka roera. Tirohia tonu mēnā kua āraia te paipa whakamatao, mēnā kei te mahi tika te papu wai whakamatao, me ētahi atu, ā, me mahi i ngā whakatikatika me ngā tiaki i te wā tika.

6. Whakamutunga
He mea nui te wai tinei pūmua i roto i te tukanga whakamahana o ngā mekameka roera. Mā te whakarerekē i te tere whakamatao tinei me te arotau i te hanganga whakahaere o roto, ka whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga whānui o ngā mekameka roera, pērā i te pakeke, te kaha, te ātete ki te kakahu, te ātete ki te ngenge me te pumau o ngā āhuatanga. Heoi, kia tino whai hua ai ngā painga o te wai tinei pūmua me te whiwhi i te mahi mekameka roera tino pai, me whai whakaaro whānui ki ngā āhuatanga maha pērā i te kukū o te wai tinei, te pāmahana tinei, te tohanga me te whakaoho o te reo whakamatao, te āhua o te mata o te mekameka roera me te whakamahinga o ngā tāpiringa, me te pupuri me te whakahaere i te wai tinei. Mā tēnei anake ka taea e tātou te whakarite kia taea e ngā mekameka roera te mahi pumau me te pono i roto i ngā taputapu miihini me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga mahi teitei o te hanga ahumahi hou mō ngā wāhanga tuku.