He kupu whakataki ki ngā tukanga maimoatanga wera noa mō ngā mekameka

He kupu whakataki ki ngā tukanga maimoatanga wera noa mō ngā mekameka
I roto i te tukanga hanga mekameka, ko te tukanga maimoatanga wera he hononga matua hei whakapai ake i te mahi a te mekameka. Mā te maimoatanga wera, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha, te pakeke, te ātete ki te kakahu me te roa o te ora o te mekameka kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā momo whakamahinga. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tukanga maimoatanga wera noa mōmekameka, tae atu ki te tinei, te whakamahana, te whakakāpūhau, te whakanitoria, te whakakāpūhau me ētahi atu tukanga

1. Tirohanga whānui o te tukanga maimoatanga wera
Ko te maimoatanga wera he tukanga e whakarerekē ana i te hanganga o roto o ngā rauemi whakarewa mā te whakamahana, te whakamarumaru me te whakamatao kia whiwhi ai i te mahi e hiahiatia ana. Mō ngā mekameka, ka taea e te maimoatanga wera te whakapai ake i ō rātou āhuatanga miihini me te pupuri i a rātou kia mau tonu te oma i raro i ngā tikanga mahi uaua.

2. Tukanga tinei
Ko te tinei tetahi o ngā tukanga tino noa i roto i te maimoatanga wera mekameka. Ko te kaupapa he whakapai ake i te pakeketanga me te kaha o te mekameka mā te whakamatao tere. Ko ngā mahi motuhake e whai ake nei o te tukanga tinei:
1. Te whakamahana
Whakamahanahia te mekameka ki te pāmahana e tika ana, ko te pāmahana tinei o te rauemi te tikanga. Hei tauira, mō ngā mekameka maitai waro, ko te pāmahana tinei he tata ki te 850℃.
2. Te whakamarumaru
Kia tae ki te pāmahana tinei, me pupuri tonu he wā whakamahana kia ōrite te pāmahana o roto o te mekameka. Ko te wā whakamahana ka whakatauhia i runga i te rahi me ngā āhuatanga rauemi o te mekameka.
3. Te tinei
Ka tere te rumakina o te mekameka ki roto i tētahi mea whakamātao pērā i te wai matao, te hinu, te wai tote rānei. Ko te whiriwhiri i te mea whakamātao ka whakawhirinaki ki te rauemi me ngā whakaritenga mahi o te mekameka. Hei tauira, mō ngā mekameka maitai waro-teitei, ka whakamahia te whakamātao hinu hei whakaiti i te āhua rerekē.
4. Te whakamahana
Ka nui ake te ahotea o roto o te mekameka kua tineia, nō reira me whakamahana. Ko te whakamahana he whakamahana i te mekameka kua tineia ki te pāmahana e tika ana (he iti iho i te Ac1), kia mahana mō tētahi wā, kātahi ka whakamatao. Ka taea e te whakamahana te whakaiti i te ahotea o roto me te whakanui ake i te pakari o te mekameka.

III. Te tukanga whakamahana
He tukanga tāpiri te whakamahana i muri i te tinei. Ko tōna kaupapa matua he whakakore i te ahotea o roto, he whakatikatika i te pakeketanga, me te whakapai ake i te mahi tukatuka. E ai ki te pāmahana whakamahana, ka taea te wehewehe i te whakamahana ki te whakamahana pāmahana-iti (150℃-250℃), te whakamahana pāmahana-waenga (350℃-500℃) me te whakamahana pāmahana-tiketike (neke atu i te 500℃). Hei tauira, mō ngā mekameka e hiahia ana ki te pakari teitei, ko te whakamahana pāmahana-waenga te tikanga e whakamahia ana.

IV. Te tukanga whakakākahu
Ko te whakakāpūnga he tukanga whakapakeke mata, e whakamahia ana hei whakapai ake i te pakeketanga me te ātete ki te kakahu o te mata mekameka. Kei roto i te tukanga whakakāpūnga ngā mahi e whai ake nei:

1. Te whakamahana
Whakamahanahia te mekameka ki te pāmahana whakapūkara, ko te tikanga 900℃-950℃.

2. Te Whakapūngao
Whakatakotoria te mekameka ki roto i tētahi reo whakapūkara, pērā i te wairewa konutai cyanide, i te hau whakapūkara rānei, kia marara ai ngā ngota waro ki te mata me roto hoki o te mekameka.

3. Te tinei
Me tineia te mekameka warowaihā hei whakapakeke i te paparanga warowaihā, hei whakanui hoki i te pakeketanga.

4. Te whakamahana
Ka whakamahanatia te mekameka kua tineia hei whakakore i te ahotea o roto, hei whakatika hoki i te pakeketanga.

5. Te tukanga whakanitoria
Ko te whakapūkara nitride he tukanga whakapakeke mata e whakapai ake ana i te pakeketanga me te ātete ki te kakahu o te mekameka mā te hanga i tētahi paparanga nitride ki runga i te mata o te mekameka. Ko te tikanga ka mahia te tukanga whakapūkara nitride i te pāmahana o te 500℃-600℃, ā, ka whakatauhia te wā whakapūkara nitride i runga i te rahi me ngā whakaritenga mahi o te mekameka.

6. Te tukanga whakapūkara waro
Ko te whakakāponi he tukanga e whakakotahi ana i ngā painga o te whakakāponi me te whakanitoria, ā, e whakamahia ana hei whakapai ake i te pakeketanga me te ātete ki te kakahu o te mata mekameka. Kei roto i te tukanga whakakāponi ko te whakamahana, te whakanitoria, te tinei me te whakamahana.

7. Tukanga tinei mata
Ko te tinei mata te mea nui hei whakapai ake i te pakeketanga me te ātete ki te kakahu o te mata mekameka, me te pupuri tonu i te pakari o roto. Ka taea te wehewehe i te tinei mata ki te tinei mata whakamahana arataki, te tinei mata whakamahana mura me te tinei mata whakamahana pā hiko e ai ki ngā tikanga whakamahana rerekē.
1. Te whakamahana i te mata o te whakamahana
Ko te whakamahana arataki i te mata whakamahana hiko e whakamahi ana i te kaupapa o te arataki hikohiko hei whakamahana tere i te mata mekameka ki te pāmahana tinei, kātahi ka whakamatao wawe. He painga tēnei tikanga o te tere whakamahana tere me te hohonu o te paparanga tinei ka taea te whakahaere.
2. Te Whakamahana i te Mata o te Mura
Ko te whakamahana mura o te mata he whakamahana i te mata o te mekameka, kātahi ka tineia. He pai tēnei tikanga mō ngā mekameka nui, mō ngā tineia ā-rohe rānei.

VIII. Te Maimoatanga i te Kaumātuatanga
Ko te maimoatanga koroheketanga he tukanga e whakapai ake ana i ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi whakarewa mā te tikanga taiao, mā te tikanga horihori rānei. Ko te maimoatanga koroheketanga taiao ko te whakanoho i te mea mahi ki te pāmahana rūma mō te wā roa, ko te maimoatanga koroheketanga horihori ia ka tutuki mā te whakamahana ki te pāmahana teitei ake me te pupuri i te mahana mō te wā poto.

IX. Te kōwhiringa o te tukanga maimoatanga wera
Ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi tukanga maimoatanga wera e tika ana me whai whakaaro whānui ki ngā rauemi, te taiao whakamahi me ngā whakaritenga mahi o te mekameka. Hei tauira, mō ngā mekameka kawenga nui me ngā mekameka ātete-kakahu nui, ko ngā tukanga tinei me te whakamahana he kōwhiringa noa; engari mō ngā mekameka e hiahia ana ki te pakeke o te mata, he pai ake ngā tukanga whakapūkara, whakapūkara rānei.
X. Te whakahaere i te tukanga maimoatanga wera
He mea tino nui te whakahaere kounga o te tukanga maimoatanga wera. I roto i te mahi tūturu, me tino whakahaere ngā tawhā pēnei i te pāmahana whakamahana, te wā pupuri me te tere whakamatao kia mau ai te pumau me te pono o te pānga maimoatanga wera.

Whakamutunga
Mā te tukanga whakamahana i runga ake nei, ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi a te mekameka kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā momo whakamahinga rerekē. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā mekameka, me mārama ngā kaihoko rarawe o te ao ki te tukanga whakamahana o ngā mekameka i runga i ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga motuhake me ngā whakaritenga mahi kia taea ai e ngā hua kua hokona te whakatutuki i ā rātou hiahia whakamahinga.