Arotake a ngā Kaihokohoko o Saudi: Te Tukanga Rauemi Whakarite mō ngā Mekameka Roera
I roto i te hokohoko mekameka roera o te ao, kua noho te mākete o Saudi Arabia, me tōna tono ahumahi kaha (mīhini hinu, miihini hanga, taputapu ahuwhenua, me ētahi atu), hei rohe matua mō ngā kaituku o te ao. Kei te piki haere te hokonga ritenga hei tauira pai mō ngā kaihokohoko rarahi o Saudi Arabia hei whakaiti i ngā utu me te whakapai ake i te urutau. Ko tēnei tuhinga, i runga i ngā arotake tūturu a ētahi kaihokohoko mekameka roera e toru o Saudi Arabia, e whakamārama ana i ngā kaupapa matua o te tukanga hokonga ritenga katoa, hei whakarato i tētahi aratohu tohutoro mō ngā kaituku o te ao.
**Ngā Āhuatanga o te Mākete Mekameka Roera o Saudi Arabia me ngā Auahatanga Rauemi Whakarite**
**3 Ngā Take Matua e Kōwhiria ai e ngā Kaihokohoko o Saudi Arabia ngā Taonga Whakarite (me ngā Arotake Tuturu)**
**He Wehewehenga Katoa o te Tukanga Rauemi Whakaritenga mō te Mekameka Roera (Mai i te Tono ki te Tukunga)**
**Ngā Painga Matua o te Hokonga Whakaritenga ki ngā Kaihoko Rahi o Saudi**
**Ngā Whakaaro Whaihua mō ngā Kaituku o te Ao hei Whakatutuki i ngā Hiahia Whakarite o Saudi**
**Whakamutunga: Ko te whakaritenga te kī ki te wetewete i te mākete o Saudi**
**Ngā Āhuatanga o te Mākete Mekameka Roera o Saudi Arabia me ngā Auahatanga Rauemi Whakarite**
Hei pokapū ahumahi o te Waenganui Rawhiti, kei roto tonu a Saudi Arabia i ngā rohe matua mō te tono mō ngā mekameka roera. E toru ngā āhuatanga matua o tēnei mākete: Tuatahi, he nui ngā āhuatanga tono (neke atu i te 70%) ngā taputapu tango hinu, ngā mīhini hanga taumaha, me ngā mīhini ahuwhenua nui; tuarua, he tino teitei ngā whakaritenga mō te urutau hua (me arotau te ātete ki te kakahu me te ātete ki te waikura i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei me te puehu); tuatoru, he nui te rahinga hoko, ā, kua mārama te tautuhi i te huringa tuku (ko ngā kaihokohoko te nuinga he pokapū tohatoha ā-rohe, ā, me tere te urupare ki ngā hiahia o ngā wheketere o raro).
I ngā tau tata nei, kua noho ko te "uauatanga ki te urutau ki ngā tauira tuku iho me te pēhanga nui o ngā taonga" hei āhuatanga mamae mō ngā kaihokohoko rarahi o Saudi. Ko te hoko ritenga, me ōna painga o te "hanga i runga i te tono, te urutau tika, me te iti o ngā taonga," kua tere te noho hei whiringa matua. E ai ki te kaihokohoko rarahi o Saudi Riyadh, a Abdul Rahman, "Ehara te whakaritenga ritenga i te 'hiahiatanga motuhake', engari he 'whakaritenga taketake' o te mākete o Saudi—ka uaua ki ngā kaiwhakarato kāore he kaha whakaritenga ki te ora i te wā roa."
I. Ngā Take Matua e Toru e Kōwhiri ai ngā Kaihokohoko o Saudi Arabia i ngā Hokonga Whakarite (me ngā Arotake Tuturu)
1. Te Whakarerekē ki ngā Āhuatanga Mahi Motuhake, Te Whakatau i te Mamae o ngā Mekameka "Kāore e Whakamahia"
He nui ngā pāmahana me ngā awha puehu e pāngia ana e Saudi Arabia. Me tu atu ngā mekameka roera e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mīhini mara hinu ki ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 120°C, ko ngā mekameka roera e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mīhini hanga me tu atu ki te pakū o te onepu. He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā mekameka roera whānui noa e te nui o ngā reiti rahunga nā te "koretake o te mahi," ko te whakaritenga ka taea te arotau i ngā rauemi (pēnei i te maitai kore waikura, i ngā koranu pāmahana teitei rānei) me ngā hanganga (ngā pereti mekameka matotoru, ngā pine hiri).
"I te toharite, me whakakapi ngā mekameka roera whānui i hokona e mātou i mua i ia 3 marama i runga i ngā taputapu keri hinu. Whai muri i te whakaritenga, ka whakaroahia te huringa whakakapinga ki te 8 marama, ā, ka piki ake te reiti hoko anō mai i ngā wheketere o raro iho i te 40%." – Mohammed Saleh, kaihokohoko rarahi o Jeddah (ko te nuinga he hokohoko i ngā wāhanga mīhini hinu)
2. Whakaitihia ngā utu o ngā taonga, ā, karohia te mōrearea o te "whakapaipai herea". He maha ngā rohe e kapi ana ngā kaihokohoko rarahi o Saudi Arabia, e hiahia ana kia maha ngā whakaritenga o ngā tauira paerewa hei penapena, ka hua ake he nui te whakapaipai e herea ana ki ngā taonga, ā, he nui te mōrearea o te nui rawa o ngā taonga. Mā te hoko ritenga ka taea te "whakariterite i runga i te tono" i runga i ngā ota o muri mai, me ngā rahinga ota iti ngāwari, ka kore e hiahiatia te penapena nui.
"Nā te whakaritenga kua poto ake te roa o ā mātou huringa taonga mai i te 90 rā ki te 45 rā, ka whakaitihia te herenga whakapaipai mā te 30%, ā, kāore mātou e manukanuka ki ngā whakatakotoranga kāore anō kia hokona, kāore i te tino rongonui." – Karim Youssef, kaihokohoko rarawe o Dammam (e kapi ana i te tohatoha mīhini hanga i te Rohe o te Rawhiti)
3. Ko te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia ā-rohe te mea nui ki te whakarei ake i te "whakataetae" Ahakoa he hototahi ngā paerewa ahumahi o Saudi ki ngā paerewa o te ao, he whakaritenga motuhake ā ētahi wheketere o raro mō ngā rahi tāutanga me ngā tikanga hononga. Ka aro tika te whakaritenga ki ēnei hiahia ā-rohe, ka āwhina i ngā kaihokohoko rarahi ki te whiwhi painga whakataetae ki runga ake i ngā hua whakataetae.
"I hiahiatia e tētahi rōpū mahi ahuwhenua nui o te rohe he mekameka roera me tētahi taumata motuhake. Ko ētahi atu kaiwhakarato anake i taea te tuku tauira paerewa. I whiwhi mātou i tētahi kirimana tuku roa mā te whakaritenga tere." – Abdul Rahman, he kaihokohoko rarahi o Riyadh (he tohunga ki ngā wāhanga mīhini ahuwhenua)
II. He Wehewehenga o te Tukanga Hokonga Mekameka Roera Whakarite (Mai i te Tono ki te Tukunga)
I runga i ngā wheako hokohoko a ngā kaihokohoko rarahi o Saudi Arabia, ka taea te wehewehe i te tukanga hokohoko ritenga kia rima ngā wāhanga matua, ia wāhanga e pā tika ana ki te whai huatanga o te hokohoko me te kounga o te hua:
1. Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero mō te Tono: Te Whakamārama i ngā "Tauwhā Matua + Ngā Horopaki Whakamahinga"
Me whakarato e ngā kaihokohoko rarahi ngā tawhā matua: te teitei o te mekameka roera, te maha o ngā rarangi, te roa o te mekameka, te kaha kawenga, me te awhe pāmahana whakahaere.
Whakamāramahia i te wā kotahi te horopaki tono (hei tauira, "te tuku taputapu keri hinu", "ngā mīhini ahuwhenua i ngā rohe koraha") me ngā whakaritenga motuhake (hei tauira, "te ātete ki te waikura", "te wetewete tere").
Taunakitanga: Kōwhiria ngā kaiwhakarato e tautoko ana i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero maha-reo (Arapi, Ingarihi) kia kore ai e hē te mārama ki ngā tawhā.
"Ka tukuna atu e mātou ngā whakaahua o ngā āhuatanga whakahaere o te wheketere o raro me ngā tuhi taputapu ki te kaiwhakarato. Ka whakaū te tīma hangarau o te kaiwhakarato reo Hainamana i ngā mea katoa i roto i te reo Ingarihi, tae atu ki te whakamahara mai ki a mātou kia tāpirihia ngā taipitopito mō te 'tiaki puehu.' He tino maeneene te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero." – Mohammed Saleh
2. Hoahoa Otinga: Mahi Tahi Hangarau + Whakaū Tauira
Ka whakaratohia e te kaiwhakarato he otinga ritenga e hangai ana ki ā mātou hiahia, tae atu ki te kōwhiringa rauemi, te arotau hanganga, te utu, me te wā tuku.
Hipanga Matua: Tonoa te kaiwhakarato kia whakarato i te 1-2 tauira hei whakamātautau tāutanga (ko te wā whakamātautau e taunakitia ana he 7-15 rā). Ka tīmata te whakaputa papatipu i muri i te whakaū i te hototahitanga.
Kia mōhio: Tautuhia mārama ngā whakaaetanga whakarerekētanga tauira hei karo i ngā whakaroa e puta mai ana i ngā whakatikatika otinga.
"He mea nui te whakamātautau tauira. I mua, i mahue i a mātou te whakamātautau, ā, i haere tika atu mātou ki te whakaputa papatipu, ā, i hua ake he tikanga hononga kāore i tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taputapu, ā, i whakaroahia te mahi anō mō ngā rā 20. Ināianei, ka whakamahia tonutia e mātou te tukanga tauira. Ahakoa e 10 ngā rā tāpiri, ka karohia ngā mate nui." – Karim Youssef
3. Te Waitohu i te Kirimana: Whakamāramahia te "Ngā Tika me ngā Kawenga + Ngā Paerewa"
Me whakamārama te kirimana i ēnei: ngā paerewa rauemi (hei tauira, ASTM, ISO), ngā tohu whakamātautau kounga (hei tauira, te kaha kume, te ātete ki te pakū), te huringa tuku, te tikanga utu, me te taurangi i muri i te hoko.
Taunakitanga mō te Mākete o Saudi Arabia: Whakaurua ngā rārangi mō te "utu mō te tuku whakaroa" me te "whakahokinga me te whakakapinga kore here mō ngā take kounga" hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea hoko.
4. Te Hanganga Papatipu: Te Aroturuki i te Ahunga Whakamua + Te Tirotiro i te Kounga Wāhi
I te wā o te tukanga whakaputa a te kaiwhakarato, ka taea e ngā kaihokohoko rarahi te tono whakaahua, ataata rānei mō te ahunga whakamua o te whakaputanga. Ka taea te tono tirotiro ā-wā mō ngā tohu matua (hei tauira, te whakarewa rauemi, te huihuinga mekameka).
Arotahi Matua: Mehemea ka tutuki te huringa whakaputa i te whakaaetanga (ko te tikanga me 25-45 ngā rā e hiahiatia ana e ngā kaihokohoko rarahi o Saudi mō te tuku) hei karo i ngā whakaroa whakaputa e pā ana ki te tuku i te hekenga.
5. Te Whakahaere me te Tukunga: Te Whakahāngai ki ngā Whakaritenga Tukunga o te Ao me te Whakawātea Tikanga
Kōwhiria ngā kaiwhakarato e tautoko ana i ngā utanga moana me ngā utanga rererangi o te ao, ā, e whakarato ana hoki i ngā tuhinga e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga whakawātea tikanga a Saudi Arabia (nama arumoni, rārangi tākai, tiwhikete takenga mai, pūrongo tirotiro kounga).
Ngā Taunakitanga mō te Takai: Whakamahia ngā takai ātete-makuku me te ātete-paowa (pērā i te takai korehau + ngā pouaka kātene mārō), kua tohua ki te "Fragile" me te "Misture-proof", e tika ana mō te taiao kawe waka moana pāmahana teitei i Saudi Arabia.
"He tino oti ngā tuhinga whakawātea tikanga i tukuna mai e te kaiwhakarato Hainamana, ā, i āwhina mai rātou i a mātou ki te tapa i ngā mōhiohio hua i roto i te reo Ārapi. E toru noa ngā rā i pau i te whakawātea tikanga, he haurua te tere o tā mātou kaiwhakarato Pākehā o mua." — Abdul Rahman
III. Ngā Painga Matua o te Hokonga Whakaritenga mai i te Tirohanga a ngā Kaihokohoko Rahi o Saudi
Haunga te "urutau ki ngā āhuatanga mahi, te whakaiti i ngā taonga, me te rohe," i whakanuia anō hoki e ngā kaihokohoko rarahi o Saudi Arabia ētahi painga matua e toru:
1. Te Whai Hua o te Utu: "Te Whakaritenga me te Kore Utu, he Whai Hua ake i te Wā Roa"
Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihokohoko rarahi o Saudi Arabia i kōrero ahakoa he 5%-10% teitei ake te utu mō ia hua whakarite i tērā o ngā hua whānui, he iti ake te utu whānui mō te wā roa nā te roa o te ora ratonga me te iti o te reiti rahunga. 1. **He 8% te utu nui ake o ngā mekameka roera whakarite, engari ka whakaitihia te auau whakakapinga mā te 60%, ka hua ake he 25% te hekenga o ngā utu whakahaere mō ngā wheketere o raro. He nui ake tā rātou hiahia ki te utu mō tēnei utu-whai hua nui.** — Mohammed Saleh
2. **Ratonga Tika Ake:** Mā ngā kaimahi whakatapua ka tere te whakatau i ngā raruraru. Ko ngā kaiwhakarato e whakarato ana i ngā ratonga ritenga he kaitohutohu hangarau me ngā kaiwhakahaere pūkete whakatapua e whai ana i te tukanga hokohoko katoa, ā, ka tere te whakautu ki ngā take pēnei i te hototahi tāutanga me ngā amuamu kounga.
"I muri i te tukunga o tētahi puranga, i pūrongohia e tētahi wheketere o raro iho te koretake o te taumahatanga i roto i ētahi hononga mekameka. I whakarite te kaiwhakarato kia tukuna mai e ngā tohunga hangarau he aratohu ataata mō te whakatikatika i taua rā anō, ā, i whakatauhia te take i roto i ngā rā e 3, me te kore e pā ki tō mātou ingoa pai." — Karim Youssef
3. **He Mahi Tahi Pūmau Ake:** "Hereheretia e ngā Hiahia, He Wini-Wini mō te Wā Roa" Mā te hoko ritenga ka poipoihia he whanaungatanga mahi tahi pumau, "e mārama ana ngā kaiwhakarato ki ngā hiahia, ā, ka whakamanahia ngā kaihokohoko rarahi." Hei pupuri i te mahi tahi mō te wā roa, ka arotau tonu ngā kaiwhakarato i ā rātou hua me ā rātou ratonga, ā, ka taea e ngā kaihokohoko rarahi te whakamahi i ō rātou kaha whakaritenga hei pupuri i ngā kiritaki o muri mai.
"E toru tau mātou e mahi tahi ana me tētahi kaiwhakarato Hainamana ki ngā otinga ritenga. Ka arotau rātou ki te arotau i ā rātou hua i runga i ngā huringa o ngā āhuatanga whakahaere o te mākete Saudi Arabia. Kua heke te reiti whakawhiti kiritaki mai i te 15% ki te 5%, ā, kei te whiwhi moni ngā taha e rua." – Abdul Rahman
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 12-2025