Te Pānga o te Pāmahana Whakamātao ki te Mahi a ngā Pereti Mekameka Roera Isothermal

Te Pānga o te Pāmahana Whakamahana ki te Mahi a ngā Pereti Mekameka Roera Isothermal: Ngā Paearu Kounga Matua me Mōhio e Ngā Kaihoko Katoa

I roto i te umanga tuku hiko ahumahi,mekameka roeraKo te mahi te mea e whakatau tika ana i te whai huatanga o te taputapu me te roa o te ratonga. Hei wāhanga matua, kawenga o te mekameka roera, he mea tino nui te kounga o te pereti mekameka isothermal. He hononga tata te mahi a te pereti mekameka ki te tukanga maimoatanga wera, me te pāmahana whakamahana, he tawhā matua, he awe nui ki ngā tohu matua pēnei i te pakeke o te mekameka, te pakari, me te ātete ki te kakahu.

1. Te Hononga Taketake i waenganui i ngā Pereti Mekameka Isothermal me te Tukanga Whakamahana
Ko ngā pereti mekameka isothermal he wāhanga matua i hangaia mā te tukanga austempering, e whakarato ana i tētahi taumata o te pakari me te pupuri tonu i te kaha. Ko te whakamahana, te taahiraa whakamutunga o te maimoatanga wera, ka whakakore i ngā ahotea o roto i muri i te tineia, ka whakatika i te hanganga o roto o te konganuku, ā, i te mutunga ka whakatau i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te mekameka.

I te wā e whakamahana ana, ahakoa he iti noa ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana, ka taea e rātou te whakarerekē i te hanganga whakarewa o roto o te pereti mekameka. Ina iti rawa te pāmahana whakamahana, ka toe tonu te nui o te hanganga martensite i hangaia i te wā e whakamahana ana. Ahakoa e mau tonu ana te pakeketanga, kāore e tukuna katoatia ngā ahotea o roto, ka nui ake te pakarukaru o te mekameka. Mena he teitei rawa te pāmahana, ka tino pirau te martensite, ka tino whakaiti i te kaha me te pakeke o te mekameka, ka kore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga kawenga. Nō reira, ko te whakahaere tika i te pāmahana whakamahana he hangarau matua mō te whakataurite i ngā āhuatanga mahi rerekē o te mekameka.

2. Te Pānga o te Pāmahana Whakamātao ki te Pakeketanga o te Mekameka: Te Taurite i te Kaha me te Whaihua
Ko te pakeketanga he tohu matua mō te kaha o te mekameka ki te pikau kawenga, ā, e pā tika ana ki te kaha o te mekameka roera ki te ātete i te whakarerekētanga i raro i ngā kawenga nui. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga whakamātautau i tētahi hononga kino nui i waenga i te pāmahana whakamahana me te pakeketanga o te mekameka.

Ina kei waenganui i te 200°C me te 300°C te pāmahana whakamahana, ka taea te pupuri i te pakeke o te mekameka i waenganui i te 38 me te 42 HRC, he awhe e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga kawenga o te nuinga o ngā tono tuku ahumahi. I tēnei pāmahana, he pai, he ōrite te tohatoha o ngā matūriki carbide i roto i te mekameka, e pupuri ana i te kaha teitei i tutuki i muri i te tineia, me te whakakore hoki i ētahi ahotea o roto mā te whakamahana pāmahana iti. Mena ka piki ake te pāmahana ki te 350-450°C, ka heke te pakeke ki te 30-35 HRC. Ahakoa ka heke te kaha, ka tino pai ake te pakari, ka pai mō ngā taputapu e hiahia ana kia tīmata pinepine. Heoi, ina neke atu te pāmahana i te 500°C, ka heke te pakeke ki raro i te 25 HRC, ā, ka ngāwari te pereti mekameka ki te whakarerekētanga kirihou, ka pai mō ngā āhuatanga tuku ngāwari me ngā kawenga māmā me ngā tere iti.

Me whiriwhiri e ngā kaihoko ngā pereti mekameka me te pāmahana whakamahana e tika ana mō te taumahatanga o ā rātou taputapu. Hei tauira, ko ngā mekameka roera mō ngā mīhini keri, me tu atu ki te pānga nui, me whakamahana ki te 250°C mō ngā mekameka pakeke-teitei. Ko ngā mekameka taraiwa mō ngā raina tukatuka kai, i tētahi atu ringa, ka taea te whakamahana ki te 350°C mō ngā mekameka pakeke-waenga, kia taurite ai te pakari me te ātete ki te kakahu.

3. Te Pakari me te Ātete ki te Ngenge: Te Pānga Huna o te Pāmahana Whakamātao
Ko te pakari o te pereti mekameka e whakatau ana i tōna ātete pānga, ko te ātete ngenge ia e whakatau ana i te roanga o te ora o te mekameka roera. Ahakoa he uaua ki te ine tika, he mea nui ēnei tohu e rua ki te mahi roa o ngā taputapu, ā, e pāngia ana e te hohonutanga o te pāmahana whakamahana. Ko te whakamahana pāmahana iti (i raro iho i te 200°C) ka hua ake he ahotea toenga teitei i roto i te pereti mekameka, ka hua ake he koretake te pakari me te ngawari ki te pakaru i raro i te pānga maha. I te pikinga o te pāmahana whakamahana ki te 300-400°C, ka tukuna mārire te ahotea toenga, ka ora anō te pakari o te matrix ferrite, ā, ka taea te whakanui ake i te ātete pānga o te pereti mekameka neke atu i te 30%. I tēnei pāmahana, he iti ake te tūponotanga o te pereti mekameka ki te pakaru i raro i ngā kawenga wā-poto, he mea pai mō ngā mīhini e tīmata ana, e mutu ana hoki, pērā i ngā taputapu tā me ngā kerēne.

Ka eke te ātete ki te ngenge ki tōna taumata teitei ina whakamahanatia i te 400-450°C. Ka whakatairangahia e tēnei awhe pāmahana te maturuturunga o te carbide ōrite, ka hanga he hanganga bainite whakamahana pumau e ārai ana i te tīmatanga me te horapa o te pakaru ngenge. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau ka taea e ngā pereti mekameka whakamahanatia i te 420°C te whakaroa i tō rātou ora ngenge mā te 2-3 ngā wā ki te whakataurite ki ngā hua rite kua whakamahanatia i te 200°C.

Mō ngā taputapu e mahi tonu ana mō ngā wā roa, pērā i ngā kaikawe me ngā mīhini hanga pepa, mā te whiriwhiri i ngā pereti mekameka kua whakamahanatia ki te 400°C ka taea te whakaiti i te auau tiaki. I roto i ngā horopaki he iti ake ngā kawenga pānga, mā te whakanui tika i te pāmahana whakamahana kia roa ake ai te ora o te ngenge ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere katoa.

4. Te Ātete ki te Mau me te Ātete ki te Waikura: Te Uara Tāpiri o te Pāmahana Whakamātao

Haunga ngā āhuatanga hangarau, ka pāngia hoki te mekameka e te pāmahana whakapakeketanga ki te mau me te ātete ki te waikura, he mea tino nui tēnei i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi uaua.

I te pāmahana whakamahana o te 300-400°C, he matotoru te hanganga o te kiriata waikura i hangaia ki te mata o te mekameka, e tiaki ana i te pakaru mai i ngā poke o te hinu whakahinuhinu. Hei tāpiri, he pakeke te mata o ngā mekameka e rongoatia ana i roto i tēnei awhe pāmahana, e whakaiti ana i te pakaru o ngā roera me ngā pine, ā, e whakaiti ana hoki i ngā para whakarewa i te wā e tukuna ana.

I ngā taiao haukū, waikura rānei, ka pai ake te mahi a ngā mekameka kua whakamaroketia ki runga ake i te 450°C. Ka whakaitihia e ngā pāmahana whakamaroketia teitei ake te nui o te waro i roto i te mekameka, ka whakaitihia te tūponotanga o te waikura intergranular, me te whakatairanga hoki i te hanganga o te kiriata kore mahi me te whakapai ake i te ātete ki te waikura. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā taputapu tukatuka wai, ko te roanga o te ora o te mekameka kua whakamaroketia ki te 500°C he 1.5 ngā wā i tērā o te mekameka kua whakamaroketia ki te 300°C.

Me whai whakaaro nui ngā kaihoko ki te taiao mahi i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te mekameka. I roto i ngā taiao keri puehu, ko te mekameka ātete-pakaru kua whakamahanatia ki te 350°C te mea pai ake. I roto i ngā mīhini ahuwhenua makuku, ko te mekameka ātete-waikura kua whakamahanatia ki te 450°C, neke atu rānei.

5. Aratohu Whakatau Hoko: Me pēhea te Kōwhiri i te Mekameka i runga i te Pāmahana Whakamahana

I runga i te pānga o te pāmahana whakamātao ki te mahi a te mekameka, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whiriwhiri tika mā te whai i ngā mahi i raro nei:

Tuatahi, whakatauhia ngā whakaritenga matua o ngā taputapu. Mena ko te kaha o te pikaunga te paearu matua, pērā i roto i ngā mīhini whakarewa, whiriwhiria he mekameka kua whakamahanatia i te 250-300°C. Mena ko te ātete ki te ngenge te mea nui, pērā i roto i ngā mīhini kakahu, ko ngā hua kua whakamahanatia i te 400-450°C te mea nui.

Tuarua, arotakehia te taiao mahi. I ngā āhuatanga mahi maroke me te ma, arotahi ki te pakeke. I ngā taiao makuku me te puehu, whakaarohia te ātete ki te kakahu me te ātete ki te waikura, ā, whakapiki ake i te pāmahana whakamahana kia tika.

Hei whakamutunga, manatokohia ngā āheinga whakahaere tukanga a te kaiwhakarato. Ka whakaratohia e ngā kaiwhakarato kounga teitei ngā tawhā pāmahana whakamahana taipitopito me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau mahi hei whakarite i te mahi ōrite puta noa i ia puranga pereti mekameka. E taunakihia ana kia whiriwhiria he kaihanga ka taea te whakahaere tonu i te pāmahana whakamahana i roto i te ātete ±10°C hei karo i ngā mōrearea kounga e puta mai ana i ngā huringa tukanga.