Ngā Mekameka Roera: Te Kōhatu Matua e Kitea ana o te Whakahoutanga Ahuwhenua

Ngā Mekameka Roera: Te Kōhatu Matua e Kitea ana o te Whakahoutanga Ahuwhenua

I te wā e kōrero ana mō te whanaketanga ahuwhenua, ka aro nui te aro ki ngā taputapu ahuwhenua rongonui pērā i ngā mīhini hauhake nui me ngā pūnaha whakamakuku atamai, engari he iti noa iho e aro ana ki ngā mea noa.mekameka roerai roto i ā rātou pūnaha tuku. Inaa, mai i te whakatipu mara ki te tukatuka witi, mai i te whakatipu kararehe ki te kawe hua ahuwhenua, ko ngā mekameka roera, me ā rātou mahi tuku pumau me te pono, kua noho hei hononga ngaro e whakarite ana i te mahi whai hua o te mekameka ahumahi ahuwhenua katoa. Ko tōna uara kore e kitea he pānga nui ki te whai huatanga o te whakaputa ahuwhenua, te whakahaere utu, me te whanaketanga pumau.

1. Te Whakapūmau i te Haere Tonu o te Whakaputa: He Arai Matua ki te Whakaiti i ngā "Ngaronga Huna" i roto i te Ahuwhenua

He tino ā-wā te mahi ahuwhenua, ā, he mea nui te wā. Mēnā ka pakaru ohorere ngā taputapu, ka ngaro pea ngā wā whakato, ka roa te kotinga, ā, ka mutu, ka ngaro pea ngā mate ōhanga. Hei wāhanga matua o te tuku i ngā mīhini ahuwhenua, he arai matua ngā mekameka roera hei whakarite i te haere tonu o te mahi.

I ngā rohe nui e whakaputa ana i te witi, ko ngā wāhanga nui pēnei i te pane me te pahu patu witi o ngā mīhini hauhake whakakotahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā mekameka roera mō te tuku. Ko ngā mekameka roera kounga teitei he mea hanga ki te maitai koranu kaha teitei, ā, ka tukuna he tukanga whakamahana hei tu atu i ngā kawenga pānga me te waku tonu o ngā mahi hauhake. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga he nui ake i te 800 hāora te roa o te mahi a ngā mīhini hauhake he mekameka roera kounga teitei, he pikinga 40% ki te whakataurite ki ngā mekameka paerewa. Heoi, i te wā hauhake kānga, ka pakaru ētahi pāmu i te mekameka nā te whakamahinga o ngā mekameka roera ngoikore. Ehara i te mea ko te 2-3 rā anake te wā whakamutu mō te whakakapinga wāhanga e hiahiatia ana, engari ka piki ake hoki te ngaronga kānga mā te 15% mō ia eka nā te noho me te harore. Ko tēnei āhuatanga "kāore he hapa e hanga uara" ka waiho ngā mekameka roera hei wāhi huna ki te whakaiti i ngā "ngaronga huna" i roto i te ahuwhenua.

I roto i te mahi pāmu kararehe, ko te whakahaere tonu o ngā pūnaha whāngai aunoa me ngā taputapu tango paru e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā mekameka roera. He maha ngā haerenga hoki-mai a ngā kai whāngai o ngā pāmu nui i ia rā, ā, ko te ātete ki te pakaru o ngā mekameka roera te mea e whakatau tika ana i te auau o te tiaki taputapu. I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau whakatairite i whakahaerehia e tētahi pāmu poaka kaha, me whakakapi ngā mekameka roera tikanga i ia toru marama i te toharite. I ia whakamutu tiaki ka hua ake he whakaroa whāngai, ka pā ki te huringa tipu o ngā poaka. Nā te huri ki ngā mekameka roera tino tika i roa ake ai te ora ratonga ki te 18 marama, ka whakaitihia ngā utu tiaki mā te 60,000 yuan ia tau, me te karo hoki i ngā mate i puta mai i te whāngai wawe.

II. Te Whakapai Ake i te Whai Hua o te Tuku: Te Mana Kāore e Kitea e Whakahohe ana i te "Tika" me te "Tauine" i roto i te Ahuwhenua

Ko te kaupapa matua o te whakahoutanga ahuwhenua ko te "whakapai ake i te whai huatanga," ā, ko te whai huatanga o te tuku o ngā mekameka roera e pā tika ana ki te tika o te mahi me te kaha o te tauine o ngā mīhini ahuwhenua. Ki te whakatauritea ki te paheke me te utu nui o ngā taraiwa whitiki, mā ngā āhuatanga "tuku ōwehenga-pūmau" o ngā mekameka roera ka taea e ngā taputapu ahuwhenua te whakahaere tika i ngā tohutohu whakahaere, ka tautoko i te ahuwhenua tika me te whakaputa nui.

I te wā e ruia ana, ka honoa te mita purapura o te mīhini rui tika ki te pūnaha hiko mā te mekameka roera. Me whakahaere te hapa tuku o te mekameka i roto i te 0.5% kia ōrite ai te tawhiti o ngā tipu me te hohonu o te rui. Ka whakamahia e te wiri purapura kore-whakatō i whakawhanakehia e tētahi kamupene hangarau ahuwhenua he mekameka roera ritenga, hei whakapai ake i te tika o te rui mai i te ±3 cm ki te ±1 cm. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei te hapa rui mō ia eka mā te 8%. Ehara i te mea ka penapena noa i ngā utu purapura engari ka whakapiki ake hoki i te hua mō ia eka mā te tata ki te 5% nā te pai ake o te ōritetanga o te hua. Ko tēnei whakapainga tika "taumata-mirimita" e whakaata tika ana i te uara kore e kitea o ngā mekameka roera.

Mō ngā pāmu nui, ko te pai o te tuku hiko o ngā mīhini ahuwhenua nui e whakatau ana i te whānui o te mahi me te kaha whakaputa. Ka whakamahia e ngā mīhini huri e peia ana e te tarakihana, ngā parau hohonu, me ētahi atu taputapu ngā mekameka roera hei huri i te mana miihini hei mana whakahaere. Ka taea e ngā mekameka roera kounga teitei te whakatutuki i te pai o te tuku neke atu i te 98%, engari ko ngā mekameka kore whai hua ka hua ake te ngaronga hiko me te whakapaunga wahie o te 10%-15%. Hei tauira, ka taea e te tarakihana 150-horsepower me te mekameka roera whai hua teitei te kapi i te 30 eka tāpiri ia rā. Ki te whakaaro he 80 yuan te moni whiwhi mahi mō ia eka, ka taea e tēnei te whakaputa tata ki te 100,000 yuan i roto i te uara tāpiri mō ia wā mahi.

III. Te Whakawhanui i ngā Huringa Ora o ngā Taputapu: Tautoko Wā-Roa mō te Arotau i ngā Hanganga Utu Ahuwhenua

He rawa pumau nui ngā taputapu ahuwhenua i ngā pāmu, ā, ko tōna roa o te mahi ka pā tika ki ngā utu roa o te whakaputanga ahuwhenua. Ko te pakari me te ngāwari o ngā mekameka roera e kore e whakaiti noa i te auau o te whakakapinga taputapu engari ka whakaiti hoki i te pakaru o ngā wāhanga e pā ana mā te tuku pumau, ā, mā reira ka roa ake te huringa ora o te taputapu katoa me te whakatutuki i te uara roa o te "whakaiti utu me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga."

I roto i te tukatuka witi, ka whakawhirinaki ngā pūnaha taraiwa roera o ngā mira paraoa, ngā mira raihi, me ētahi atu taputapu ki te mahi pumau o ngā mekameka roera. Mā te kore e tika te hono o ngā mekameka ngoikore ka arahi ki te mahi roera kore pumau, ka nui ake te pakaru o ngā peera, ngā taputapu, me ētahi atu wāhanga, ka whakapoto i te roa o te oranga o ngā taputapu mā te 30%. I tētahi atu taha, ko ngā mekameka roera e whakamahi ana i te tukanga whakapūkara me te tinei, ehara i te mea ka roa ake te ora ki te neke atu i te rima tau engari ka whakaitihia hoki te auau o te whakakapinga wāhanga e pā ana, ka whakaitihia ngā utu tiaki taputapu mā te 40%. Kua whakaatuhia e tētahi mira paraoa rahi-waenga mā te whakakapi noa i ngā mekameka roera kounga teitei, ka taea e rātou te penapena i te 80,000 ki te 100,000 yuan i roto i ngā utu tiaki taputapu ā-tau, ā, ka roa ake te wā whakahekenga uara o ngā taputapu mai i te 8 ki te 12 tau.

Hei tāpiri atu, nā te maha o ngā mekameka roera ka taea te whakahaere i ngā utu i roto i te ahuwhenua. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā mekameka roera o ngā whakaritenga ōrite me ngā waitohu me ngā tauira mīhini ahuwhenua rerekē, ka whakaiti i te pēhanga o ngā wāhanga tāpui i runga i ngā pāmu. Mō ngā pāmu i ngā rohe tūmatanui, ko te korenga o ngā wāhanga tāpui te wero nui i muri i te pakaru o ngā taputapu. Nā te maha o ngā mekameka roera ka taea e ngā pāmu te penapena i te iti noa o ngā whakaritenga matua hei whakahaere i ngā whakatikatika ohorere mō te whānuitanga o ngā taputapu, ka whakaiti i te whakapaipai taonga me ngā utu rokiroki.

IV. Te Whakatairanga i ngā Whakapai Ahuwhenua: Te Kaupapa Matua o te Tautoko i te Whakawhanaketanga Ahuwhenua Tauwhiro

I te neke haere o te ahuwhenua o te ao ki ngā mahi matomato, whai hua, me te pumau, kei te kaha haere ngā whakaritenga mō ngā wāhanga tuku i roto i ngā taputapu ahuwhenua hou. Ko te whanaketanga hangarau o ngā mekameka roera kei te tautoko i ngā whakapainga mīhini ahuwhenua, ā, kei te akiaki i ngā huringa o ngā tikanga whakaputa ahuwhenua.

I roto i te ao o ngā mīhini ahuwhenua pūngao hou, ko ngā taputapu hou pēnei i ngā tarakihana hiko me ngā taputapu whakamakuku rā e nui ake ana te tono mō te iti o te haruru me te iti o te whakapaunga pūngao i roto i ā rātou pūnaha tuku. Mā te arotau i te hanganga pereti mekameka me te whakamahi i te hinu whakahinuhinu puku, ka taea e ngā mekameka roera tuku iho te whakaiti i te haruru ki raro iho i te 65 tetere me te whakapaunga pūngao mā te 5%, ka tino pai mō ngā hiahia o ngā mīhini ahuwhenua pūngao hou. Ko tētahi mīhini hauhake hiko i whakawhanakehia e tētahi kamupene, he mekameka roera puku kei a ia, ehara i te mea ka tutuki noa i ngā paerewa haruru mō ngā mahi ahuwhenua engari ka whakaitihia hoki te whakapaunga pūngao, ka roa ake te wā mahi mā te 1.5 hāora i runga i te utunga kotahi, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi.

I roto i te ao ahuwhenua taiao, mā te ātete ki te waikura o ngā mekameka roera ka taea te whakamahi i ngā mīhini ahuwhenua e pai ana mō te taiao. Ko ngā mīhini whakato raihi me ngā mīhini tiaki hua e whakamahia ana i ngā mara raihi ka roa te wā e pāngia ana e ngā taiao makuku me te puehu, ā, ka ngāwari te waikura me te pakaru o ngā mekameka tuku iho. Heoi, ko ngā mekameka roera i hangaia ki te maitai kore waikura, ki ngā paninga mata rānei, ka taea te tu atu ki te waikura waikawa me te kawakore me te rumaki ki te wai paru, ka roa ake te roa o te ora mahi neke atu i te rua ngā wā. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te para i puta mai i ngā whakakapinga mekameka engari ka whakaitihia hoki te parahanga oneone me te wai mai i ngā mahi mīhini ahuwhenua, e hangai ana ki te whanaketanga o te ahuwhenua taiao.

Hei tāpiri atu, mā te hoahoa ā-pūrere o ngā mekameka roera ka taea te whakapai ake i ngā mīhini ahuwhenua mā te hoahoa ā-pūrere o ngā mekameka roera. Mā te whakauru i ngā pūoko ki roto i te mekameka, ka taea te aroturuki i ngā tawhā pēnei i te taumahatanga me te pāmahana o te pūnaha tuku i te wā tūturu, ka tukuna ēnei raraunga ki te pūnaha whakahaere atamai o te mīhini, ka taea ai te tiaki matapae. Ina puta mai ngā whakatūpato mō te kakahu o te mekameka, ka taea e te pūnaha te whakatūpato wawe i ngā kaiwhakahaere kia whakakapia te mekameka, kia kore ai e puta ngā aukati whakaputa i puta mai i ngā pakaru ohorere. Kei te noho tēnei huinga o te "mātauranga + tuku pono" hei wāhanga nui o te ahuwhenua atamai.

Me pēhea te whiriwhiri: Te mōhio ki te "uara kore e kitea" o ngā mekameka roera

Mō ngā kaiwhakahaere ahuwhenua, ko te whiriwhiri i te mekameka roera tika he mea nui hei whakatutuki i tōna uara kore-ā-tinana. I te wā e hoko ana, arotahi ki ngā tohu matua e toru: Tuatahi, "Ngā Rauemi me ngā Mahi Toi." Pai ake ngā hua i hangaia mai i ngā maitai kaha-teitei pērā i te 40Cr me te 20Mn2, ka whakapakeketia, ka whakakākahuria hoki ki te roera. Tuarua, "Te Tohu Tika." E taunaki ana ngā mīhini ahuwhenua kia whakamahia ngā mekameka me te ISO Tohu 6, teitei ake rānei te tika hei whakarite i te tuku pumau. Tuatoru, "Te Hototahi." Kōwhiria he piko me te diameter roera e ōrite ana ki te kaha, te tere, me te taiao whakahaere o ngā mīhini ahuwhenua. Kei te wātea te whakaritenga mēnā e tika ana.

He mea nui anō hoki te tiaki auau. I a koe e whakamahi ana i ia rā, horoia wawetia te mekameka i te paru me ngā para, ā, pania he hinu whakahinuhinu motuhake i ia wā hei ārai i te tere o te pakaru i puta mai i te waku maroke. Mā ngā mahi tiaki ngāwari ka roa ake te ora o ngā mekameka roera mā te 30% atu, ka nui ake te uara kāore e kitea.

Whakamutunga: Ka tautoko te Uara Kāore e Kitea i tētahi Ao Tūroa
Kāore i ngā mekameka roera te haruru o te mīhini hauhake, te kanapa rānei o ngā pūnaha atamai, engari ka uru puku atu ki ngā āhuatanga katoa o te whakaputanga ahuwhenua. Ka whakarite i te whakaputanga tonu, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi, ka arotau i ngā hanganga utu, ā, ka akiaki i ngā whakapainga ahuwhenua. Ko tēnei uara kore e kitea te pūtake o te mīhini ahuwhenua me te miihini kore e kitea o te whakahoutanga ahuwhenua.