Te whānuitanga pāmahana e tika ana mō te whakamātautau pakeke o te mekameka roera

Te whānuitanga pāmahana e tika ana mō te whakamātautau pakeke o te mekameka roera

I roto i te ao whakaputa ahumahi me te tuku miihini, ko te mekameka roera te wāhanga tuku matua, ā, e pā tika ana tōna mahi ki te whai huatanga o te mahi me te roa o te ratonga o ngā taputapu miihini. Ko te pakeketanga he tohu mahi nui o te mekameka roera, e pā ana ki te ātete kakahu, te ātete ngenge me te kaha whānui o te mekameka roera. Hei aromatawai tika i te pakeketanga o te mekameka roera me te whakarite kia tutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi rerekē, kua noho te whakamātautau pakeke hei hononga nui i roto i te whakaputa mekameka roera, te tirotiro kounga me te rangahau pūtaiao. Hei whakarite i te tika me te pono o ngā hua whakamātautau pakeketanga, he mea tino nui kia whakamāramahia te awhe pāmahana e tika ana mō te whakamātautau pakeketanga o te mekameka roera. Mai i ngā mātāpono taketake o te whakamātautau pakeketanga o te mekameka roera, ka tūhuratia e tēnei pepa te awe o te pāmahana ki ngā hua whakamātautau pakeketanga, ā, ka whakakotahi i ngā paerewa e tika ana me ngā rangahau whakamātautau hei tātari me te whakatau i te awhe pāmahana e tika ana mō te whakamātautau pakeketanga o te mekameka roera, me te whai kia whakaratohia he tohutoro whai hua mō ngā kaihanga mekameka roera, ngā tari tirotiro kounga me ngā kaimahi e pā ana.

1. Ngā mātāpono taketake o te whakamātautau pakeke o te mekameka roera
Ko te pakeketanga e pā ana ki te kaha o tētahi rauemi ki te ātete i ngā mea pakeke e pēhi ana ki tōna mata, ā, he tohu nui hei ine i te pakeketanga o tētahi rauemi. Ko te whakamātautau pakeketanga o te mekameka roera e whakamahi ana i te whakamātautau pakeketanga Rockwell, e whakamahi ana i te kōhao taimana, i te kōhao carbide rānei hei pēhi i te kōhao ki roto i te mata o te wāhanga kua whakamatautauria o te mekameka roera i raro i te kawenga kua tohua, ā, ka whakatau i tōna uara pakeketanga mā te ine i te hohonutanga o te kōhao. He ngāwari te whakahaere o te whakamātautau pakeketanga Rockwell, he pai te mahi, he iti te kōhao, ā, he pai mō te whakamātautau pakeketanga o ngā wāhanga iti me te rahi-waenga e hangaia ana i roto i ngā puranga pērā i te mekameka roera.
Ko te mekameka roera te mea nui i titoa mai i te pereti mekameka o roto, te pereti mekameka o waho, te pine, te ringaringa me te roera, ā, he rerekē ngā whakaritenga pakeke o ia wāhanga. Hei tauira, ko te pine me te ringaringa, hei wāhanga matua o te mekameka roera, me nui ake te pakeke hei whakapai ake i te ātete ki te kakahu me te ātete ki te ngenge. I te nuinga o te wā, me noho te pakeke o te mata o te pine me te ringaringa i waenga i te HRC30 me te HRC40, ko te pakeke o te pereti mekameka o roto me te pereti mekameka o waho he iti noa iho, i waenga i te HRC20 me te HRC30. Mā te hoahoa me te whakahaere pakeke e tika ana, ka taea te whakarite kia pai te mahi whatunga o te mekameka roera me te roa o te ora ratonga i te wā e tuku ana.

2. Te awe o te pāmahana ki te whakamātautau pakeke o ngā mekameka roera
He mea nui te pāmahana e pā ana ki te pakeketanga o ngā rauemi. Ina rerekē te pāmahana, ka rerekē anō hoki te hanganga moroiti me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te rauemi mekameka roera, ka rerekē anō hoki tōna pakeketanga. I te wā o te whakamātautau pakeketanga, ko te awe o te pāmahana ki ngā hua whakamātautau o te pakeketanga o te mekameka roera ka kitea nuitia i roto i ēnei āhuatanga:
(I) Ngā panonitanga o te hanganga moroiti o ngā rauemi
Ko te pakeketanga o ngā rauemi whakarewa e whakawhirinaki ana ki tōna hanganga moroiti. Hei tauira, ko te rauemi maitai koranu e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mekameka roera, ka rerekē te hanganga whakarewa o te maitai koranu i ngā pāmahana rerekē. Hei tauira, i ngā pāmahana iti iho, he pumau te ferrite, te pearlite me ētahi atu hanganga i roto i te maitai koranu, ā, ko te pakeketanga o te rauemi e whakatauhia ana e tōna hanganga matū me te hanganga whakarewa. Heoi, ina piki te pāmahana, ka tere ake te tere horapa o ngā ngota waro me ngā huānga whakarewa i roto i te maitai koranu, ka puta ai te tipu o te witi me te huringa hanganga i roto i te rauemi. Ka pā tika ēnei huringa o te hanganga moroiti ki te pakeketanga o te rauemi, ka puta ai ngā rerekētanga o ngā hua whakamātautau pakeketanga. I te nuinga o te wā, ka heke te pakeketanga o te rauemi i te pikinga o te pāmahana. Nā te mea ka ngoikore te kaha here ngota i roto i te rauemi i te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka māmā ake te neke o ngā nekehanga, ka heke te kaha o te rauemi ki te ātete i te urunga mai o ngā mea pakeke.
(II) Te tika o te whakamātautau pakeke
Hei taputapu ine tika, ka pāngia te tika o te whakamātautau pakeke e te pāmahana taiao. He mea hanga te pūwero, te puna, te pūnaha maikoromita me ētahi atu wāhanga o te whakamātautau pakeke ki ngā rauemi whakarewa. Ka puta te whānui, te whakaheke rānei i te wera o ēnei wāhanga nā te huringa pāmahana, ā, ka huri te āhua o te pūwero, te pakari o te puna me te tika o te pūnaha maikoromita. Hei tauira, ina piki te pāmahana taiao, ka paku whānui te pūwero o te whakamātautau pakeke, ka nui ake te uara ine hohonu o te pūwero, ka iti ake te uara pakeke i inehia; i tetahi atu taha, ina heke te pāmahana taiao, ka iti ake te uara ine hohonu o te pūwero, ā, ka teitei ake te uara pakeke i inehia. Hei tāpiri, ka pā pea ngā huringa pāmahana ki te pumau o te tohu a te whakamātautau pakeke, ka ngoikore te whakahokinga me te whakaputanga o ngā hua whakamātautau. Nō reira, ina whakamahia he whakamātautau pakeke hei mahi i ngā whakamātautau pakeke mekameka roera i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana rerekē, me whakatikatika me te whakarite i te whakamātautau pakeke kia tika ai ngā hua ine.
(III) Te whakawhanuitanga wera o ngā wāhanga mekameka roera
Ka puta te whānui, te whakaheke rānei i te wera o ngā wāhanga rerekē o te mekameka roera nā te huringa pāmahana, ā, ka pā ki te tūranga me te uara ine o te whakamātautau pakeke. He rerekē ngā tauwehenga whānui wera o te pereti hononga o roto, te pereti hononga o waho, te pine, te ringaringa me te roera o te mekameka roera i ngā pāmahana rerekē. Ina piki te pāmahana, ka rerekē te rahi o ēnei wāhanga, ka rerekē pea te tūranga o te whakamātautau pakeke mai i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa. Hei tauira, ko te tūranga e tika ana kia whakamatautauria te pakeke o te mata o te pine ka pā ki roto, ki te taha rānei o te pine nā te whānui wera o te pine i muri i te pikinga o te pāmahana, ā, ka pā ki te tika o ngā hua whakamātautau pakeke. Hei tāpiri, ka puta hoki te tohatoha anō o te ahotea i roto i ngā wāhanga mekameka roera nā te whānui wera, ka pā kino atu ki tōna mahi pakeke.

3. Awhe pāmahana e tika ana mō te whakamātautau pakeke o te mekameka roera

E ai ki ngā paerewa e tika ana me te maha o ngā rangahau whakamātautau, ko te awhe pāmahana e tika ana mō te whakamātautau pakeke o te mekameka roera ko te 10℃-35℃. Mā te whakamātautau pakeke i roto i tēnei awhe pāmahana ka taea te whakaiti i te pānga o te pāmahana ki ngā hua whakamātautau, ā, ka whakarite i te tika me te pono o ngā hua whakamātautau pakeke.

(I) Ngā whakaritenga pāmahana o ngā paerewa e tika ana
Paerewa ā-ao: ISO 606:2015 "Ngā mekameka roera poto, ngā porotiti me ngā pūnaha taraiwa mekameka mō te tuku" e kī ana me whakahaere te whakamātautau pakeke o ngā mekameka roera i te pāmahana rūma, e pā ana ki te awhe pāmahana taiao o te 20℃±5℃. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei paerewa he whakaritenga pāmahana whakamātautau pakeke kotahi mō te whakaputanga ā-ao me te tirotiro kounga o ngā mekameka roera, e āwhina ana ki te whakarite i te ōritetanga me te whakataurite o ngā tohu pakeke o ngā mekameka roera i hangaia e ngā kaihanga rerekē.
Paerewa ā-motu: Ko te paerewa ā-motu o Haina GB/T 1243-2006 "Ngā mekameka roera me ngā porotiti poto mō te tuku" e whakamārama ana hoki me whakahaere te whakamātautau pakeke o ngā mekameka roera i te pāmahana rūma, e whakahaeretia ana i waenga i te 10℃-35℃. Ko te whakatakotoranga o tēnei awhe pāmahana e whai whakaaro ana ki ngā āhuatanga o te rangi me te taiao whakaputa ahumahi i ngā rohe rerekē o tōku whenua, ā, he kaha te whakamahi me te whakahaere.
(II) Ngā hua rangahau whakamātautau
Te awe o te pāmahana ki ngā hua whakamātautau pakeke: I roto i te maha o ngā rangahau whakamātautau, i kitea i roto i te awhe pāmahana o te 10℃-35℃, he pumau ngā uara pakeke o ngā wāhanga rerekē o te mekameka roera, ā, he iti noa te awe o ngā huringa pāmahana ki ngā hua whakamātautau pakeke. Hei tauira, i whakamatautauria he puranga pine mekameka roera o te whakatakotoranga kotahi i te 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ me te 35℃. E whakaatu ana ngā hua i roto i te awhe pāmahana o te 10℃-35℃, ko te awhe piki me te heke o te uara pakeke o te pine kei roto i te ±2HRC. Kei roto tēnei awhe piki me heke i te awhe hapa e whakaaetia ana, ā, kāore e pā nui ki te whakatau kounga me te aromatawai mahi o te mekameka roera.
Te pānga o te pāmahana e nui ake ana i te awhe e tika ana: Ina iti iho te pāmahana i te 10℃, ka tino piki ake te pakeke o te rauemi mekameka roera, ka hua ake pea he hua whakamātautau pakeke teitei, ā, ka hē te whakatau i te taumata pakeke o te mekameka roera. I taua wā anō, mā te pāmahana tino iti ka pakarukaru, ka mārō hoki ngā wāhanga mekameka roera, ka whakaiti i tō rātou pakari, ā, ka ngāwari te puta o ngā kapiti, ngā whati rānei i te wā o te whakamātautau pakeke, ka pā ki te ahunga whakamua noa o te whakamātautau. Ina teitei ake te pāmahana i te 35℃, ka tino heke te pakeke o te rauemi mekameka roera, ā, ka iti ngā hua whakamātautau, kāore e taea te whakaata pono i te taumata pakeke tuturu o te mekameka roera. Hei tāpiri, mā te pāmahana teitei ake ka tere ake te kakahu me te whakarerekētanga o ngā wāhanga mekameka roera, ka whakapoto i tō rātou roa mahi.

4. Te whakamahinga o ngā mehua whakahaere pāmahana i roto i te whakamātautau pakeke o te mekameka roera
Hei whakarite i te tika o ngā hua whakamātautau pakeke o te mekameka roera, me whakahaere ngā mahi whakahaere pāmahana whai hua i te wā o te tukanga whakamātautau tuturu:
(I) Te whakahaere pāmahana taiao
Me whai hauhautanga, me whai taputapu pāmahana pumau, me ētahi atu mea anō hoki te taiwhanga whakamātautau pakeke, kia tino whakahaeretia ai te pāmahana o te taiao i roto i te awhe tika o te 10℃-35℃. I mua i te whakamātautau, me whakakā wawe ngā taputapu whakahaere pāmahana kia pumau ai te pāmahana o te taiwhanga, kia mau tonu ai te pāmahana kia kore ai e pāngia ngā hua whakamātautau e ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana. I taua wā anō, me karo i te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau pakeke i raro i te rā tika, i te taha o ngā pūtake wera, i ngā pūaha rānei, kia iti ai te pokanoa o ngā āhuatanga taiao o waho ki te pāmahana o te taiwhanga.
(II) Te whakatikatika pāmahana tauira
I mua i te whakatakotoranga o te tauira mekameka roera ki roto i te taputapu whakamātautau pakeke hei whakamātautau, me whakatakotoranga ki te taiao taiwhanga mō tētahi wā hei taurite i tōna pāmahana ki te pāmahana o te taiao taiwhanga. E taunakihia ana kia whakatakotoranga te tauira mō te neke atu i te 2-3 hāora kia ōrite ai te pāmahana o te tauira. Mō ētahi tauira mekameka roera i tangohia mai i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei, pāmahana iti rānei, me aro nui ki te whakarerekētanga pāmahana hei karo i te haukū, i te ahotea wera rānei i puta mai i te rerekētanga nui i waenga i te pāmahana tauira me te pāmahana taiao, ka pā ki ngā hua whakamātautau pakeke.
(III) Te whakatikatika pāmahana o te whakamātautau pakeke
Me whakatikatika tonu te whakamātautau pakeke i te wā e whakamahia ana kia tika ai te ine i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana rerekē. Ka taea te whakatikatika i te whakamātautau pakeke ki tētahi poraka pakeke paerewa. Kua whakatikatikaina te uara pakeke o te poraka pakeke paerewa e tētahi whakahaere whai mana, ā, he uara pakeke e mōhiotia ana i ngā pāmahana rerekē. I te whakatikatika i te whakamātautau pakeke, me whakanoho te poraka pakeke paerewa me te whakamātautau pakeke ki te pāmahana taiao kotahi me te whakamātautau pakeke mekameka roera. Kia taurite te pāmahana, me mahi te mahi whakatikatika, ā, me whakatikatika te tikanga ine-iti me te tohu o te whakamātautau pakeke kia rite ai te hua ine ki te uara pakeke o te poraka pakeke paerewa. Mā te whakatikatika pāmahana auau, ka taea te whakakore i te awe o ngā huringa pāmahana ki te tika o te ine o te whakamātautau pakeke, ā, ka taea te whakarite i te pono o ngā hua whakamātautau pakeke mekameka roera.

5. Tātari Take
I te wā i hangaia ai e te kaihanga mekameka roera he puranga mekameka roera kaha-teitei, ka tino whakamahanahia, ka tukatukahia hoki ngā wāhanga rerekē o te mekameka roera kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o te tukanga whakaputa. I roto i te hononga tirotiro kounga pakeke i mua i te wehenga atu i te wheketere, i whakamatautauria te pakeketanga o ngā pine o te mekameka roera kia rite ki ngā paerewa whakahaere kounga a te kamupene. Heoi, i te wā o te whakamātautau, i kitea he iti iho ngā uara pakeketanga o ētahi pine i te rohe o raro o ngā whakaritenga hoahoa, ā, i aro nui te kamupene ki tēnei.
I muri i tētahi rangahau taipitopito, i kitea i te rā o te whakamātautau pakeke, nā te hē o ngā taputapu hauhautanga i roto i te taiwhanga, i eke te pāmahana o te taiao ki te 38°C, he nui ake i te awhe pāmahana e tika ana mō te whakamātautau pakeke o te mekameka roera. I mahi tonu te kamupene i ngā mahi hei neke i te whakamātautau pakeke ki tētahi atu taiwhanga me te pāmahana taiao e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga (22°C) mō te whakamātautau anō. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua whakamātautau anō ko ngā uara pakeke o ngā pine kei roto i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa me te tutuki i ngā paerewa kounga. E whakaatu ana tēnei ko te pāmahana teitei o te taiao i puta ai te rerekētanga o ngā hua whakamātautau pakeke, ā, i iti iho ai te uara pakeke o ngā pine. E whakaatu ana tēnei take i te hiranga o te whakahaere pāmahana i roto i te whakamātautau pakeke o ngā mekameka roera. Mā te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau pakeke i roto i te awhe pāmahana e tika ana ka taea te whakarite i te pono me te pono o ngā hua whakamātautau, ka taea te karo i te whakatau he kounga i puta mai i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana, ā, ka taea te whakamana i te kounga me te mahi o ngā hua mekameka roera.

6. Whakamutunga
Ko te awhe pāmahana e tika ana mō ngā whakamātautau pakeke o te mekameka roera tētahi o ngā mea nui hei whakarite i te tika me te pono o ngā hua whakamātautau. Ko te awe o te pāmahana ki ngā whakamātautau pakeke o te mekameka roera e whakaatahia ana i roto i ngā huringa o te hanganga moroiti o te rauemi, te tika o te taputapu whakamātautau pakeke, me te whānui wera o ngā wāhanga mekameka roera. E ai ki ngā whakaritenga o ngā paerewa e tika ana me te manatoko o ngā rangahau whakamātautau, ko te 10℃-35℃ te awhe pāmahana e tika ana mō ngā whakamātautau pakeke o te mekameka roera. Mā te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau pakeke i roto i tēnei awhe pāmahana ka taea te whakaiti i te pānga o te pāmahana ki ngā hua whakamātautau, ā, ka whakarato i tētahi pūtake pono mō te tirotiro kounga me te aromatawai mahi o ngā mekameka roera.
I roto i te tukanga whakamātautau pakeke o te mekameka roera, me tino whai ngā umanga me ngā tari tirotiro kounga i ngā whakaritenga paerewa, me te mahi i ngā mahi whakahaere pāmahana whai hua, tae atu ki te whakahaere pāmahana taiao, te whakarerekētanga pāmahana tauira, me te whakatikatika pāmahana whakamātautau pakeke, kia tika ai, kia pono ai hoki ngā hua whakamātautau pakeke. I taua wā anō, mā te māramatanga hōhonu ki te tikanga awe o te pāmahana ki te whakamātautau pakeke mekameka roera ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i ngā tikanga me ngā tukanga whakamātautau pakeke, te whakapai ake i te taumata whakahaere kounga o ngā hua mekameka roera, me te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga hauora o te umanga mekameka roera.

I roto i te poto, ko te awhe pāmahana e tika ana mō te whakamātautau pakeke o te mekameka roera he take e tika ana kia tino whakanuia. Mā te whakahaere whakamātautau pakeke i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana e tika ana ka taea te whakaata pono i te mahi pakeke o te mekameka roera, ā, ka taea hoki te whakarite i tōna whakamahinga pono i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi rerekē. I te heke mai, me te whanaketanga tonu o te pūtaiao rauemi me te hangarau whakamātautau, he take tā mātou ki te whakapono ka hohonu ake, ka tika ake hoki te rangahau mō te whakamātautau pakeke o te pāmahana mekameka roera, ka whakarato i te tautoko hangarau kaha ake mō te tirotiro kounga me te whakapai ake i te mahi o ngā mekameka roera.