Te pāmahana me te wā tinei o te mekameka roera: te tātaritanga o ngā tawhā tukanga matua
I roto i te mara o te tuku miihini,mekameka roeraHe wāhanga matua tēnei, ā, ka pā tika tōna mahi ki te whai huatanga o te mahi me te pono o ngā taputapu mīhini. Ko te tinei, hei tukanga maimoatanga wera matua i roto i te hanga mekameka roera, he mea nui ki te whakapai ake i tōna kaha, tōna pakeketanga, tōna ātete ki te kakahu me te roa o te ora o te ngenge. Ka tūhuratia hohonutia e tēnei tuhinga ngā mātāpono whakatau o te pāmahana me te wā tinei mekameka roera, ngā tawhā tukanga o ngā rauemi noa, te whakahaere tukanga me ngā whanaketanga hou, me te whāinga ki te whakarato i ngā tohutoro hangarau taipitopito mō ngā kaihanga mekameka roera me ngā kaihoko rarawe o te ao, hei āwhina i a rātou ki te mārama hohonu ki te pānga o te tukanga tinei ki te mahi mekameka roera me te whakatau i ngā whakataunga whakaputa me te hoko me te whai whakaaro nui ake.
1. Ngā ariā taketake o te tinei mekameka roera
Ko te tinei he tukanga whakamahana e whakamahana ana i te mekameka roera ki tētahi pāmahana, e pupuri ana i te mahana mō tētahi wā, kātahi ka whakamatao tere. Ko tōna kaupapa he whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te mekameka roera, pērā i te pakeke me te kaha, mā te whakarerekē i te hanganga whakarewa o te rauemi. Mā te whakamatao tere ka huri te austenite ki te martensite, ki te bainite rānei, ka hoatu ki te mekameka roera he āhuatanga whānui tino pai.
2. Te pūtake mō te whakatau i te pāmahana tinei
Te pūwāhi matua o ngā rauemi: He rerekē ngā pūwāhi matua o ngā mekameka roera o ngā rauemi rerekē, pērā i te Ac1 me te Ac3. Ko te Ac1 te pāmahana teitei rawa o te rohe wāhanga-rua o te pearlite me te ferrite, ā, ko te Ac3 te pāmahana iti rawa mō te austenitization katoa. Ko te pāmahana tinei ka tīpakohia i runga ake i te Ac3, i te Ac1 rānei hei whakarite kia tino austenitized te rauemi. Hei tauira, mō ngā mekameka roera i hangaia ki te maitai 45, ko te Ac1 he 727℃ te teitei, ko te Ac3 he 780℃ te teitei, ā, ko te pāmahana tinei he maha ngā wā ka tīpakohia i te 800℃ te teitei.
Ngā whakaritenga hanganga rauemi me te mahi: Ka pā te nui o ngā huānga whakarewa ki te pakari me te mahi a ngā mekameka roera. Mō ngā mekameka roera he nui ngā huānga whakarewa, pērā i ngā mekameka roera maitai whakarewa, ka taea te whakanui ake i te pāmahana tinei kia pai ake ai te pakari me te whakarite kia pai te pakeke me te kaha o te matua. Mō ngā mekameka roera maitai waro-iti, kaua e tino teitei te pāmahana tinei kia kore ai e tino waikura me te tango waro, ka pā ki te kounga o te mata.
Te whakahaere i te rahi o te kōhao Austenite: ka taea e ngā kōhao austenite pai te hanga i te hanganga martensite pai i muri i te tinei, kia nui ake ai te kaha me te pakari o te mekameka roera. Nō reira, me whiriwhiri te pāmahana tinei i roto i te awhe ka taea te hanga i ngā kōhao austenite pai. I te nuinga o te wā, i te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka tipu haere ngā kōhao austenite, engari mā te whakanui ake i te tere whakamatao, te tango rānei i ngā tikanga tukanga hei whakapai ake i ngā kōhao ka ārai i te tipu o te kōhao ki tētahi taumata.
3. Ngā āhuatanga e whakatau ana i te wā tinei
Te rahi me te āhua o te mekameka roera: ko ngā mekameka roera nui ake me roa ake te wā whakamahana kia tino whakawhitia te wera ki roto, kia ōrite hoki te whakaaustenititanga o te wāhanga whakawhiti katoa. Hei tauira, mō ngā pereti mekameka roera he nui ake te diameter, ka taea te whakaroa ake i te wā whakamahana.
Te tikanga uta me te whakarārangi i roto i te oumu: Mā te nui rawa o te uta i roto i te oumu, mā te whakarārangi matotoru rawa rānei, ka kore e ōrite te wera o te mekameka roera, ka kore e ōrite te whakapūmautanga. Nō reira, i te wā e whakatau ana i te wā tinei, me whai whakaaro ki te pānga o te tikanga uta me te whakarārangi i roto i te oumu ki te whakawhiti wera, me te whakanui ake i te wā pupuri, me te whakarite kia taea e ia mekameka roera te whakatutuki i te pānga tinei tino pai.
Te ōritetanga o te pāmahana o te oumu me te tere whakamahana: Mā ngā taputapu whakamahana he pai te ōritetanga o te pāmahana o te oumu ka taea te whakamahana i ngā wāhanga katoa o te mekameka roera kia ōrite te wera, ā, ka poto ake te wā e hiahiatia ana kia eke ki te pāmahana kotahi, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te wā pupuri. Ka pā anō hoki te tere whakamahana ki te taumata o te austenitization. Ka taea e te whakamahana tere te whakapoto i te wā kia eke ki te pāmahana tinei, engari me whakarite te wā pupuri kia tino ōrite te austenite.
4. Te pāmahana me te wā tinei o ngā rauemi mekameka roera noa
Mekameka roera maitai waro
45 maitai: Ko te pāmahana tinei he 800℃-850℃ te tikanga, ā, ko te wā pupuri ka whakatauhia i runga i te rahi o te mekameka roera me te uta o te oumu, ko te tikanga he 30min-60min te nuinga. Hei tauira, mō ngā mekameka roera maitai 45 iti, ka taea te whiriwhiri i te pāmahana tinei hei 820℃, ā, ko te wā whakamahana he 30min; mō ngā mekameka roera nui, ka taea te whakanui ake i te pāmahana tinei ki te 840℃, ā, ko te wā whakamahana he 60min.
T8 maitai: Ko te pāmahana tinei he tata ki te 780℃-820℃, ā, ko te wā whakamahana he 20min-50min te tikanga. He pakeke ake te mekameka roera maitai T8 i muri i te tinei, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā wā tuku me ngā kawenga pānga nui.
Mekameka roera maitai koranu
Rino 20CrMnTi: Ko te pāmahana tinei he 860℃-900℃ te tikanga, ā, ko te wā whakamahana he 40min-70min. He pai te pakari o tēnei rauemi, ā, he ātete ki te kakahu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mekameka roera i roto i ngā ahumahi motuka, motopaika me ētahi atu ahumahi.
Rino 40Cr: Ko te pāmahana tinei he 830℃-860℃, ā, ko te wā whakamahana he 30min-60min. He kaha me te pakari te mekameka roera rino 40Cr, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te mara o te tuku ahumahi.
Mekameka roera kowiri tira: Hei tauira, ko te 304 kowiri tira, ko te pāmahana tinei he 1050℃-1150℃ te tikanga, ā, ko te wā whakamahana he 30min-60min. He pai te ātete ki te waikura o te mekameka roera kowiri tira, ā, he pai mō ngā ahumahi matū, kai me ētahi atu ahumahi.
5. Te whakahaere i te tukanga tinei
Te whakahaere tukanga whakamahana: Whakamahia ngā taputapu whakamahana matatau, pērā i te oumu hau e whakahaeretia ana, hei whakahaere tika i te tere whakamahana me te hau i roto i te oumu hei whakaiti i te waikura me te tango waro. I te wā o te tukanga whakamahana, whakahaerehia te tere whakamahana i roto i ngā wāhanga hei karo i te whakarerekētanga o te mekameka roera, te ahotea wera rānei i puta mai i te pikinga ohorere o te pāmahana.
Te whiriwhiri i te reo tinei me te whakahaere tukanga whakamatao: Kōwhiria he reo tinei e tika ana kia rite ki te rauemi me te rahi o te mekameka roera, pērā i te wai, te hinu, te wai tinei polymer, me ētahi atu. He tere te tere whakamatao o te wai, ā, he pai mō ngā mekameka roera maitai waro iti; he puhoi te tere whakamatao o te hinu, ā, he pai mō ngā mekameka roera maitai nui ake, ngā mekameka roera maitai koranu rānei. I te wā whakamatao, whakahaerehia te pāmahana, te tere whakaoho me ētahi atu tawhā o te reo tinei kia pai ai te whakamatao me te karo i ngā pakaru tinei.
Te whakamahana: Me whakamahana te mekameka roera i muri i te tineitanga kia kore ai e pāngia e te ahotea tineitanga, kia pumau ai te hanganga, kia pai ake ai te pakari. Ko te pāmahana whakamahana he 150℃-300℃ te tikanga, ā, ko te wā pupuri he 1h-3h. Me whakatau te kōwhiringa pāmahana whakamahana kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga me ngā whakaritenga pakeke o te mekameka roera. Hei tauira, mō ngā mekameka roera e hiahia ana ki te pakeketanga teitei, ka taea te whakaiti i te pāmahana whakamahana kia tika.
6. Te whanaketanga hou o te hangarau tinei
Te tukanga tinei isothermal: Mā te whakahaere i te pāmahana o te reo tinei, ka noho isothermal te mekameka roera i roto i te awhe pāmahana whakawhiti austenite me te bainite kia whiwhi ai i te hanganga bainite. Ka taea e te tinei isothermal te whakaiti i te whakarerekētanga tinei, te whakapai ake i te tika o te āhua me ngā āhuatanga miihini o te mekameka roera, ā, he pai mō te hanga i ētahi mekameka roera tino tika. Hei tauira, ko ngā tawhā tukanga tinei isothermal o te pereti mekameka maitai C55E ko te pāmahana tinei 850℃, te pāmahana isothermal 310℃, te wā isothermal 25min. I muri i te tinei, ka tutuki te pakeke o te pereti mekameka i ngā whakaritenga hangarau, ā, ko te kaha, te ngenge me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te mekameka he tata ki ērā o ngā rauemi 50CrV i tukatukahia ki te tukanga kotahi.
Te tukanga tinei whakarōpū: Ka whakamataohia te mekameka roera i roto i te reo i te pāmahana teitei ake, kātahi ka whakamataohia i roto i te reo i te pāmahana iti iho, kia ōrite ai te whakarerekētanga o ngā hanganga o roto me waho o te mekameka roera. Mā te tinei āta haere ka taea te whakaiti i te ahotea tinei, te whakaiti i ngā hapa tinei, me te whakapai ake i te kounga me te mahi a te mekameka roera.
Te whakaata rorohiko me te hangarau arotau: Whakamahia ngā pūmanawa whakaata rorohiko, pērā i a JMatPro, hei whakaata i te tukanga tinei o te mekameka roera, hei matapae i ngā huringa o te whakaritenga me te mahi, me te arotau i ngā tawhā tukanga tinei. Mā te whakaata, ka taea te mārama i mua i te awe o ngā pāmahana me ngā wā tinei rerekē ki te mahi o te mekameka roera, ka taea te whakaiti i te maha o ngā whakamātautau, ā, ka taea te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te hoahoa tukanga.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te pāmahana me te wā tinei o te mekameka roera ngā tawhā tukanga matua e pā ana ki tana mahi. I roto i te whakaputanga tuturu, me whiriwhiri tika te pāmahana me te wā tinei kia rite ki te rauemi, te rahi, ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te mekameka roera, me te whakahaere tika i te tukanga tinei kia whiwhi ai i ngā hua mekameka roera kounga teitei me te mahi teitei. I taua wā anō, me te whanaketanga tonu me te auahatanga o te hangarau tinei, pērā i te tinei isothermal, te tinei whakarōpū me te whakamahinga o te hangarau whakaata rorohiko, ka whakapai ake i te kounga whakaputa me te whai huatanga o ngā mekameka roera kia tutuki ai te hiahia o te mākete e tipu haere ana.
Wā tuku: Mei-09-2025