Ngā Whakaritenga Hangarau mō te Huri Mekameka Roera Tika-Teitei

Ngā Whakaritenga Hangarau mō te Huri Mekameka Roera Tika-Teitei

I roto i te umanga tuku hiko ahumahi,mekameka roerahe wāhanga matua mō te tuku hiko me te whakahaere nekehanga. Ko tō rātou tika te mea e whakatau tika ana i te pai o te mahi a te taputapu, te pumau, me te roa o te ratonga. Ko te tukanga huri, te taahiraa whakamutunga ki te whakapai ake i te tika i roto i te hanga mekameka roera, koia te mea nui e wehewehe ana i waenga i ngā mekameka paerewa me ngā mekameka tino tika. Ka rukuhia e tēnei tuhinga ngā whakaritenga hangarau matua mō te huri mekameka roera tino tika, e kapi ana i ngā mātāpono tukanga, te whakahaere taipitopito, ngā paerewa kounga, me ngā horopaki tono, e whakarato ana i te māramatanga whānui mō tēnei hangarau nui e tautoko ana i te hanga taputapu teitei.

1. Te Uara Matua o te Hurihanga Mekameka Roera Tino Tika: He aha i waiho ai hei "Pūnga" mō te Tika o te Tuku

I mua i te matapaki i ngā whakaritenga hangarau, me whakamārama tuatahi tātou: He aha te hiranga o te huri ngaio mō ngā mekameka roera tino tika? Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā tikanga miihini tuku iho pēnei i te huri me te mira, ko te huri, me ōna painga ahurei, kua noho hei huarahi matua mō te whakatutuki i te tika taumata-micron i roto i ngā mekameka roera.

Mai i te tirohanga ahumahi, ahakoa i roto i ngā pūnaha wā miihini i roto i te hanga motuka, i ngā taraiwa kawe mō ngā taputapu whakahaere atamai, i te tuku hiko rānei i roto i ngā taputapu mīhini tino tika, kua nekehia ngā whakaritenga tika o te mekameka roera mai i te taumata mirimita ki te taumata maikorona. Me whakahaere te hapa porowhita roera i roto i te 5μm, me iti iho i te 3μm te manawanui o ngā kōhao pereti mekameka, ā, me eke te taratara o te mata pine ki te Ra0.4μm, iti iho rānei. Ka taea anake te whakatutuki i ēnei whakaritenga tika pakari mā te huri.

Ina koa, ko te uara matua o te huri mekameka roera tino tika kei roto i ngā wāhanga matua e toru:

Te āheinga whakatika hapa: Mā te tapahi tere-teitei o te wira huri, ka tangohia tika te whakarerekētanga me ngā rerekētanga ā-ahu i puta mai i ngā tukanga o mua (pēnei i te hanga me te maimoatanga wera), kia rite ai te āhua o ia wāhanga;

Te whakapai ake i te kounga o te mata: Mā te huri ka whakaiti i te taratara o te mata o te wāhanga, ka whakaiti i te ngaronga o te waku i te wā e whakamahia ana te mekameka, ā, ka roa ake te ora o te mahi;

Te whakapūmau i te tika o te āhuahanga: Mō ngā ātete āhuahanga matua pērā i te porowhita me te porotaka o te roera, te tika o te pine, me te whakarara o te pereti mekameka, ka eke te tukanga huri ki te tika whakahaere e nui atu ana i ērā atu tikanga miihini.

II. Ngā Whakaritenga Hangarau Matua mō te Huri Mekameka Roera Tino Tika: Te Mana Whakahaere Whānui mai i te Wāhanga ki te Wāhanga

Ehara te tukanga huri mekameka roera tino tika i te taahiraa kotahi; engari, he tukanga pūnaha e kapi ana i ngā wāhanga matua e toru: ngā roera, ngā pine, me ngā pereti mekameka. Kei raro i ia taahiraa ngā paerewa hangarau me ngā whakaritenga whakahaere tino pakari.

(I) Te Hurihuri Roera: He "Pakanga Taumata-Maikoro" i waenganui i te Porowhita me te Porotaka

He mea nui ngā roera i roto i te hononga o ngā mekameka roera me ngā porowhita. Ka pā tika te porowhita me te āhua porotaka ki te maeneene o te hononga me te pai o te tuku. I te wā e huri ana i ngā roera, me āta tirotiro ngā whakaritenga hangarau e whai ake nei:
Mana Whakahaere Tika Ahu:
Me piri pūmau te ātete whānui o waho o te roera ki te GB/T 1243-2006, ki te ISO 606 rānei. Mō ngā tohu tino tika (hei tauira, te Tohu C me runga ake), me whakahaere te ātete whānui o waho i roto i te ±0.01mm. E toru ngā taahiraa e hiahiatia ana mō te huri: te huri mata, te huri haurua-whakaoti, me te huri whakaoti. Me tirotirohia ia taahiraa mā te whakamahi i te ine whānui laser hei whakarite kia noho tonu ngā rerekētanga ā-ahu i roto i te awhe e whakaaetia ana. Ngā Whakaritenga Ātete Āhuahanga:

Porowhita: Me ≤5μm te hapa porowhita o ngā roera tino tika. Me whakamahi i te tūnga rua-pokapū i te wā e huri ana, me te hurihanga wira huri tere-teitei (tere rārangi ≥35m/s) hei whakaiti i ngā pānga o te kaha porowhita ki te porowhita.

Te āhua porotaka: Me ≤8μm te hapa o te āhua porotaka. Mā te whakarerekē i te koki whakakakahu o te wira huri (1°-3° te tikanga) ka tika te whānui o waho o te roera.

Te Whakararatanga o te Mata Pito: Me ≤0.01mm te hapa whakararatanga o ngā mata pito e rua o te roera. Me whakamahi i ngā taputapu tūnga mata pito i te wā e huri ana hei ārai i te pekapeka o te whatunga i puta mai i te honga o te mata pito.

Ngā Whakaritenga Kounga Mata:
Me rite te whānui o waho o te roera ki te Ra 0.4-0.8μm. Me karo i ngā hapa o te mata pēnei i te karawarawa, te wera, me te unahi. I te wā e huri ana, me whakahaere te kukū wai huri (te nuinga o te 5%-8%) me te pēhanga o te jet (≥0.3MPa) kia tere te memeha o te wera huri, kia kore ai hoki e wera te mata. Hei tāpiri, me whakamahi he wira huri kirikiri pai (hei tauira, 80#-120#) i te wā e huri pai ana hei whakapai ake i te mutunga o te mata.

(II) Te Hurihanga Pine: He "Whakamātautau Tika" o te Tika me te Āhuatanga Honohono

Ko te pine te wāhanga matua e hono ana i ngā pereti mekameka me ngā roera. Ko tōna tika me tōna āhua honohono e pā tika ana ki te ngāwari me te roa o te mahi o te mekameka. Ko ngā whakaritenga hangarau mō te huri pine e aro ana ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

Mana Whakahaere Tika:
Me ≤0.005mm/m te hapa tika o te pine. I te wā e huri ana, me whakamahi i te tikanga "tautoko pumau + tūnga pokapū rua" hei ārai i te piko o te āhua i puta mai i te taumaha o te pine. Mō ngā pine roa atu i te 100mm, me tirotiro tika i ia 50mm i te wā e huri ana kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o te tika whānui. Ngā Whakaritenga Ā-pūmau:
Me ≤0.008mm te hapa honohono o ngā hautaka i ngā pito e rua o te pine. I te wā e huri ana, me whakamahi ngā kōhao waenga i ngā pito e rua o te pine hei tohutoro (me tutuki te tika o te kōhao waenga i te Akomanga A i roto i te GB/T 145-2001). Me whakakakahu te wira huri, ā, me whakanoho kia tika ai te tūnga o ngā hautaka i ngā pito e rua. Hei tāpiri, me whakahaere ngā tirotiro ā-wāhi tuimotu mō te honohono mā te whakamahi i tētahi mīhini ine taunga-toru, me te iti rawa o te tere tirotiro o te 5%. Te Mārō o te Mata me te Hototahi ki te Huri:

Me whakamahana ngā toki pine i mua i te huri (me te whakakā me te tinei i te nuinga o te wā kia tae ki te pakeke o te HRC 58-62). Me whakarerekē ngā tawhā huri kia rite ki te pakeke:

Huri taratara: Whakamahia he wira huri kirikiri-waenga (60#-80#), whakahaeretia te hohonutanga huri ki te 0.05-0.1mm, ā, whakamahia te tere whāngai o te 10-15mm/min.

Huri pai: Whakamahia he wira huri pai-kiri (120#-150#), whakahaeretia te hohonutanga huri ki te 0.01-0.02mm, ā, whakamahia te tere whāngai o te 5-8mm/min hei karo i ngā kapiti o te mata, i te ngaronga rānei o te pakeketanga i puta mai i ngā tawhā huri hē.

(III) Te Hurihanga o te Pereti Mekameka: Te Whakahaere Taipitopito o te Tika me te Papatahi o te Pūaha

Ko ngā pereti mekameka te pou tuarā o ngā mekameka roera. Ka pā tika te tika o te kōhao me te papatahi o ēnei kōhao ki te tika o te huihuinga mekameka me te pumau o te tuku. Ko te huri pereti mekameka e aro nui ana ki ngā wāhanga matua e rua: te kōhao pereti mekameka me te mata o te pereti mekameka. Ko ngā whakaritenga hangarau ēnei e whai ake nei:
Te tika o te hurihanga o te kōhao pereti mekameka:
Ātete ki te whakatuwheratanga: Me whakahaere te ātete ki te kōhao o ngā pereti mekameka tino tika i roto i te H7 (hei tauira, mō te kōhao φ8mm, ko te ātete he +0.015mm ki te 0mm). Ka whakamahia ngā wira huri taimana (kirikiri 150#-200#) me te miro tere-teitei (≥8000 rpm) hei whakarite kia tino tika ngā inenga o te kōhao.
Te manawanui ki te tūnga o te kōhao: Ko te tawhiti pokapū i waenga i ngā kōhao tata me ≤0.01mm, ā, ko te hapa poutū i waenga i te tuaka kōhao me te mata o te pereti mekameka me ≤0.005mm. Me whakamahi taputapu motuhake me te aroturuki wā-tūturu mā te pūnaha tirotiro tirohanga CCD mō te huri.
Ngā whakaritenga huri mata pereti mekameka:
Me ≤0.003mm/100mm te hapa papatahi o te pereti mekameka, ā, me eke te taratara o te mata ki te Ra0.8μm. Me whai tukanga "huri taha-rua" te huri. Mā te hurihanga tukutahi (tere raina ≥ 40 m/s) me te whāngai o ngā wira huri o runga me raro ka whakarite kia rite te āhua me te papatahi o ngā taha e rua o te mekameka. Hei tāpiri, me whakahaere te pēhanga huri (te nuinga o te 0.2-0.3 MPa) hei ārai i te whakarerekētanga o te mekameka nā te kaha kore taurite.

III. Te Whakahaere Tukanga mō te Hurihanga Mekameka Roera Tino Tika: Te Whakapūmautanga Whānui mai i ngā Taputapu ki te Whakahaere

Hei whakatutuki i ēnei whakaritenga hangarau tino pakari, kāore e ranea te whakatakoto noa i ngā tawhā tukatuka. Me whakatū hoki he pūnaha whakahaere tukanga whānui, tae atu ki te whiriwhiri taputapu, te hoahoa taputapu, te aroturuki tawhā, me te tirotiro kounga.

(I) Kōwhiringa Taputapu: Te "Pūtake Taputapu" o te Hurihanga Tino Tika
Kōwhiringa Mīhini Huri: Kōwhiria he mīhini huri CNC tino tika (tika o te tūnga ≤ 0.001mm, āheinga ki te mahi anō ≤ 0.0005mm), pērā i a Junker (Tiamana) me Okamoto (Hapani). Me whakarite kia tutuki te tika o te mīhini i ngā whakaritenga tukatuka.
Kōwhiringa Wira Huri: Tīpakohia te momo wira huri e tika ana i runga i te rauemi o te wāhanga (te nuinga he 20CrMnTi, 40Cr rānei) me ngā whakaritenga tukatuka. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia he wira huri kōrunuma mō te huri roera, ka whakamahia he wira huri silicon carbide mō te huri pine, ā, ka whakamahia he wira huri taimana mō te huri kōhao pereti mekameka.
Whirihoranga Taputapu Whakamātautau: Me whakamahi ngā taputapu whakamātautau tino tika pērā i te ine diameter laser, te mīhini ine taunga-toru-ahu, te whakamātautau taratara o te mata, me te whakamātautau porowhita hei whakakotahi i ngā tirotiro ā-ipurangi me te tuimotu i te wā tukatuka. (II) Hoahoa Taputapu: Te "Tautoko Matua" mō te Tika me te Pūmautanga

Ngā taputapu whakanoho: Hoahoahia ngā taputapu whakanoho motuhake mō ngā roera, ngā pine, me ngā mekameka. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e ngā roera ngā taputapu whakanoho rua-pokapū, ka whakamahia e ngā pine ngā taputapu tautoko anga-pokapū, ā, ka whakamahia e ngā mekameka ngā taputapu whakanoho kōhao. Mā tēnei ka tika te whakanoho me te kore e takaro i te wā e huri ana.

Ngā taputapu whakapiri: Whakamahia ngā tikanga whakapiri ngāwari (pēnei i te whakapiri hau, waipēhi rānei) hei whakahaere i te kaha whakapiri (ko te tikanga he 0.1-0.2 MPa) hei ārai i te whakarerekētanga o te wāhanga i puta mai i te kaha whakapiri nui rawa. Hei tāpiri, me whakakanapa tonu ngā mata whakanoho o ngā taputapu (kia tae ki te taratara o te mata o Ra 0.4 μm, iti iho rānei) hei whakarite i te tika o te whakanoho. (III) Te Aroturuki Tawhā: "Te Whakamana Hihiri" me te Whakaritenga Wā-Tūturu
Aroturukitanga Tawhā Tukatuka: Ka aroturukihia e te pūnaha CNC ngā tawhā matua pēnei i te tere huri, te tere whāngai, te hohonu o te huri, te kukū wai huri, me te pāmahana i te wā tūturu. Ina nui ake tētahi tawhā i te awhe kua whakaritea, ka tukuna aunoa e te pūnaha he whakaoho ka whakaweto i te mīhini hei ārai i ngā hua hapa.
Te Whakahaere Pāmahana: Ko te wera e puta ana i te wā o te hurihanga te tino take o te rerekētanga o ngā wāhanga me te wera o te mata. Me whakahaere te pāmahana mā roto i ngā tikanga e whai ake nei:
Pūnaha Tohanga Wai Huri: Whakamahia he wai huri he kaha whakamatao teitei (pēnei i te wai huri emulsion, i te wai huri hangai rānei) he wāhanga whakamatao kei roto hei pupuri i te pāmahana o te 20-25°C.
Te Hurihuri Ā-Wā: Mō ngā wāhanga e pāngia ana e te wera (pērā i ngā pine), ka whakamahia he tukanga huri ā-wā o te "hurihuri-whakamatao-hurihuri anō" hei ārai i te kohikohinga wera. (IV) Tirotiro Kounga: Te "Raina Whakamutunga o te Parenga" mō te Whakatutuki i te Tika

Tirotiro Ipurangi: Kua tāutahia ngā ine diameter laser, ngā pūnaha tirotiro tirohanga CCD, me ētahi atu taputapu ki te taha o te teihana huri hei whakahaere i ngā tirotiro wā-tūturu o ngā rahinga wāhanga me ngā ātete āhua me te tūranga. Ko ngā wāhanga whai tohu anake ka taea te haere tonu ki te tukanga e whai ake nei.

Tirotiro Tauira Tuimotu: 5%-10% o ia puranga hua ka tirotirohia tuimotu mā te whakamahi i tētahi mīhini ine taunga (CMM) hei tirotiro i ngā tohu matua pēnei i te manawanui ki te kōhao me te hononga, he whakamātautau porowhita hei tirotiro i te porowhita hurihuri, me tētahi whakamātautau taratara mata hei tirotiro i te kounga o te mata.

Ngā Whakaritenga Tirotiro Katoa: Mō ngā mekameka roera tino tika e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taputapu kounga teitei (pēnei i te rererangi me ngā taputapu mīhini tino tika), me tirotiro katoa 100% kia tino tutuki ai ia wāhanga i te tino tika e hiahiatia ana.

IV. Ngā horopaki tono me ngā au o te hangarau huri mekameka roera tino tika ā muri ake nei

(I) Ngā horopaki tono noa
Ko ngā mekameka roera tino tika, me tō rātou tino tika me te pumau, kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i ngā mara he tino uaua ngā whakaritenga tuku:

Ahumahi Waka: Me tu atu ngā mekameka taima miihini me ngā mekameka tuku i ngā tere teitei (≥6000 rpm) me te pānga auau teitei, ka nui rawa te tono mō te porowhita o te roera me te tika o te pine;

Te Whakahaerenga Atamai: Me whakahaere tere me te tūnga tika ngā taputapu tātari aunoa me ngā pūnaha kawe whare putunga teitei. Ka pā tika te tika o te kōhao pereti mekameka me te porotaka o te roera ki te pumau o te mahi;

Ngā Utauta Mīhini Tika: Me whakahaere te nekehanga taumata-micron mō ngā puku porowhita me ngā pūnaha whāngai o ngā taputapu mīhini CNC. He mea nui te hononga titi me te papatahi o te pereti mekameka hei whakarite i te tika o te tuku.

(II) Ngā Auahatanga Hangarau o te Ao kei te heke mai

I te whanaketanga o te Ahumahi 4.0 me te hanga atamai, kei te whanake haere ngā tukanga huri mekameka roera tino tika i ngā huarahi e whai ake nei:

Mīhini atamai: Te whakauru i ngā pūnaha tirotiro tirohanga e whakamahia ana e te AI hei tautuhi aunoa i ngā rahinga o ngā wāhanga me te kounga o te mata, ka taea ai te whakarerekē i ngā tawhā me te whakapai ake i te pai me te ōrite o te mīhini;

Te huri matomato: Te whakawhanake i ngā wai huri e pai ana mō te taiao (pēnei i ngā wai huri pirau-koiora) me ngā pūnaha tātari whai hua hei whakaiti i te parahanga taiao; I te wā kotahi, te whakamahi i te hangarau huri pāmahana-iti hei whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao;

Te huri matū: Te whakauru i ngā tukanga huri o ngā roera, ngā pine, me ngā pereti mekameka ki roto i tētahi tukanga hiato "kotahi-mutunga", mā te whakamahi i ngā mīhini huri CNC maha-tuaka hei whakaiti i ngā hapa tūnga i waenga i ngā tukanga me te whakapai ake i te tika whānui.