Ātete Pānga o ngā Mekameka Roera Mīhini Ahuwhenua

Ātete Pānga o ngā Mekameka Roera Mīhini Ahuwhenua

I te tere haere o te whakamahi mīhini ahuwhenua, kua noho ngā mīhini ahuwhenua hei wāhanga nui hei whakarite i te haumarutanga kai me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga ahuwhenua. Hei "hononga hiko" i roto i ngā pūnaha tuku mīhini ahuwhenua, ko te mahi a ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua te mea tika hei whakatau i te pumau me te pono o ngā mahi mīhini ahuwhenua. I roto i ngā taiao mara uaua me te huri haere tonu, he maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua e ngā kawenga pānga. Nō reira, ko te ātete pānga pai kua noho hei tohu matua mō te kounga o te mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua. Ka arotakehia e tēnei tuhinga, e whakamahi ana i ngā āhuatanga mahi tuturu o ngā mīhini ahuwhenua, te hiranga omekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenuate ātete ki te pānga, ōna mātāpono hangarau, ngā tikanga manatoko, me te uara mahi e kawea mai ana e ia ki te whakaputanga ahuwhenua, e whakarato ana i te māramatanga whānui mō tēnei "kaitiaki huna" i roto i ngā mīhini ahuwhenua.

I. Ngā "Whakamātautau Uaua" o te Mahi a ngā Mīhini Ahuwhenua: He aha te Hiranga o te Ātete Pānga? He tino rerekē ngā taiao whakaputa ahuwhenua i ngā taiao pumau o ngā awheawhe ahumahi. Me aro atu ngā mīhini ahuwhenua e mahi ana i te mara ki ngā āhuatanga uaua me te kino, he maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā mekameka roera o te mīhini e te pānga kino. Ka pāngia pea te pai o te mahi e te ātete pānga kore e ranea, ka arahi rānei ki te pakaru o ngā taputapu, ka hua ake he mate ōhanga nui.

(I) Ngā Pānga o te Whenua Matatini

Ahakoa e whakahaerehia ana i runga i ngā mania piko, i ngā pari pari rānei i ngā whenua pukepuke me ngā maunga, ka pāngia ngā mīhini ahuwhenua e ngā nekehanga rerekē o te wiri me te oho i te wā e whakahaerehia ana. Ka tukuna tika atu tēnei wiri ki ngā mekameka roera i roto i te pūnaha taraiwa, ka tukuna ki a rātou ngā kawenga tere rawa atu i ngā āhuatanga mahi noa. Hei tauira, ina tūtaki te mīhini hauhake whakakotahi ki tētahi pari, ki tētahi papa oneone rānei kua ara ake i te wā e hauhake ana, ka piki, ka heke ohorere ngā wira, ka hanga he tukinga kaha i te pūwāhi hononga i waenga i te mekameka me te poro. Mena he ngoikore te ātete pānga o te mekameka, he tino tūponotanga ka puta ngā raruraru pēnei i te whakarerekētanga o te hononga me te whati o te pine. (2) Ngā Hurihanga Nui o ngā Utaina Whakahaere Mīhini Ahuwhenua

I te wā e mahi ana ngā mīhini ahuwhenua, kāore ngā kawenga e pumau tonu, engari he maha ngā wā ka tino rerekē. Hei tauira, ina kukume te tarakihana i ngā taputapu ahuwhenua hei parau, ki te piki ohorere te hohonu o te parau, ki te tūtaki rānei ki te oneone pakeke, ki ngā toka rānei, ka piki tonu te ātete ki te kukume, ka piki tere te taipana o te mekameka taraiwa, ka hua ake he kawenga pānga kaha. Hei tāpiri, i te wā e tīmata ana, e aukati ana, e neke ana, ka pāngia te mekameka e ngā pānga korekore nā te huringa tere ohorere. Ki te kohia ēnei pānga i roto i te wā, ka tere ake te pakaru me te ngenge o te mekameka, ka poto ake tōna roanga mahi.

(3) Te Pānga Tahi o ngā Take Taiao Kino

He maha ngā mahi ahuwhenua e mahia ana i waho, te wāhi e uru tonu mai ai te ua, te paru, te puehu, me te kakau witi me ngā paru hua ki roto i ngā wāhi e hono ana te mekameka. Ehara i te mea ka whakanui ake i te pakaru o te mekameka anake ēnei poke engari ka pā kino hoki ki te tika o te tuku, ka mutu ka piri te mekameka me te pekepeke i te wā e mahi ana, ka nui ake te kino i puta mai i ngā kawenga pānga. Hei tauira, i te wā kotinga raihi, he mākū, he paru hoki ngā mara. Ka uru te paru ki te mekameka, ka konatunatua ki te hinu whakahinuhinu hei hanga paru, ka whakaiti i te ngāwari o te mekameka, ka whakanui ake hoki i te pānga i te wā e mahi ana.

E kitea ana, he maha ngā āhuatanga me ngā kawenga pānga o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua. He hononga tika tō rātou ātete pānga ki te whai huatanga o te mahi, te roa o te mahi, me te haere tonu o te mahi ahuwhenua. Nō reira, he mea nui te rangahau hohonu me te whakapai ake i te ātete pānga o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua hei whakatairanga i te whanaketanga kounga teitei o te mīhini ahuwhenua.

II. Te Wetewete i te Ātete Pānga: Te "Hangarau Matua-Pākeke" e Tautoko ana i ngā Mekameka Roera Mīhini Ahuwhenua

Kāore te ātete pānga o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua e tutukihia mai i te hau; engari, ka tutukihia mā te hoahoa hanganga pūtaiao, te kōwhiringa rauemi kounga teitei, me ngā tukanga hanga matatau. Mā te whakahaere tika o ia hononga ka tautokohia te kaha o te mekameka ki te tu atu i ngā kawenga pānga.

(I) Hoahoa Hanganga Arotau: Te Tohatoha Pānga me te Whakaiti i te Kukū o te Taumahatanga
Te Whakapai Ake i te Hanganga o te Pereti Mekameka: Ko te pereti mekameka tētahi o ngā wāhanga matua o te mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua, ā, ko tōna hoahoa hanganga ka pā tika ki te ātete pānga o te mekameka. Ka whakamahia e ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua kounga teitei he hoahoa pereti mekameka wāhanga-rerekē. Ka whakanuia e tēnei hoahoa te matotoru o te pereti mekameka i ngā wāhi tino taumaha (pērā i te taha o ngā kamo me ngā taha) hei whakarei ake i te kaha ā-rohe, me te whakaiti i te matotoru i ngā wāhi kāore i te tino taumaha hei whakaiti i te taumaha mekameka katoa. Ehara i te mea ka tohatoha pai tēnei hoahoa i ngā kawenga pānga engari ka whakaitihia hoki te kukū ahotea ki runga i te pereti mekameka i te wā e whakamahia ana te kawenga, ka ārai i te pakaru nā te ahotea nui rawa atu ā-rohe. Hei tāpiri, ko ētahi mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua teitei he kamo pereti mekameka kua whakapikohia, ka hanga he whakawhiti maeneene hei whakaiti i ngā pūwāhi kukū ahotea me te whakarei ake i te ātete pānga o te pereti mekameka.

Te Whakaurunga Tika i waenga i ngā Pine me ngā Pūhi: Ko ngā pine me ngā pūhi ngā wāhanga matua e āhei ai te huri ngāwari o te mekameka, ā, he mea nui hoki mō te tu atu ki ngā kawenga pānga. Hei whakarei ake i te ātete pānga, ka whakamahia e ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua he tukanga whakauru pokanoa hei hono i ngā pine ki ngā pereti mekameka, me ngā pūhi ki ngā pereti mekameka. Mā tēnei ka whakarite i tētahi hononga haumaru, ā, ka ārai i te wetewete, i te wehenga rānei i raro i ngā kawenga pānga. Ka hurihia ngā mata o ngā pine me ngā pūhi kia tika ai te tawhiti i waenganui i a rātou, ka whakaiti i te pānga me te kakahu i te wā e whakamahia ana. Hei tāpiri, ko ētahi mekameka he paninga ātete kakahu i waenganui i ngā pine me ngā pūhi, e kore e whakapai ake i te ātete kakahu anake engari ka tautoko hoki i ngā kawenga pānga ki tētahi taumata, ka roa ake te ora o te wāhanga.

Hoahoa Rōra Motuhake: Ka mahi ngā rōra hei tikanga waku hurihuri i te wā e honoa ana te mekameka me te porotiti, ā, e hono tata ana tō rātou hoahoa ki tō rātou ātete pānga. Ko ngā mekameka rōra mīhini ahuwhenua kounga teitei he matotoru ngā pakitara rōra hei whakarei ake i tō rātou kaha pēhi me te ātete pānga, hei ārai i te whakarerekētanga, te pakaru rānei ina tukinga ki ngā niho porotiti. Hei tāpiri, ka whakapakeketia ngā rōra hei whakarei ake i te pakeke o te mata me te whakaiti i te kakahu. Ko te ātete porowhita o te rōra ka tino whakahaerehia ki tētahi awhe iti rawa, kia maeneene ai te hononga ki ngā niho porotiti, me te whakaiti i te haruru pānga me ngā kawenga ru i te wā e honoa ana.

(II) Kōwhiringa Rauemi Kounga-Teitei: Te Hanga i tētahi "Tūāpapa Rauemi" Pakari mō te Ātete Pānga

Te Whakamahinga o te Rino Hanganga Koranu: Ko ngā wāhanga matua o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua, pērā i ngā pereti mekameka, ngā pine, me ngā pū, he mea hanga mai i ngā maitai hanganga koranu kounga teitei (pērā i te 40MnB me te 20CrMnTi). He kaha teitei, he pakari teitei, he tino pai te whakapakeketanga o ēnei maitai. I muri i te maimoatanga wera tika, ka mau tonu te kaha teitei me te tuku i te pakari pānga pai rawa atu, ka ārai i te pakarukaru i raro i ngā kawenga pānga. Hei tauira, i muri i te whakakā me te tinei, ka taea e te maitai 20CrMnTi te whakatutuki i te pakeketanga o te mata o te HRC58-62, e tuku ana i te ātete pai ki te kakahu me te ngenge, i te mea ka mau tonu te pakari teitei o te matua, ka mimiti pai i te kaha pānga me te ātete ki te kino mai i ngā kawenga pānga.

Te Tirotiro me te Whakamātautau Rauemi Tino Pai: Hei whakarite i te kounga, ka whakahaerehia e ngā kaihanga mekameka rongonui te tirotiro me te whakamātautau rauemi mata tino pai. Mai i te tātari hanganga matū o te maitai, te whakamātautau āhuatanga miihini (pēnei i te kaha kume, te kaha hua, me te pakari pānga), ki te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro (pēnei i te whakamātautau ultrasonic me te whakamātautau matūriki aukume), ka tino whakahaerehia ia taahiraa kia kore ai e uru ngā rauemi kore tohu ki te tukanga whakaputa. Ko ngā rauemi anake e paahitia ana e ēnei whakamātautau tino pai ka whakamahia i roto i te hanga o ngā wāhanga matua mō ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua, hei whakatakoto i te turanga pakari mō te ātete pānga o te mekameka.

(III) Ngā Tukanga Hanga Matatau: Te Whakapai Ake i te Tika me te Whakapai Ake i te Mahi
Ngā Tukanga Maimoatanga Wera Tika: He taahiraa matua te maimoatanga wera ki te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga miihini o ngā wāhanga mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua, e pā tika ana ki te ātete pānga o te mekameka. He rerekē ngā tukanga maimoatanga wera e whakamahia ana mō ngā wāhanga rerekē. Ko ngā pereti mekameka he tikanga tinei katoa, ā, muri iho ka whai i tētahi tukanga whakamahana ngawari, ka tutuki ai te kaha teitei me tētahi taumata pakari, ka taea ai e rātou te tu atu ki ngā kawenga taumaha me te tu atu ki te pānga. Ka whai i tētahi tukanga tinei waro mō ngā pine me ngā pūkaha, ā, muri iho ka whai i tētahi tukanga whakamahana pāmahana iti, ka hanga he paparanga pakeke teitei, ātete-kakahu i runga i te mata, me te pupuri tonu i te pakari pai i roto i te uho. I raro i ngā kawenga pānga, ka whakaitihia te kakahu e te paparanga ātete-kakahu o te mata, i te mea ka mimiti te pakari o te uho i te kaha pānga, ā, ka ārai i te pakaru o te wāhanga. Ko ngā roera he tikanga tinei mata, ā, muri iho ka whai i tētahi tukanga whakamahana pāmahana iti, ka whakarei ake i te pakeke o te mata me te ātete kakahu, me te whakarite i tētahi taumata pakari i roto i te uho hei ārai i te pakaru o te roera i raro i te pānga.

Te miihini me te huihuinga tino tika: Haunga ngā rauemi kounga teitei me ngā tukanga maimoatanga wera tika, he mea nui anō hoki te miihini me te huihuinga tino tika hei whakarite i te ātete pānga o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua. I te wā e miihini ana, ka tukatukahia ngā wāhanga mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tino tika pērā i ngā mīhini huri CNC me ngā mīhini huri CNC kia tutuki ai te tika o ō rātou āhua me ngā ātete āhuahanga ki ngā whakaritenga hoahoa. Hei tauira, ka whakahaeretia te hapa o te poka o ngā pereti mekameka i roto i te ±0.05mm, ā, ka whakahaeretia te ātete diameter o ngā pine i roto i te ±0.005mm. Mā tēnei ka pai te mahi a te mekameka i muri i te huihuinga, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā kawenga pānga i puta mai i ngā hapa āhua. I te wā e huihui ana, ka whakamahia ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu huihuinga motuhake hei whakarite i te tika o te huihuinga o ia wāhanga. Ka whakamatautauria hoki te mekameka kua huihuia (pērā i te rerekētanga o te piko, te kaha kume, me te ātete pānga). Ko ngā hua whai tohu anake ka tukuna, kia tino pai ai te ātete pānga o ia mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua.

III. Manatoko Pūtaiao: Me pēhea te Ine i te Ātete Pānga o ngā Mekameka Rōra Mīhini Ahuwhenua?

Kāore e taea te whakatau i te ātete pānga pai o te mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua mā te whakatau takitahi anake; me manatoko mā roto i ngā tikanga whakamātautau pūtaiao me te pakari. I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o te umanga e whakamahi ana i ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga me ngā whakamātautau mara hei aromatawai whānui i te ātete pānga o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua kia tino tutuki ai ngā hiahia tuturu o te whakaputanga ahuwhenua.

(I) Whakamātautau Taiwhanga: Te Whakatauira i ngā Āhuatanga Whakahaere Tino Kaha hei Ine Tika i te Mahi

Ka whakatauirahia e te whakamātautau taiwhanga ngā āhuatanga ahotea o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua i raro i ngā kawenga pānga rerekē i roto i te taiao whakahaeretia. Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakamātautau motuhake, ka taea te ine tika i te ātete pānga o te mekameka, e tautoko ana i ngā raraunga pūtaiao mō te aromatawai kounga mekameka.

Whakamātautau Utu Pānga: Ko te whakamātautau utauta pānga tētahi o ngā whakamātautau matua e whakamahia ana hei aromatawai i te ātete pānga o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua. I te wā whakamātautau, ka whakairihia te mekameka ki runga i tētahi mīhini whakamātautau pānga motuhake, e whakamahi ana i ngā utauta pānga rerekē (e whakatauira ana i ngā āhuatanga pānga rerekē e pā ana ki ngā mīhini ahuwhenua i te mara). Ka tuhia ngā huringa ahotea, te whakarerekētanga, me ngā tauira whati o te mekameka i te wā o ngā utauta pānga. Mā te tātari i ngā raraunga whakamātautau, ka taea te whakatau i ngā tohu mekameka matua pēnei i te ātete utauta pānga mōrahi me te pakari pānga, me te aromatawai i te kaha kawe utauta o te mekameka i raro i ngā āhuatanga pānga tino kino. Hei tauira, mēnā ka taea e te mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua te tu atu i te utauta pānga tere 50kN me te kore e whati, e kitea rānei te whakarerekētanga i te wā whakamātautau, he rawaka tōna ātete pānga mō te nuinga o ngā mahi mīhini ahuwhenua.

Whakamātautau Pānga Ngenge: He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua e ngā kawenga pānga huringa maha i te wā e whakamahia ana, ā, he mea nui rawa te whakamātautau pānga ngenge. Ko te whakamātautau pānga ngenge ko te whakamahi i ngā kawenga pānga huringa ki te mekameka mā te whakamahi i tētahi mīhini whakamātautau (e whakatauira ana i te pānga tāpiri o te mahi mīhini ahuwhenua mō te wā roa) me te tuhi i ngā huringa o te mahi mekameka (pēnei i te kakahu, ngā huringa pakari, me te kitea o ngā kapiti) i runga i ngā huringa rerekē tae noa ki te pakaru o te mekameka. Ka taea e te whakamātautau pānga ngenge te aromatawai i te roa o te mahi me te pono o te mekameka i raro i ngā kawenga pānga roa, e whakarato ana i tētahi tohutoro mō te whiriwhiri i te mekameka tika. Hei tauira, i mau tonu te mahi pai o tētahi mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua me te kore he kino e kitea ana i muri i te 1 miriona whakamātautau pānga ngenge, e whakaatu ana i tōna roa o te mahi me te pono teitei.

Whakamātautau pānga pāmahana iti: I ngā rohe makariri, ka mahi ngā mīhini ahuwhenua i te takurua i ngā pāmahana taiao iti, ka taea te whakaiti i te pakari o ngā rauemi, ā, ka pā pea ki te ātete pānga o te mekameka. Nō reira, ko te whakamātautau pānga pāmahana iti te whakamātautau matua mō te aromatawai i te ātete pānga o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua. I roto i tēnei whakamātautau, ka whakanohoia te mekameka ki roto i tētahi rūma pāmahana iti, ā, ka puritia ki tētahi pāmahana iti kua tohua (pēnei i te -20°C, i te -30°C rānei) mō tētahi wā kua tohua kia tae rā anō te mekameka ki te pāmahana taiao. Kātahi ka whakahaerehia te whakamātautau kawenga pānga hei aromatawai i te ātete pānga o te mekameka i ngā taiao pāmahana iti. Mā te whakamātautau pānga pāmahana iti ka mau tonu te ātete pānga pai o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua i te wā e mahi ana i te takurua i ngā rohe makariri, ka ārai i ngā rahunga pēnei i te whati o te mekameka i puta mai i ngā pāmahana iti. (II) Whakamātautau Marae: Whakatutuki i ngā Hiahia Mahi me te Manatoko i te Mahi Mahi

Ahakoa ka taea e te whakamātautau taiwhanga te ine tika i te ātete pānga o te mekameka, kāore e taea te whakatauira katoa i te taiao mahi uaua me te hihiri o te mara. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakamātautau mara hei tāpiri atu ki te manatoko i te ātete pānga o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua, e whakarato ana i te whakaata pono ake o te mahi a te mekameka i roto i te whakaputanga ahuwhenua tuturu.

Te Whakamātautau i roto i ngā Horopaki Whakatō Huawhenua Rerekē: Ka whakamātauria ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua i roto i ngā horopaki mara e rite ana, ka whakaritea ki ngā āhuatanga whakato me te hauhake o ngā hua rerekē, pērā i te witi, te raihi, te kānga, me te pīni soya. Hei tauira, i roto i te horopaki hauhake witi, ka tāutahia te mekameka ki runga i te mīhini hauhake whakakotahi hei tirotiro i tōna pumau mahi me te ātete pānga i te wā o te tukanga hauhake (i raro i ngā momo matotoru kakau witi me ngā āhuatanga mara pōturi). I roto i te horopaki whakatō raihi, ka whakamātauria te mahi a te mekameka i raro i ngā kawenga pānga i roto i ngā mara raihi paru. Mā te whakamātautau i roto i ngā horopaki whakato hua rerekē ka manatoko i te urutau me te ātete pānga o te mekameka i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere rerekē, ka whakarite i tōna kaha ki te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia rerekē o te whakaputanga ahuwhenua. Te whakamātautau mahi tonu mō te wā roa: I roto i te whakaputanga ahuwhenua tūturu, he maha ngā wā ka mahi tonu ngā mīhini ahuwhenua mō ngā wā roa (hei tauira, i te wā mahi ahuwhenua pukumahi, me mahi pea te mīhini hauhake whakakotahi mō te neke atu i te 10 hāora ia rā). I roto i tēnei wā mahi tonu, ka tukuna te mekameka ki ngā kawenga pānga tonu, ka tino whakamātautau i tōna ātete pānga me te pono. Nō reira, ka whakamatautauria ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua mō te wā roa, ka tuhia ngā huringa mahi (pēnei i te roa o te mekameka, te pakaru o ngā wāhanga, me te kitea o ngā hapa) i muri i te 100, 200, neke atu rānei ngā hāora mahi tonu. Mā tēnei whakamātautau mahi tonu mō te wā roa ka taea e mātou te aromatawai i te pakari me te ātete pānga o te mekameka i te whakamahinga tūturu, ka hoatu ki ngā kaiwhakamahi he tohutoro mahi e tino rite ana ki te whakamahinga tūturu.

Whakamātautau āhua mahi tino kino: Hei manatoko katoa i te ātete pānga o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua, ka whakahaerehia hoki te whakamātautau mara i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi tino kino. Hei tauira, i ngā wāhi he oneone tino pakeke me te maha o ngā toka, ka whakamatautauria te mahi a te mekameka i raro i te pānga o te ātete kukume nui ina tōia e te tarakihana he parau. I runga i ngā mara maunga pari, ka whakamatautauria te mahi a te mekameka i raro i ngā kawenga pānga i puta mai i te piki me te tere o te piki me te heke. Ka whakaatuhia katoatia e ēnei āhuatanga mahi tino kino ngā take ātete pānga pea o te mekameka, ka whakarato i te pūtake mō te arotau me te whakapai ake i te mekameka. Ka taea hoki e ngā kaiwhakamahi te mārama ake ki te kaha mahi tino kino o te mekameka, ka ārai i ngā rahunga taputapu i puta mai i te nui rawa atu i ngā manawanui o te mekameka i te wā e mahi ana.

IV. Te Uara Whaihua o te Ātete Pānga: Ngā Painga Maha mō te Whakaputa Ahuwhenua

Ehara i te mea ko te ātete pai ki ngā pānga anake te tohu o te kounga o te mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua; engari he hua kitea anō hoki ki te whakaputanga ahuwhenua, mai i te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi me te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki ki te whakarite i te haumaru, me te tautoko whānui i te whakahaere pai o te mīhini ahuwhenua.

(I) Te Whakapai Ake i te Whai Hua o ngā Mīhini Ahuwhenua me te Whakapūmau i te Ahunga Whakamua

He mea nui te wā mahi ahuwhenua. I roto i te mahi ahuwhenua, ko te korenga o te wā whakato, te whakawairakau, me te hauhake e hua ake ai te iti o ngā hua o te hua. Mena he iti te ātete o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua ki te pānga, ka ngāwari ki te pakaru (pēnei i ngā hononga whati me ngā titi hinga) i te wā e mahi ana, ka hiahiatia he wā whakamutu mō ngā whakatikatika. Ehara i te mea ka moumou taima nui tēnei engari ka arahi hoki ki te ngaronga o ngā wā hauhake me ngā mate pūtea mō ngā kaimahi pāmu. Ko ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua me te ātete pānga pai ka whakarite kia pumau te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga mara uaua, ka whakaitihia te wā whakamutu i puta mai i ngā kawenga pānga. Ka mau tonu te mahi pai ahakoa ngā pānga kino, ka whakarite kia haere tonu me te whai hua te mahi a ngā mīhini ahuwhenua, ka āwhina i ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te whakaoti i ngā mahi whakaputa ahuwhenua i te wā tika, ka whakarite i te ahunga whakamua, me te whakatakoto i te turanga mō ngā hua hua teitei me te pumau. Hei tauira, i te wā tino nui o te hauhake witi, ka taea e te mīhini hauhake whakakotahi kua rite ki te mekameka roera ātete pānga te mahi pumau mō ngā rā maha, ka karo i ngā whakaroa i puta mai i ngā pakaru o te mekameka. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā mīhini hauhake e whakamahi ana i ngā mekameka tikanga, ka taea e tēnei pūnaha te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi mā te 10%-20%. (II) Te Whakaroa i te Ora o te Mekameka me te Whakaiti i ngā Utu Tiaki
Ko te whakakapi me te tiaki i ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua me nui ngā rauemi tangata, rauemi, me te pūtea. Mēnā he poto te roa o te mekameka, ko te whakakapinga auau ehara i te mea ka piki ake ngā utu whakaputa a ngā kaimahi pāmu engari ka pā hoki ki te whakahaere tika o ngā mīhini ahuwhenua. Ko ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua me te ātete pānga pai, nā te hoahoa hanganga kua arotauhia, ngā rauemi kounga teitei, me ngā tukanga hanga matatau, ka ātete pai ki ngā kino mai i ngā kawenga pānga, ka whakaiti i te kakahu me te ngenge o te mekameka, ā, ka roa ake te roa o te ratonga. Hei tauira, ahakoa he 300-500 hāora noa iho te roa o te ratonga o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua noa i raro i ngā āhuatanga parae kino, ka taea e ngā mekameka he ātete pānga pai te roa ake o te ratonga ki te 800-1000 hāora, neke atu rānei. Hei tāpiri, he iti ake te tere rahunga o ngā mekameka he ātete pānga nui i te wā e whakamahia ana, ka whakaiti i te maha me te utu o ngā whakatikatika me te whakaiti anō i ngā utu tiaki mō ngā kaimahi pāmu. Hei tauira, mēnā he 2,000 yuan te utu tiaki ā-tau o te tarakihana nā te rahunga o te mekameka, mā te whakamahi i ngā mekameka pānga nui ka taea te whakaiti i tēnei utu ki raro iho i te 500 yuan, ka penapena i ngā kaimahi pāmu neke atu i te 1,500 yuan i roto i ngā utu tiaki ā-tau.

(III) Te Whakapūmau i te Haumaru o te Mahi a ngā Mīhini Ahuwhenua me te Whakaiti i ngā Aituā Haumaru
I te wā e whakamahia ana ngā mīhini ahuwhenua, ki te whati ohorere te mekameka nā te kore e kaha ki te ātete i te pānga, ehara i te mea ka roa te wā e kore ai e mahi ngā taputapu, engari ka arahi pea ki ngā aituā. Hei tauira, ki te whati ohorere te mekameka taraiwa o te mīhini hauhake i te wā e whakamahia ana te mīhini tere, ka taea te maka atu te mekameka whati ka pā ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te mīhini, ki ngā kaimahi tata rānei, ka pakaru ngā taputapu, ka mate rānei. Ko ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua, me ō rātou ātete pānga pai, ka pupuri i te pumau o te hanganga i raro i ngā kawenga pānga, ka iti ake te tūponotanga ki ngā pakaru nui pēnei i te whati ohorere, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā aituā. Hei tāpiri, ko tā rātou mahi tuku pumau ka whakarite kia maeneene ake te whakahaere o ngā mīhini ahuwhenua, ka whakaiti i ngā hapa whakahaere i puta mai i ngā peke me ngā aukati mekameka, ka whakarite anō i te haumaru o ngā mahi mīhini ahuwhenua me te tiaki pai i ngā oranga me ngā taonga o ngā kaimahi pāmu. (IV) Te Whakapai Ake i te Mahi Whānui o ngā Mīhini Ahuwhenua me te Whakatairanga i te Whakapai Ake i te Mīhini Ahuwhenua

Hei wāhanga matua o ngā pūnaha tuku mīhini ahuwhenua, ka pā tika te mahi a ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua ki te mahi whānui o ngā mīhini ahuwhenua. Ko ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua me te ātete pānga pai ka whakarato i te tuku hiko pumau me te pono mō ngā mīhini ahuwhenua, me te whakarite kia taea e ngā mīhini ahuwhenua te whakamahi katoa i ōna painga mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi uaua. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā tarakihana he mekameka roera pānga nui te whakahaere ngāwari ake i ngā kawenga pānga i te wā e tōia ana ngā taputapu ahuwhenua taumaha, me te pupuri i te kaha o te kukume me te whakapai ake i te pai me te kounga o te parau. Ka taea e ngā mīhini hauhake whakakotahi he mekameka roera pānga nui te pupuri i te tere mahi pumau i te wā hauhake, te whakaiti i te ngaronga witi me te whakapai ake i te pai me te kounga o te hauhake. Mā te whakapai tonu i te ātete pānga o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua, ka tino pai ake te mahi whānui o ngā mīhini ahuwhenua, ka akiaki i te miihini ahuwhenua ki te kounga teitei me te whai hua teitei ake, me te wero i te kaha kaha ki te whanaketanga o te ao ahuwhenua hou.

V. Whakamutunga: Ātete Pānga – Te "Raina Ora" o ngā Mekameka Rōra Mīhini Ahuwhenua

I te pikinga ake o te whakamahinga mīhini ahuwhenua, kua piki haere te hiranga o te ātete pānga o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua, hei "hononga mana" o ngā taputapu ahuwhenua. Mai i te ātete ki te pānga o te whenua uaua o te mara, ki te manawanui ki ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā kawenga mahi, ki te ātete ki te horo i ngā taiao kino, ko te ātete pānga pai te "ora" o ngā mekameka roera mīhini ahuwhenua mō te mahi pumau i roto i te whakaputanga ahuwhenua.